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iOSのレイアウトサイクルを知ろう
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Elvis Shi
May 24, 2018
Programming
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1.8k
iOSのレイアウトサイクルを知ろう
iOS(UIKit)のレイアウトサイクルについてのお話
Elvis Shi
May 24, 2018
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Transcript
ϨΠΞταΠΫϧΛ Ζ͏ forαϙʔλʔζ$P-BCษڧձ K15؊
var employedBy = "YUMEMI Inc." var job = "iOS Developer"
var favoriteLanguage = "Swift" var twitter = "@lovee" var qiita = "lovee" var github = "el-hoshino" var additionalInfo = """ ࣗশ Auto Layout ઈରࡴ͢ϚϯͰ͢ """ class Me: Developable, Talkable { }
J04ʢ6*,JUʣͷϨΠΞταΠΫϧͲͷΑ͏ʹಈ͍ͯΔ͔ ͲͷλΠϛϯάͰϨΠΞτΛΈͳ͓͖͔͢ "VUP-BZPVUͰϨΠΞτΛΉ࣌ͱίʔυͰϨΠΞτ Ή࣌ʹͦΕͧΕԿΛؾΛ͚ͭΔ͖͔ /PU"VUP-BZPVUͷ͍ܰએʢΛ͍ͤͯͩ͘͞͞Xʣ ࠓ͢͜ͱ
͜ͷϨΠΞτ۩ମతʹͲͷΑ͏ʹΜͰ͍Δͷ͔ έʔεόΠέʔε͗͢ΔͷͰΧόʔ͢Δͷແཧ Ͱฉ͖͍ͨͷ͋Ε࣭ٙԠ࠙ձͷ࣌ʹରԠ͍ͨ͠ "VUP-BZPVUͷΈ ڵຯֶ͋ͬͯಘҙͳϑϨϯζੋඇҴݟ͞ΜͷൃදΛ IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI W5)0OTZ%,&:2UT ࠓ͞ͳ͍͜ͱ
ੲͷ iPhone ղ૾͕ 1 छྨ͔͠ͳ͘ɺ ը໘ϨΠΞτ͕ͱͯ؆୯ͩͬͨɻ
UIView ͷੜ࣌ʹ frame Λࢦఆ͠ɺ ϨΠΞτͷมԽߟ͑ͳͯ͘Α͔ͬͨɻ ը໘ճస͕ແޮͳΒ let view = UIView(frame:
CGRect(x: 0, ɹɹy: 0, ɹɹwidth: 320, ɹɹheight: 480)) Swiftɿ UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480)]; Objective-Cɿ
్த͔Βը໘छྨ͕૿͑ɺ ϨΠΞτ͕໘ʹͳΓ࢝Ίͨɻ
ࠓछྨ͕ଟ͗ͯ͢ɺ ԿΛͲ͏͢Ε͍͍͔… ?
ϨΠΞτ αΠΫϧ
ϨΠΞτίετ͕ߴ͍ʢॏ͍ʣ ͳΔ͘ϨΠΞτΛඞཁͳ࣌ʹඞཁ࠷ݶ͚ͩߦ͍͍ͨ ҙਤ͠ͳ͍ॴͰ࠶ϨΠΞτΛىͤͨ͘͜͞ͳ͍ ϨΠΞτΛࢥ͏Ͳ͓Γʹ࣮ݱ͢Δͷʹඞཁ ϨΠΞτઃఆͯ͠Δ͚ͲɺαΠΫϧ͕ճΒͳ͔͍ͬͨͤ Ͱݟ͕ͨఆͱҧ͏͜ͱΛ͍͗ͨ ͳͥϨΠΞταΠΫϧ͕ॏཁ͔
UIViewController UIView viewDidDisappear() viewWillDisappear() layout runloop viewDidAppear() viewDidLayoutSubviews() layoutSubviews() viewWillLayoutSubviews()
viewWillAppear() viewDidLoad() loadView()
UIViewController UIView Needs layout? viewDidLayoutSubviews() layoutSubviews() updateViewConstraints() updateConstraints() yes no
Needs update constraint? viewWillLayoutSubviews() yes sleep no Needs layout? no yes Disappear? viewDidDisappear() viewWillDisappear() layout runloop viewDidAppear() viewDidLayoutSubviews() layoutSubviews() viewWillLayoutSubviews() viewWillAppear() viewDidLoad() loadView()
setNeedsLayout() Λݺͼग़ͨ͠ σόΠε͕ճసͨ͠ ࢠϏϡʔΛՃআΛͨ͠ ࣗͷϏϡʔ֊ͷ੍͕ߋ৽ͨ͠ ʢUIScrollView Ͱ͋ΔࢠϏϡʔʣ͕εΫϩʔϧͨ͠ ࣗͷࢠϏϡʔͷ frame
transform ͳͲ͕มߋ͞Εͨ ͳͲͳͲ… Ͳ͏ͬͯఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ Needs layout?
