Defense talk: Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing

Defense talk

Transcript

1. 1 Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing Sept. 7th, 2016 Yuhao Zhu Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of Texas at Austin Advisor: Vijay Janapa Reddi
2. 2 1990 HTML The Web Evolution
3. 2 1990 HTML The Web Evolution
4. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript The Web Evolution
5. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web The Web Evolution
6. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web The Web Evolution
7. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web The Web Evolution Functionality
8. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web The Web Evolution Functionality Performance
9. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web 2016 Watt Wise Web The Web Evolution Functionality Performance Energy
10. 2 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web 2016 Watt Wise Web The Web Evolution Functionality Performance Energy
11. 3 Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
12. 0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
13. 0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Mobile Desktop Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop
14. 0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Mobile Desktop Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop When the work started
15. 0 30 60 90 120 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3 Source: BIA/Kelsey Search Volume (B) Mobile Desktop Web: Mobile Overtaking Desktop When the work started
16. 4 Web ≈ Mobile Web
17. 5 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client
18. 5 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cloud Web Servers
19. 5 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cloud Web Servers Cellular Network
20. 5 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cloud Web Servers Cellular Network
21. 5 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cloud Web Servers Cellular Network [MICRO 2015] (Top Picks Honorable Mention)
22. 6 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cellular Network
23. 6 The Scope of Mobile Web Mobile Client Cellular Network
24. 7 Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue? Mobile Client Cellular Network
25. 38 32 26 20 14 8 2 Load time (s) 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1000 2 Network RTT (ms) 8 Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue?
26. 38 32 26 20 14 8 2 Load time (s) 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1000 2 Network RTT (ms) 8 Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue? ▸ Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone. ▸ Hot webpages from Alexa1. ▸ Time measured using Navigation Timing API2. 1. http://www.alexa.com/ 2. https://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing-2/
27. 38 32 26 20 14 8 2 Load time (s) 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1000 2 Network RTT (ms) 8 LTE 3G Adverse 3G 2G Wi-Fi Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue? ▸ Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone. ▸ Hot webpages from Alexa1. ▸ Time measured using Navigation Timing API2. 1. http://www.alexa.com/ 2. https://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing-2/
28. 38 32 26 20 14 8 2 Load time (s) 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1000 2 Network RTT (ms) 8 LTE 3G Adverse 3G 2G Wi-Fi Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue? ▸ Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone. ▸ Hot webpages from Alexa1. ▸ Time measured using Navigation Timing API2. 1. http://www.alexa.com/ 2. https://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing-2/
29. 38 32 26 20 14 8 2 Load time (s) 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1000 2 Network RTT (ms) 8 LTE 3G Adverse 3G 2G Wi-Fi Isn’t Mobile Web a Network Issue? ▸ Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone. ▸ Hot webpages from Alexa1. ▸ Time measured using Navigation Timing API2. 1. http://www.alexa.com/ 2. https://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing-2/
30. 9 Mobile Web is also a Compute Issue! Mobile Client Cellular Network
31. 9 Mobile Web is also a Compute Issue! Mobile Client Cellular Network My Work
32. 10 Traditional Approach
33. 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render
34. 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application
35. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application
36. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture
37. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture ▸ Voltage/frequency scaling on general-purpose processors
38. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Inputs Architecture ▸ Voltage/frequency scaling on general-purpose processors
39. ▸ Parallelize browser computation ▸ Ignored! 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Inputs Architecture ▸ Voltage/frequency scaling on general-purpose processors
40. ▸ Parallelize browser computation ▸ Ignored! 10 Traditional Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Inputs Architecture ▸ Voltage/frequency scaling on general-purpose processors ▸ End of Dennard Scaling! ▸ Diminishing return
41. ▸ Parallelize browser computation ▸ Ignored! 11 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Inputs Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture
42. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 11 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Inputs Architecture ▸ Lost page-level diversity ▸ Lost user QoS requirements WebCore Web-specific Architecture
43. ▸ Parallelize browser computation 11 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture ▸ Lost page-level diversity ▸ Lost user QoS requirements WebCore Web-specific Architecture
44. 12 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions
45. 12 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions Runtime
46. 12 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions Runtime
47. 12 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions Runtime
48. WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime 12 My Approach Frameworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Application Architecture WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions Runtime
49. Runtime 13 My Approach Architecture Application WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions
