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Kubernetes the hard way revisited 〜ゼロダウンタイムクラスタ...
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LINEヤフーTech (LY Corporation Tech)
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December 10, 2023
Technology
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Kubernetes the hard way revisited 〜ゼロダウンタイムクラスタ移行から学ぶクラスタ構築の仕組み〜
CloudNative Days Tokyo 2023 での登壇資料です
LINEヤフーTech (LY Corporation Tech)
PRO
December 10, 2023
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Transcript
-:$PSQPSBUJPO -*/&Ϡϑʔגࣜձࣾ ޒాਖ਼ଠ ,VCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZSFWJTJUFE ʙθϩμϯλΠϜΫϥελҠߦ͔ΒֶͿΫϥελߏஙͷΈʙ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ޒా ਖ਼ଠ ˏTHPUBOE • -*/&Ϡϑʔגࣜձࣾ ιϑτΣΞΤϯδχΞ • ϓϥΠϕʔτΫϥυ7FSEBͷ,BB4։ൃʹैࣄ
• -*/&גࣜձࣾ ࣌ ʹೖࣾɺҎདྷݱ৬ • ,VCFDPO /"Ͱొஃ • “Leveraging Cluster-API for Production-Ready Multi-Regional Infrastructures” ࣗݾհ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZSFWJTJUFEʙθϩμϯλΠϜΫϥελҠߦ͔ΒֶͿΫϥελߏஙͷΈʙ ຊϓϨθϯ͔ΒֶΔ͜ͱ • ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελͷجຊߏͱٕज़ཁૉ • ΫϥελΛແఀࢭͰҠߦ͢ΔͨΊͷέʔεελσΟ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ࣭ ,VCFSOFUFTΫϥελʔ࡞ͬͨ͜ͱ͋Γ·͔͢ʁ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ύϒϦοΫΫϥυ&,4 (,& ",4 • اۀ͚3FE)BU 0QFOTIJGU 7.XBSF5BO[V •
ΦϯϓϨϛε,VCFBEN ,VCFTQSBZ LPQT LJOE .JOJLVCF • ͦͷଞ,VCFSFOFUFT UIF )BSE 8BZ ,VCFSOFUFTσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 7FSEB0QFOTUBDL ϕʔεͷࣾΫϥυ • 7FSEB ,VCFSOFUFT4FSWJDF 7,4 • ॳظ3BODIFSΛGPMLͯ͠։ൃ
• ݱࡏ $MVTUFS"1* ,VCFBEN ͱҠߦத 7FSEBͰͷ,VCFSOFUFTσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯ ˞ຊεϥΠυͰ3BODIFSͱݴٴ͢Δࡍɺ'PSLͨ͠ͷΛࢦ͠·͢ɻΞοϓετϦʔϜͱҰகੑอূ͠·ͤΜ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ӡ༻ऀࢹ • ෳͷσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯΛཧ͢Δͷਏ͍ • ΫϥελͷҠߦΛਐΊ͍ͨ • ར༻ऀࢹ •
طଘͷΫϥελΛ͍ଓ͚͍ͨ • ΫϥελΛ࡞Γͨ͘͠ͳ͍ • ඪطଘͷΫϥελΛಈ͔ͨ͠··Ҡߦ͢Δ 3BODIFS͔Β$MVTUFS"1*,VCFBENͷҠߦ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFSOFUFT UIF )BSE 8BZ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ֶश༻σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯ • ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτΛखಈͰઃఆɾߏங • FUDE • LVCFBQJTFSWFS •
LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS • LVCFTDIFEVMFS • LVCFMFU • LVCFQSPYZ ,VCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZͱ https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ΫϥυϦιʔε࡞ • $POUSPM1MBOF༻7. • ,VCFSOFUFT"1*༻ *1ΞυϨε • 8PSLFS༻7.