setNeedsLayout() Λݺͼग़ͨ͠ σόΠε͕ճసͨ͠ ࢠϏϡʔΛՃআΛͨ͠ ࣗͷϏϡʔ֊ͷ੍͕ߋ৽ͨ͠ ʢUIScrollView Ͱ͋ΔࢠϏϡʔʣ͕εΫϩʔϧͨ͠ ࣗͷࢠϏϡʔͷ frame
transform ͳͲ͕มߋ͞Εͨ ͳͲͳͲ… Ͳ͏ͬͯఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ Needs layout? ࣗͷ frame transform ඞͣʹมߋͯ͠Β͓͏ʂ ࣗͷ frame transform Λมߋ͢Ε ͷ layoutSubviews() ݺΕΔʂ
setNeedsLayout() Λݺͼग़ͨ͠ σόΠε͕ճసͨ͠ ࢠϏϡʔΛՃআΛͨ͠ ࣗͷϏϡʔ֊ͷ੍͕ߋ৽ͨ͠ ʢUIScrollView Ͱ͋ΔࢠϏϡʔʣ͕εΫϩʔϧͨ͠ ࣗͷࢠϏϡʔͷ frame
transform ͳͲ͕มߋ͞Εͨ ͳͲͳͲ… Ͳ͏ͬͯఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ Needs layout? ࠶ϨΠΞτ setNeedsLayout ͷ ޙͰͳ͘ɺ࣍ͷϥϯϧʔϓ ϨΠΞτίετ͕ߴ͍ ͘͠ layoutIfNeeded ݺͼग़࣌͠
Ͳ͏ϨΠΞτ ͢Ε͍͍͔
جຊUIViewͷlayoutSubviewsΛΦʔόʔϥΠυ͠ɺͦ ͷதͰϨΠΞτ͢Ε͍͍ ϏϡʔͷframeϓϩύςΟʔɺ͕ཧ͖͢ ༰ʹԠͯ͡αΠζ͕มΘΔϏϡʔɺsizeThatFitsͰ ͳΜͱ͔ͳΔ label.frame.size = label.sizeThatFits(bounds.size) ඞཁʹԠͯ͡ΦʔόʔϥΠυՄ ࠶ϨΠΞτ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨΒsetNeedsLayoutΛݺͿ
ϨΠΞτ͕ඞཁͱ͍͏ϑϥάཱ͕͚ͭͩͳͷͰɺҰͷ ॲཧʹෳճݺΜͰϨΠΞτޙͰҰճ͚ͩճΔ ίʔυʢ"VUP-BZPVUͳ͠ʣͰΉ߹
ίʔυʢ"VUP-BZPVUͳ͠ʣͰΉ߹ class ViewController: UIViewController { lazy var myView = View(frame:
UIScreen.main.bounds) override func loadView() { self.view = self.myView } override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() self.myView.button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(self.switchButtonSize), for: .touchUpInside) } @objc func switchButtonSize() { self.myView.showsLargeButton = !self.myView.showsLargeButton self.view.setNeedsLayout() } } class View: UIView { let button = UIButton() var showsLargeButton = false override func layoutSubviews() { if showsLargeButton { self.button.frame = self.bounds } else { self.button.frame.size = .init(width: 100, height: 100) self.button.frame.origin = .zero } } }
ίʔυʢ"VUP-BZPVUͳ͠ʣͰΉ߹ class ViewController: UIViewController { lazy var myView = View(frame:
UIScreen.main.bounds) override func loadView() { self.view = self.myView } override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() self.myView.button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(self.switchButtonSize), for: .touchUpInside) } @objc func switchButtonSize() { self.myView.showsLargeButton = !self.myView.showsLargeButton self.view.setNeedsLayout() } } class View: UIView { let button = UIButton() var showsLargeButton = false override func layoutSubviews() { if showsLargeButton { self.button.frame = self.bounds } else { self.button.frame.size = .init(width: 100, height: 100) self.button.frame.origin = .zero } } }
"VUP-BZPVUͰΉ߹ class ViewController: UIViewController { lazy var button: UIButton =