50. Runtime 13 My Approach Architecture Application My Dissertation Work WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions [PLDI 2016] [ISCA 2014] [HPCA 2013] [HPCA 2015] [CAL 2014] (Best of CAL)
51. Thesis Statement 14
52. Thesis Statement 14 Future mobile Web systems can achieve energy-efficiency without sacrificing responsiveness by incorporating:
53. Thesis Statement 14 ▸ Programming language annotations to convey user QoS information ▸ Runtime scheduling mechanisms to exploit heterogeneous hardware ▸ Hardware accelerators specialized for the key computation kernel Future mobile Web systems can achieve energy-efficiency without sacrificing responsiveness by incorporating:
54. Runtime 15 My Approach Architecture Application My Dissertation Work WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions
55. Runtime 15 My Approach Architecture Application My Dissertation Work WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions
56. Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 16 [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
57. Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 16 Percentage (%) 0 25 50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
58. Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 16 Percentage (%) 0 25 50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
59. Energy Concern Among Mobile Developers 16 Percentage (%) 0 25 50 75 100 Mobile Desktop Data Center Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “My applications have requirements about energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
60. Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 17 [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
61. Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 17 Percentage (%) 0 25 50 75 100 Mobile Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “I'm willing to sacrifice performance, etc. for reduced energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
62. Developers are Willing to Make Trade-offs 17 Percentage (%) 0 25 50 75 100 Mobile Never/Rarely Sometimes Often/Almost Always “I'm willing to sacrifice performance, etc. for reduced energy usage.” [ICSE 2016] Manotas et al., “An Empirical Study of Practitioners’ Perspectives on Green Software Engineering”
63. Energy-efficiency 18
64. Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency 18
65. Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency Conflicting requirements 18
66. Quality-of-service Energy-efficiency Conflicting requirements 19 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing
67. 20 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing
68. GreenWeb 20 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing
69. 21 GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
70. 21 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS constraints GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
71. 21 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS constraints ▸ Result in 60% energy savings on real hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
72. 21 ▸ Runtime the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS
73. 22 What is QoS in mobile Web?
74. 23 Understanding Mobile Web QoS
75. 23 Performance QoS Experience Understanding Mobile Web QoS
76. 23 Performance QoS Experience [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS
77. 23 Performance QoS Experience [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
78. 23 Performance QoS Experience Unusable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
79. 23 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow
80. 23 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow Diminishing Returns
81. 23 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.” Understanding Mobile Web QoS Too slow Diminishing Returns
82. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
83. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
84. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
85. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
86. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS “Negative” Energy consumption Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
87. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
88. 24 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Understanding Mobile Web QoS Energy [OSDI 1996] Y. Endo et al., “Using Latency to Evaluate Interactive System Performance.”
89. 25 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web QoS
90. 25 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput
91. 25 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput QoS Type
92. 25 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput ▸ Threshold performance values ▹ Imperceptible target vs. Usable target QoS Type
93. 25 Performance QoS Experience Unusable Tolerable Imperceptible Abstracting Mobile Web QoS ▸ Performance metric ▹ Frame latency vs. Frame throughput ▸ Threshold performance values ▹ Imperceptible target vs. Usable target QoS Type QoS Target
94. 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS
95. <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS
96. <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element
97. <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element event
98. <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS element event
99. <html> <head> <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> 26 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Expressing QoS at an event granularity element event
100. <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event
101. <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend
102. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
103. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
104. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
105. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
106. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
107. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
108. { : Type, Target} <script> function animateMove() { /* Animation code omitted */ } </script> </head> <body> <div ontouchend=“animateMove()”> <div/> <!— other elements --> </body> </html> <style> </style> <html> <head> 27 Expressing Mobile Web QoS Annotation function newAnimateMove() { /* New animation code */ } Implementation independent Non-interfering w.r.t. functionality element event div { } ontouchend: throughput, low;
109. 28 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Manual Annotation
110. 28 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic Annotation?