• ʜ • ຊՈ($1͕ͩɺੜ൛͋Δ • "84 • MJCWJSULWN • ʜ ,5)8෮शɿϦιʔεͷ࡞ IP address for apiserver VM VM worker-* (VM) https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/03-compute-resources.md VM VM controller-* (VM)
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 5-4ɺΩʔϖΞͷੜ • $"ূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ • αʔόʔূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ • ΫϥΠΞϯτূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ •
4FSWJDF"DDPVOU༻ΩʔϖΞ • ֤ϊʔυʹ ,5)8෮शɿূ໌ॻΩʔϖΞͷੜɾ https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/04-certificate-authority.md controller-* (VM) worker-* (VM)
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCFDPOGJHͷੜ • ҎԼΛؚΉ • $"ূ໌ॻ • ΫϥΠΞϯτূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ •
"1*4FSWFSͷΤϯυϙΠϯτ ,5)8෮शɿ,VCFDPOGJHͷੜɾ https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • &UDE όΠφϦͷஔ • ઃఆϑΝΠϧʢTZTUFNEʣͷੜ • $" 5-4ূ໌ॻ •
ॳظͷϝϯόͷΞυϨε • ҉߸Խ • ʜ • &UDEαʔϏεͷىಈ ,5)8෮शɿ&UDE Ϋϥελͷߏங controller-1 (VM) controller-2 (VM) controller-0 (VM) https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • όΠφϦͷஔ • LVCFBQJTFSWFS • LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS • LVCFTDIFEVMFS •
ઃఆϑΝΠϧʢTZTUFNEʣͷੜ • $" 5-4ূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ • 1&. • LVCFDPOGJH • ΤϯυϙΠϯτ • FUDEˡˠFUDE • LVCFBQJTFSWFSˠFUDE • LVCFTDIFEVMFSˠLVCFBQJTFSWFS • LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFSˠLVCFBQJTFSWFS • ֤αʔϏεͷىಈ ,5)8෮शɿ$POUSPM1MBOFͷىಈ https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md controller-* (VM)
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ্ཱ͕ͪͬͨLVCFBQJTFSWFSʹରͯ͠ -PBE#BMBODFSΛଓ • ࣄલ֬อͨ͠ *1ΞυϨεΛ༩ • ,VCFDPOGJHʹࢦఆͨ͠ͷ
,5)8෮शɿ-#ͷଓ https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md ce2(VM) ce3(VM) ce1(VM) LoadBalancer
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ϗετͷઃఆ • TXBQPGG • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷΠϯετʔϧ • DPOUBJOFSE $/*QMVHJO
,VCFMFU LVCFQSPYZ • ઃఆϑΝΠϧੜ • 4ZTUFNE 6OJUͷىಈ ϫʔΧʔϊʔυͷߏஙɾՃ Worker1 (VM) Worker2 (VM) Worker3 (VM) hSps://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZ͕ڭ͑ͯ͘Εͨ͜ͱ ,VCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZSFWJTJUFE ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτखಈͰઃఆͰ͖Δ ֤σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯࣗಈԽͯ͠Δ͚ͩ ˣ ઃఆΛௐ͢ΕΠϯετʔϥΛҠߦͰ͖ΔͷͰʁ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO 3BODIFS͔Β$MVTUFS"1*,VCFBEN ͷΫϥελҠߦ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ҟͳΔόʔδϣϯͷίϯϙʔωϯτߋ৽ • ྫWˠW • ϊʔυΛ̍ͭͣͭೖΕସ͑ • ࠷ऴతʹશͯͷϊʔυɾίϯϙʔωϯτΛߋ৽
ࢀߟࣄྫΫϥελΞοϓάϨʔυ v1.27 v1.27 v1.27 v1.28 v1.27 v1.27 v1.28 v1.28 v1.27 v1.28 v1.28 v1.28