{ let button = UIButton() button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(self.switchButtonSize), for: .touchUpInside) return button }() var showsLargeButton = false lazy var top = button.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor) lazy var left = button.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor) lazy var bottom = button.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor) lazy var right = button.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.rightAnchor) lazy var width = button.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100) lazy var height = button.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100) override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() self.view.addSubview(button) self.view.setNeedsUpdateConstraints() } override func updateViewConstraints() { self.updateButtonConstraints() super.updateViewConstraints() } @objc func switchButtonSize() { self.showsLargeButton = !self.showsLargeButton self.updateButtonConstraints() } func updateButtonConstraints() { top.isActive = true left.isActive = true if showsLargeButton { bottom.isActive = true right.isActive = true width.isActive = false height.isActive = false } else { bottom.isActive = false right.isActive = false width.isActive = true height.isActive = true } } }
"VUP-BZPVUͰΉ߹ @objc func switchButtonSize() { self.showsLargeButton = !self.showsLargeButton self.updateButtonConstraints() }
func updateButtonConstraints() { top.isActive = true left.isActive = true if showsLargeButton { bottom.isActive = true right.isActive = true width.isActive = false height.isActive = false } else { bottom.isActive = false right.isActive = false width.isActive = true height.isActive = true } }
ϨΠΞτʢʹݶΒͣ6*ܥશൠʣϝΠϯεϨουͰʂ ϨΠΞταΠΫϧͰϨΠΞτҾ͖ى͜͞ͳ͍ setNeedsLayoutsetNeedsUpdateConstraintsΛ ݺͳ͍ ϨΠΞταΠΫϧͷݺͼग़͠ΛͳΔ͘࠷খݶʹ ࢠϏϡʔͷՃͳΔ͘viewDidLoad͔ viewWillLayoutSubviewsʹ layoutIfNeededΛΉΈʹݺͳ͍ ຊʹඞཁͳ͚࣌ͩݺͿ ҙʢڞ௨ʣ
ΞχϝʔγϣϯϒϩοΫͱ͔
sizeThatFitsΛ͏·͘׆༻͠ɺϨΠΞτॲཧΛ࠷খݶʹ ͑Δ sizeThatFitsͷΦʔόʔϥΠυ͢Δ࣌ʹɺதͰͳΔ͘ ϨΠΞτॲཧͤ͞ͳ͍ ࣗࣗͰࣗࣗͷframeΛมߋ͠ͳ͍ʂ ҙʢίʔυʣ
ϏϡʔؔΛ͏·͘׆༻੍ͯ͠ΛΉ ؔੑΛਖ਼͘͠ઃఆͰ͖ͯΕsetNeedsLayout(); layoutIfNeeded()ͷίϯϘཁΒͳ͍ͣʂ ੍ͷߋ৽සΛͳΔ͘࠷খݶʹ ՄೳͳݶΓ੍Λੜʗআ͢ΔͷͰͳ͘ɺಉ੍͡ Λྲྀ༻͠constantsΛมߋ͢Δ͔ɺ੍ΛisActiveͰ Γସ͑Δ isActiveͰΓସ͑Δ߹੍ͷอ࣋ʹҙ ίϯςϯπʹԠͨ͡αΠζઃఆintrinsicContentSize ΛΦʔόʔϥΠυ
ҙʢ"VUP-BZPVUʣ
એ
/PU"VUP-BZPVUઈࢍެ։த IUUQTHJUIVCDPNFMIPTIJOP/PU"VUP-BZPVU
ίʔυʢ/PU"VUP-BZPVUʣͰΉ߹ class ViewController: UIViewController { lazy var myView = View(frame:
UIScreen.main.bounds) override func loadView() { self.view = self.myView } override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() self.myView.button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(self.switchButtonSize), for: .touchUpInside) } @objc func switchButtonSize() { self.myView.showsLargeButton = !self.myView.showsLargeButton self.view.setNeedsLayout() } } class View: UIView { let button = UIButton() var showsLargeButton = false override func layoutSubviews() { if showsLargeButton { self.nal.layout(button, by: { $0.stickOnParent() }) } else { self.nal.layout(button, by: { $0 .setTopLeft(by: { $0.topLeft }) .setSize(to: .init(width: 100, height: 100)) }) } } }
J04ΞϓϦઃܭύλʔϯೖࣥචܾఆ IUUQTQFBLTDDJ04@BSDIJUFDUVSF
גࣜձࣾΏΊΈɺΤϯδχΞืूத IUUQTXXXZVNFNJDPKQKBQBHFSFDSVJU