111. 28 Original application GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic Annotation? ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations
112. 28 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Automatic Annotation? ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations DOM Tree
113. ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 29 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process
114. ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 29 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process Callback Instrumentation
115. ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 29 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process QoS Information Event Profiling Callback Instrumentation
116. ▸ AutoGreen: automatically reasons about and inserts GreenWeb annotations 29 GreenWeb- annotated application GreenWeb Annotation Process QoS Information Event Profiling Annotation Generation Callback Instrumentation
117. ▸ Language abstractions for expressing QoS 30 ▸ Runtime the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
118. ▸ Language abstractions 30 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
119. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview
120. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event
121. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event QoS Annotations
122. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective QoS Annotations
123. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
124. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
125. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
126. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
127. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms throughput 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
128. QoS type: latency QoS target: 16 ms throughput 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective
129. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective QoS target: 2 s
130. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Runtime Objective 2 s QoS target: 2 s
131. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently { Runtime Objective 2 s QoS target: 2 s
132. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Frame Association { Runtime Objective 1 2 s
133. 31 GreenWeb Runtime Overview Frame Event Frame Frame Time Event Frame 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms Enforcing event-level QoS at the frame-level energy-efficiently Frame Association Frame Scheduling { Runtime Objective 1 2 2 s
134. 32 Frame Association Scripting Style Layout Paint Composite Frame Event
135. 33 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Event
136. 33 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event
137. 33 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Main Thread Compositor Thread
138. 33 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Main Thread Compositor Thread IPC Inter-thread Message
139. 34 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Frame S S L P C
140. 34 Frame Association S S L P C Frame Browser Process Renderer Process GPU Process Event Frame S S L P C Distribute QoS information along with the communication messages
141. Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 35 GreenWeb can support a range of energy saving techniques
142. Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 35 GreenWeb can support a range of energy saving techniques ▹Dynamic resolution scaling [MobiCom 2015] ▹Power-saving display colors [MobiSys 2012] ▹Selective resource loading [NSDI 2015]
143. Choices of Energy-saving Techniques 35 GreenWeb can support a range of energy saving techniques ▹Dynamic resolution scaling [MobiCom 2015] ▹Power-saving display colors [MobiSys 2012] ▹Selective resource loading [NSDI 2015] ▹ACMP-based hardware mechanism (WebRT)
144. Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor 36
145. Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor 36 ▸ Offer a large performance-energy trade-off space
146. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor 36 ▸ Offer a large performance-energy trade-off space
147. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor 36 ▸ Offer a large performance-energy trade-off space Frequency Levels
148. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core Asymmetric Chip-multiprocessor 36 ▸ Offer a large performance-energy trade-off space ▸ Already used in commodity devices (e.g., Samsung Galaxy S6) Frequency Levels
149. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 37 ▸Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints Frequency Levels
150. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 37 ▸Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints div {ontouchend: latency, 16 ms} Frequency Levels
151. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 37 ▸Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints 16 ms div {ontouchend: latency, 16 ms}
152. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 37 ▸Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints
153. Energy Consumption Performance Big Core Small Core ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 37 ▸Provide just enough energy to meet QoS constraints Predict the performance and energy of each configuration!
154. Different Strategies for Different Events 38 Loading Touching Moving Events
155. Different Strategies for Different Events 38 Loading Touching Moving Events Once per usage session
156. Different Strategies for Different Events 38 Loading Touching Moving Events Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component
157. Different Strategies for Different Events 38 Loading Touching Moving Events Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component Repetitive in a usage session
158. Different Strategies for Different Events 38 Loading Touching Moving Events Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component Adaptive Mechanism
159. 39 Loading Touching Moving Events Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component Adaptive Mechanism Different Strategies for Different Events
160. 40 Breaking Down the Computations 40
161. 40 Breaking Down the Computations HTML (Structure) CSS (Style) 40
162. 40 Breaking Down the Computations Tag Attribute HTML (Structure) CSS (Style) 40
163. 40 Breaking Down the Computations Tag Attribute HTML (Structure) CSS (Style) Selector Property 40
164. 40 Breaking Down the Computations DOM Tree Tag Attribute HTML (Structure) CSS (Style) Selector Property 40
165. 40 Breaking Down the Computations DOM Tree Tag Attribute HTML (Structure) CSS (Style) Selector Property 40 Web Primitives
166. Predicting Loading Performance & Energy 41 Idea: predict load time & energy (responses) based on Web primitives (predictors)
167. Predicting Loading Performance & Energy 41 Identify Predictors Training using top 2,500 webpages Predictors (HTML, CSS) Responses (Time, Energy)
168. Predicting Loading Performance & Energy 41 Identify Predictors Training using top 2,500 webpages Model Construction & Refinement Refine the linear model Predictors (HTML, CSS) Responses (Time, Energy) Mitigate Over-fitting Model Non-Linearity Linear Regression
169. Predicting Loading Performance & Energy 41 Identify Predictors Training using top 2,500 webpages Model Construction & Refinement Refine the linear model Model Validation Validating on another 2,500 webpages Predictors (HTML, CSS) Responses (Time, Energy) Mitigate Over-fitting Model Non-Linearity Linear Regression Loading Time Model Energy Model
170. 42 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 performance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 energy Median prediction error is less than 5% Predicting Loading Performance & Energy
171. 43 Loading Touching Moving Interactions Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component Adaptive Mechanism Different Strategies for Different Events
172. 43 Loading Touching Moving Interactions Proactive Mechanism WebRT Component Adaptive Mechanism Different Strategies for Different Events
173. Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
174. Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = Tmemory + [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
175. Tcpu Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = Tmemory + [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
176. Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
177. Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy =
178. Energy Consumption Performance ACMP-based GreenWeb Runtime 44 Execution Time = Tmemory + Ncycles / f [PLDI 2003] Xie, et al., “Compile-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling Settings: Opportunities and Limits” Energy = Execution Time x Power
179. ▸ Language abstractions 45 ▸ Runtime that saves energy while meeting the QoS constraints ▸ Result hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
180. ▸ Language abstractions 45 ▸ Runtime the QoS constraints ▸ Result in 60% energy savings on real hardware/software implementations GreenWeb: Language for Energy-Efficiency