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ҟͳΔઃఆͷίϯϙʔωϯτߋ৽ • 3BODIFS SLF ˠ,VCFBEN • ϊʔυΛ̍ͭͣͭೖΕସ͑ •
࠷ऴతʹશͯͷϊʔυɾίϯϙʔωϯτΛߋ৽ ઓུɿϊʔυΛͭͣͭೖΕସ͑Δ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ݹ͍Ϋϥελ 3BODIFS3,& ʹ,VCFBENͰ/PEFΛ+PJOͤ͞Δ ͡ΊͷҰาɿ8PSLFS/PEFΛՃ͢Δ Join
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBEN +PJO LVCFBEN KPJODPOGJHSVOLVCFBENLVCFBENKPJODPOGJHZBNM
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBEN +PJO LVCFBEN KPJODPOGJHSVOLVCFBENLVCFBENKPJODPOGJHZBNM
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCF "1*4FSWFSͷΤϯυϙΠϯτ • $"ͷϋογϡ • ೝূ༻ͷ#PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯ ,VCFBEN
+PJOͷͨΊʹ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFMFU͔Β"1*4FSWFSͷଓ LB چߏʢ3BODIFSʣ ৽ߏʢ,VCFBENʣ worker worker mycluster.example.com
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • "1*4FSWFSʹରͯ͠-#Λ࡞ • ,VCFSOFUFT UIF IBSEXBZͱಉ͡ʂ • ৽ߏʹ߹ΘͤͯυϝΠϯ໊Λ༩ •
NZDMVTUFSFYBNQMFDPN • ˠଓΤϥʔ -#Λ࡞Εղܾʁ LB worker چߏʢ3BODIFSʣվ mycluster.example.com
-:$PSQPSBUJPO 5-4ূ໌ॻͷ4"/ͷमਖ਼ • 5-4Ͱ4"/ʹ͋ΔυϝΠϯ໊ͷΈ௨৴Մ • 4"/4VCKFDU"MUFSOBUJWF/BNF • ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍ͱݕূΤϥʔͱͳΔ ˣ
• ৽ߏʹԊͬͨυϝΠϯ໊Λ4"/Ճ • 5-4ূ໌ॻͷߋ৽طଘػೳͰ࣮ݱ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCF "1*4FSWFSͷΤϯυϙΠϯτˡ-#ɾυϝΠϯ࡞ˍ4"/ͷमਖ਼ • $"ͷϋογϡˡ • ೝূ༻ͷ#PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯ ,VCFBEN
+PJOͷͨΊʹ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCFSOFUFTͰ௨৴ͷ҉߸ԽͷͨΊʹ5-4௨৴Λ׆༻ • ݪଇɺڞ௨ͷ$"Λ༻͍ͯαʔόʔΫϥΠΞϯτূ໌ॻΛੜ • ࣄલʹ͞Εͨ$"ূ໌ॻΛ༻͍ͯ௨৴Λݕূ • ֤OBNFTQBDFʹLVCFSPPUDBDSU $POGJH.BQͱͯ͠͞Ε͍ͯΔ
• ˢ͜ΕΛ༻͍ͯLVCFBEN༻ʹ$"ͷϋογϡΛੜ ,VCFSOFUFTͱ$"ূ໌ॻ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCF "1*4FSWFSͷΤϯυϙΠϯτˡ-#ɾυϝΠϯ࡞ˍ4"/ͷमਖ਼ • $"ͷϋογϡ ˡLVCFSPPUDBDSU$POGJH.BQ͔Βੜ • ೝূ༻ͷ#PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯ ˡ
,VCFBEN +PJOͷͨΊʹ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • Ϋϥελͷ࡞ϊʔυͷՃ༻ʹ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔೝূํࣜͷͨΊͷτʔΫϯ • BCDEFGBCDEFGͷΑ͏ͳܗࣜ • CPPUTUSBQLVCFSOFUFTJPUPLFO ܕͷ4FDSFUͱͯ͠ཧ • ҎԼͷϑϥάΛઃఆͯ͠༗ޮԽ
• LVCFBQJTFSWFSFOBCMFCPPUTUSBQUPLFOBVUI • LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFS DPOUSPMMFST UPLFODMFBOFS CPPUTUSBQTJHOFS #PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯͱ https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/bootstrap-tokens/
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • LVCFBEN UPLFODSFBUFίϚϯυͰ࡞Մ • ෦తʹ4FDSFUΛ࡞͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩ • ˠLVCFBENҎ֎Ͱ൚༻తʹར༻Ͱ͖Δ #PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯͷੜ
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/bootstrap-tokens/
