Distributed TensorFlow

For HCJ 2016 LT session

Transcript

1. Distributed TensorFlow
2. +Kazunori Sato @kazunori_279 Kaz Sato Staff Developer Advocate Tech Lead for Data & Analytics Cloud Platform, Google Inc.
3. = The Datacenter as a Computer
5. Enterprise
6. Jupiter network 40 G ports 10 G x 100 K = 1 Pbps total CLOS topology Software Defined Network
7. Borg No VMs, pure containers Manages 10K machines / Cell DC-scale proactive job sched (CPU, mem, disk IO, TCP ports) Paxos-based metadata store
8. Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 8 Google Brain
11. The Inception Architecture (GoogLeNet, 2015)
14. Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 14 TensorFlow
15. Google's open source library for machine intelligence • tensorflow.org launched in Nov 2015 • The second generation (after DistBelief) • Used in many production ML projects at Google What is TensorFlow?
16. What is TensorFlow? • Tensor: N-dimensional array ◦ Vector: 1 dimension ◦ Matrix: 2 dimensions • Flow: data flow computation framework (like MapReduce) • TensorFlow: a data flow based numerical computation framework ◦ Best suited for Machine Learning and Deep Learning ◦ Or any other HPC (High Performance Computing) applications
17. Yet another dataflow systemwith tensors MatMul Add Relu biases weights examples labels Xent Edges are N-dimensional arrays: Tensors
18. Yet another dataflow systemwith state Add Mul biases ... learning rate −= ... 'Biases' is a variable −= updates biases Some ops compute gradients
19. Simple Example # define the network import tensorflow as tf x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784]) W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10])) b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10])) y = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x, W) + b) # define a training step y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10]) xent = -tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y)) step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01).minimize(xent)
20. Simple Example # initialize session init = tf.initialize_all_variables() sess = tf.Session() sess.run(init) # training for i in range(1000): batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(100) sess.run(step, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y_: batch_ys})
21. Portable • Training on: ◦ Data Center ◦ CPUs, GPUs and etc • Running on: ◦ Mobile phones ◦ IoT devices
22. Distributed Training with TensorFlow
23. Single GPU server for production service?
24. Microsoft: CNTK benchmark with 8 GPUs From: Microsoft Research Blog
25. Denso IT Lab: • TIT TSUBAME2 supercomputer with 96 GPUs • Perf gain: dozens of times From: DENSO GTC2014 Deep Neural Networks Level-Up Automotive Safety From: http://www.titech.ac.jp/news/2013/022156.html Preferred Networks + Sakura: • Distributed GPU cluster with InfiniBand for Chainer • In summer, 2016
26. Google Brain: Embarrassingly parallel for many years • "Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks", NIPS 2012 ◦ 10 M images on YouTube, 1.15 B parameters ◦ 16 K CPU cores for 1 week • Distributed TensorFlow: runs on hundreds of GPUs ◦ Inception / ImageNet: 40x with 50 GPUs ◦ RankBrain: 300x with 500 nodes
27. Distributed TensorFlow
28. Distributed TensorFlow • CPU/GPU scheduling • Communications ◦ Local, RPC, RDMA ◦ 32/16/8 bit quantization • Cost-based optimization • Fault tolerance
29. Distributed TensorFlow • Fully managed ◦ No major changes required ◦ Automatic optimization • with Device Constraints ◦ hints for optimization /job:localhost/device:cpu:0 /job:worker/task:17/device:gpu:3 /job:parameters/task:4/device:cpu:0
30. Model Parallelism vs Data Parallelism Model Parallelism (split parameters, share training data) Data Parallelism (split training data, share parameters)
31. Data Parallelism • Google uses Data Parallelism mostly ◦ Dense: 10 - 40x with 50 replicas ◦ Sparse: 1 K+ replicas • Synchronous vs Asynchronous ◦ Sync: better gradient effectiveness ◦ Async: better fault tolerance
33. Summary • TensorFlow ◦ Portable: Works from data center machines to phones ◦ Distributed and Proven: scales to hundreds of GPUs in production ▪ will be available soon!
34. Resources • tensorflow.org • TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems, Jeff Dean et al, tensorflow.org, 2015 • Large Scale Distributed Systems for Training Neural Networks, Jeff Dean and Oriol Vinyals, NIPS 2015 • Large Scale Distributed Large Networks, Jeff Dean et al, NIPS 2012
35. Thank you