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCF "1*4FSWFSͷΤϯυϙΠϯτˡ-#ɾυϝΠϯ࡞ˍ4"/ͷमਖ਼ • $"ͷϋογϡ ˡLVCFSPPUDBDSU$POGJH.BQ͔Βੜ • ೝূ༻ͷ#PPUTUSBQτʔΫϯ ˡ༗ޮԽˍLVCFBEN
UPLFODSFBUF ,VCFBEN +PJOͷͨΊʹ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBEN +PJO LVCFBEN KPJODPOpHSVOLVCFBENLVCFBENKPJODPOpHZBNM
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBEN +PJO ࣦഊʜ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 3#"$ͷઃఆ࿙Ε • 5-4#PPUTUSBQQJOH • ֤छઃఆ༻ͷ$POGJH.BQ • ʜ
Δ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • #PPUTUSBQ τʔΫϯͰೝূͰ͖Δ͚ͩͰಈ͔ͳ͍ • ೝՄઃఆඞཁ • /PEFҰཡͷऔಘ • $43ؔ࿈
3#"$ͷઃఆ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBENͷ3#"$ੜίʔυ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLVCFSOFUFTLVCFSOFUFTCMPCNBTUFSDNE LVCFBENBQQDNEQIBTFTJOJUCPPUTUSBQUPLFOHP
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 3#"$ͷઃఆ࿙Εˡ,VCFBENΛࢀߟʹ3PMFCJOEJOH࡞ • 5-4#PPUTUSBQQJOH • ֤छઃఆ༻ͷ$POGJH.BQʜ Δ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCFMFUΫϥΠΞϯτূ໌ॻΛ༻͍ͯ"1*4FSWFSͱN5-4Ͱ௨৴ • #PPUTUSBQUPLFOىಈ࣌ͷΈ༻ • ΫϥΠΞϯτূ໌ॻ$43"1*Λ༻͍ͯLVCFMFUࣗͰੜՄೳ • $43 $FSUJGJDBUF
4JHOJOH 3FRVFTU • ,5)8ͰखಈͰੜ • ैདྷΫϥελͰ༗ޮʹͳ͍ͬͯͳ͔ͬͨ • ,VCFBEN͚ʹ༗ޮԽ • LVCFDPOUSPMMFSNBOBHFSDMVTUFSTJHOJOHLFZGJMF DMVTUFSTJHOJOHDFSUGJMF $43ͱ,VCFMFUͷ5-4#PPUTUSBQQJOH https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 3#"$ͷઃఆ࿙Εˡ,VCFBENΛࢀߟʹ3PMFCJOEJOH࡞ • 5-4#PPUTUSBQQJOHˡ$43ͷ༗ޮԽ • ֤छઃఆ༻ͷ$POGJH.BQ • ʜ
Δ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ,VCFBENͷઃఆཧ • ઃఆϑΝΠϧΛ$POGJH.BQͱͯ͠ཧ • LVCFBENDPOGJH • LVCFMFUDPOGJH • LVCFQSPYZ
• طଘΫϥελͷઃఆΛݩʹੜ ,VCFBENʹ͓͚Δઃఆཧ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • 3#"$ͷઃఆ࿙Εˡ,VCFBENΛࢀߟʹ3PMFCJOEJOH࡞ • 5-4#PPUTUSBQQJOHˡ$43ͷ༗ޮԽ • ֤छઃఆ༻ͷ$POGJH.BQˡطଘΫϥελͷઃఆΛݩʹੜ • ʜ
Δ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ,VCFBEN KPJO༻ͷઃఆϑΝΠϧ४උ • apiserver endpoint • CA ハッシュ
• Bootstrapトークン • ͦͷଞඞཁͳௐ • RBAC • Certificate Signing Request API • 設定⽤ConfigMap • … ·ͱΊɿ8PSLFS/PEFՃʹඞཁͳमਖ਼
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ҟͳΔઃఆͷίϯϙʔωϯτߋ৽ • 3BODIFS SLF ˠ,VCFBEN • ϊʔυΛ̍ͭͣͭೖΕସ͑ •
࠷ऴతʹશͯͷϊʔυɾίϯϙʔωϯτΛߋ৽ ઓུɿϊʔυΛͭͣͭೖΕସ͑Δ ࠶ܝ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO $POUSPM1MBOFϊʔυΛೖΕସ͑Δʹʁ Control Plane Worker Control Plane Control Plane
Worker Worker
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ൿີݤɾূ໌ॻͷෳ • FUDEͷϝϯόʔཧ • ʜ $POUSPM1MBOFϊʔυՃͷ՝
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • σϑΥϧτಈ࡞Ͱ ,VCFBEN͕ࣗূ໌ॻɾൿີݤΛੜ • ࢦఆύεʹஔ͢Δ͜ͱͰ$"ূ໌ॻΛ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • طଘΫϥελ͚ͷূ໌ॻɾൿີݤΛίϐʔ • σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯຖʹཧํ๏͕ҟͳΔ
• $MVTUFS"1*Ͱ.BOBHFNFOU$MVTUFSʹ໋໊نଇʹԊͬͯ4FDSFUΛ࡞Ε0, ,VCFBENͱূ໌ॻɾൿີݤ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ൿີݤɾূ໌ॻͷෳˡطଘΫϥελ͔Βίϐʔ • FUDEͷϝϯόʔཧ • ʜ $POUSPM1MBOFϊʔυՃͷ՝
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • $POUSPM1MBOF /PEFͷՃɺআ࣌ʹFUDEΫϥελΛૢ࡞͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ • ৽نϝϯόʔͷՃ࣌FUDEͷىಈ࣌ʹطଘϝϯόʔͷΤϯυϙΠϯτࢦఆ • طଘϝϯόʔͷআ࣌ରϝϯόʔΛΫϥελ͔Βআ • FUDEͷΤϯυϙΠϯτ͕Θ͔Βͳ͚Εૢ࡞Ͱ͖ͳ͍
• ˠͲ͏ͬͯϝϯόʔͷΤϯυϙΠϯτΛཧ͢Δʁ &UDEϝϯόʔཧͷඞཁੑ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • FUDELVCFMFU TUBUJDQPEͱ࣮ͯ͠ߦ • )PTU/FUXPSLϞʔυ • ,VCFSOFUFT"1*ܦ༝Ͱใऔಘ • -BCFMͰFUDE
1PETΛࣝผ • DPNQPOFOUFUDE • UJFSDPOUSPMQMBOF • ΤϯυϙΠϯτ1PEͷ"OOPUBUJPOʹ֨ೲ • kubeadm.kubernetes.io/etcd.advertise-client-urls ैདྷͷ&UDEϝϯόʔཧ control-1 (IP: 10.0.0.1) containerd kubelet 通常Pod etcd Pod listen at 10.0.0.1:2379
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ैདྷʢ3BODIFSʣ%PDLFSίϯςφͱͯ͠ FUDEΛ࣮ߦ • )PTUOFUXPSLϞʔυ • FUDE%PDLFSίϯςφ3BODIFS͕ཧ • ,VCFSOFUFT
"1*͔ΒFUDEίϯςφ ૢ࡞औಘͰ͖ͳ͍ ैདྷͷ&UDEϝϯόʔཧ ཧ control-1 (IP: 10.0.0.1) containerd kubelet 通常Pod Etcd コンテナ Docker listen at 10.0.0.1:2379
-:$PSQPSBUJPO μϛʔ1PEʹΑΔFUDEϝϯόʔใͷࠂ &UDEϝϯόʔཧͷղܾࡦ ཧ control-1 (IP: 10.0.0.1) containerd kubelet
ダミー etcd Pod Etcd コンテナ Docker listen at 10.0.0.1:2379
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • ൿີݤɾূ໌ॻͷෳˡطଘΫϥελ͔Βίϐʔ • FUDEͷϝϯόʔཧˡμϛʔ1PEΛஔ • ʜ ·ͱΊ$POUSPM1MBOFϊʔυՃͷ՝
-:$PSQPSBUJPO Ҡߦྃ Control Plane Worker Control Plane Control Plane
Worker Worker
-:$PSQPSBUJPO l ΦϖϨʔγϣϯͷࣗಈԽɾίϯτϩʔϥʔԽɾ"1*Խ l 3BODIFS$MVTUFS"1*ίϯτϩʔϥͱͷڠௐಈ࡞ l Ҡߦதͷૢ࡞ͷࢭ l ,VCFBENઃఆϑΝΠϧͷੜ l
ࡉ͔͍ΧελϜػೳͷରԠ l ࢹγεςϜͷҠߦ l ʜ ͦͷଞͷ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO • σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯʹґΒͣLVCFSOFUFTͷجຊίϯϙʔωϯτڞ௨ • LVCFBQJTFSWFS LVCFMFU FUD • खಈͰઃఆ͢ΕҟͳΔσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯΛҠߦ͢Δ͜ͱՄೳ •
l,VCFSOFUFTUIF )BSE8BZz͠·͠ΐ͏ ·ͱΊ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ‒ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNLFMTFZIJHIUPXFSLVCFSOFUFTUIFIBSEXBZ ‒ IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFTFUVQUPPMTLVCFBENJNQMFNFOUBUJPOEFUBJMT ‒ IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTSFGFSFODFBDDFTTBVUIOBVUI[ • "VUIFOUJDBUJOHXJUI#PPUTUSBQ5PLFOT •
$FSUJGJDBUF4JHOJOH3FRVFTUT • 5-4CPPUTUSBQQJOH ࢀߟϦϯΫ
-:$PSQPSBUJPO 5IBOLZPV
-:$PSQPSBUJPO ɿσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯຖͷҧ͍ ,VCFBEN ,5)8 3BODIFS3,& ,VCFMFU࣮ߦڥ 4ZTUFNE 6OJU QBDLBHF 4ZTUFNE
6OJU TFMGCJOBSZ %PDLFSίϯςφ BQJTFSWFS࣮ߦڥ LVCFMFU TUBUJD QPE 4ZTUFNE 6OJU TFMGCJOBSZ %PDLFSίϯςφ LVCF QSPYZ࣮ߦڥ %BFNPOTFU %BFNPOTFU %PDLFSίϯςφ BQJTFSWFSˠFUDE௨৴ MPDBMIPTUͷΈ શϝϯόʔྻڍ MPDBMIPTUͷΈ ,VCFMFUˠBQJTFSWFS௨৴ -#ܦ༝ -# *1 "EESFTT ܦ༝ ,VCFMFU༻ূ໌ॻੜ खಈੜ ίϯτϩʔϥͰੜ