181. Real Hardware/Software Setup 46 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4.
182. Real Hardware/Software Setup 46 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4. Little core cluster: ARM Cortex A7, In-order with 2 issue Big core cluster: ARM Cortex A15, OoO with 3 issue Overhead: ▸ Frequency switch: 100 us ▸ Core migration: 20 us
183. Real Hardware/Software Setup 47 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4. Implementation incorporated into Chrome running on Android. Little core cluster: ARM Cortex A7, In-order with 2 issue Big core cluster: ARM Cortex A15, OoO with 3 issue Overhead: ▸ Frequency switch: 100 us ▸ Core migration: 20 us
184. Real Hardware/Software Setup 47 ODroid XU+E development board, which contains an Exynos 5410 SoC used in Samsung Galaxy S4. Implementation incorporated into Chrome running on Android. UI-level record and replay for reproducibility. [ISPASS’15] Little core cluster: ARM Cortex A7, In-order with 2 issue Big core cluster: ARM Cortex A15, OoO with 3 issue Overhead: ▸ Frequency switch: 100 us ▸ Core migration: 20 us
185. Power and Energy Measurements 48 + - Vin+ Vin- Vout GND Sense resistor 15mΩ SoC ARM Cortex A9 VRM Gain x50 Probe Data Acquisition (DAQ) Power = (Vin + - Vin -) / Rsense * Vin -
186. Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 49 49
187. Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 49 ▸Metrics ▹Energy Saving ▹QoS Violation 49
188. Evaluation ▸Baseline Mechanisms ▹Highest performance (Perf) — Standard to guarantee responsiveness ▹Interactive governor (Interactive) — Android default 49 ▸Metrics ▹Energy Saving ▹QoS Violation 49 ▸Applications ▹Top webpages (e.g., www.amazon.com) ▹Web Apps based on popular frameworks (e.g., Todo List)
189. 50 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
190. 51 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
191. 52 Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf Evaluation Results
192. 53 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf
193. Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf 54 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN No QoS Violations
194. Norm. Energy 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN GreenWeb Interactive Perf 54 Evaluation Results QoS Violations (%) 0.0 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo CNet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN 29.2% - 66.0% energy savings, 0.8% more QoS violations No QoS Violations
195. Architecture Configuration Distribution 55 100 80 60 40 20 0 Time Distribution (%) CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo Cnet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN A15 A7 GHz 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
196. Architecture Configuration Distribution 55 100 80 60 40 20 0 Time Distribution (%) CamanJS Craigslist Paperjs Goo Google Todo Cnet BBC LZMA-JS Amazon W3School MSN A15 A7 GHz 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
197. 56 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing
198. 56 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints
199. 56 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints Runtime Satisfy QoS specifications using energy saving techniques
200. 56 GreenWeb Programming language support for balancing energy-efficiency and QoS in mobile Web computing Abstraction Express QoS constraints Runtime Satisfy QoS specifications using energy saving techniques Effect Significant energy savings
201. Runtime 57 My Approach Architecture Application WebRT Energy-aware Web Runtime WebCore Web-specific Architecture GreenWeb Language Extensions My Dissertation Work
202. 58 Execution Time Energy General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture
203. 58 Execution Time Energy General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture Diminishing return
204. 58 Execution Time Energy ASIC? General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture
205. 58 Execution Time Energy ASIC? Extremely challenging ‣Chrome: 17M LoC, 29 languages ▹ c.f., H264 codec: 0.13M LoC, 6 languages ‣Code base is very irregular ▹ Not amenable to traditional specialization General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture
206. 58 Execution Time Energy ASIC? General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture Goal
207. 58 Execution Time Energy ??? ASIC? General-Purpose Designs WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture Goal
208. WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture 59 Execution Time Energy General-Purpose Designs Goal
209. WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture 59 Execution Time Energy General-Purpose Designs Customization Goal
210. WebCore: a Web-Specific Mobile Architecture 59 Execution Time Energy General-Purpose Designs Customization Specialization Goal
211. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60
212. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 10% 13% 17% 25% 35% Render Style Other Layout DOM 12% 14% 16% 18% 40% Render Style Other Layout DOM Execution time breakdown Energy breakdown
213. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 10% 13% 17% 25% 35% Render Style Other Layout DOM 12% 14% 16% 18% 40% Render Style Other Layout DOM Execution time breakdown Energy breakdown
214. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}}
215. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}}
216. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}} Rule-level Parallelism (RLP)
217. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}} Rule-level Parallelism (RLP)
218. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}} Rule-level Parallelism (RLP) Property-level Parallelism (PLP)
219. Specialization Target: Style Resolution Kernel 60 for (each rule in matchedRules) { for (each property in rule) { switch (property.id) { case Font: Style[Font] = Handler(property.value, DOMNode); break; case N: ...}}} Rule-level Parallelism (RLP) Property-level Parallelism (PLP) ▸ Exploiting the parallelism to increase the arithmetic intensity ▸ Move operands closer to operations to sustain the computations
220. ... ... Rule j ... ... Prop l ... ... Rule i.id ... Prop m ... Prop k ... Rule j.id ... ... ... ... ... start end start end Rule i Prop k Prop m Prop m Prop l Style l Style m Style k Style Resolution Unit 61 Prop m Prop m 61 Input Scratchpad Conflict Resolution Output Scratchpad Compute Lanes
221. Evaluation Results 62
222. Evaluation Results 62 ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain
223. Evaluation Results 62 ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
224. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
225. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) A15-like design ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
226. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) A15-like design Customization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
227. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) 18.6% A15-like design Customization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
228. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) 18.6% 22.2% A15-like design Customization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
229. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) 18.6% 22.2% A15-like design Customization Specialization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
230. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) 18.6% 22.2% 22.2% A15-like design Customization Specialization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
231. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) 18.6% 22.2% 9.2% 22.2% A15-like design Customization Specialization ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
232. Evaluation Results 62 0.55 0.688 0.825 0.963 1.1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 Energy (J) Load Time (s) A15-like design Customization Specialization 29.2% 47.0% ▸Fully synthesized using Synopsys 28 nm toolchain ▸Cost of specialization: 0.59 mm2 area overhead ▹ SoC die area is 122 mm2 in Samsung Galaxy S4 ▹ A15s’ area: 19 mm2
233. Retrospective: Three Principles Learnt 63 Runtime Application Architecture
234. Retrospective: Three Principles Learnt 63 Runtime Application Architecture ▸ General-purpose vs. Specialization
235. Retrospective: Three Principles Learnt 63 Runtime Application Architecture ▸ Exploiting Application Diversity ▸ General-purpose vs. Specialization
236. Retrospective: Three Principles Learnt 63 Runtime Application Architecture ▸ Empowering Web Developers ▸ Exploiting Application Diversity ▸ General-purpose vs. Specialization
237. 64 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web 2016 Watt Wise Web The Web Evolution
238. 64 1990 HTML 1996 JavaScript 2008 Mobile Web 2012 Responsive Web 2016 Watt Wise Web The Web Evolution ???
241. 65 Franeworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Franeworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Franeworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Franeworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render Franeworks and Libraries HTML JavaScript CSS Language Runtime Styling Security Local Storage User Input Layout Render
242. 66 wattwiseweb.org
243. Thank you!
244. [ACM Queue] Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “The Red future of Mobile Web Computing” [PLDI 2016] Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “GreenWeb: Language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing” [HPCA 2015] Yuhao Zhu, Matthew Halpern, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “Event- Based Scheduling for Energy-Efficient QoS (eQoS) in Mobile Web Applications” [HPCA 2013] Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Browsing on Big/Little Systems” [CAL 2012] Yuhao Zhu, Aditya Srikanth, Jingwen Leng, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “Exploiting Webpage Characteristics for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Browsing” (Best of CAL) [ISCA 2014] Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “WebCore: Architectural Support for Mobile Web Browsing” [IEEE MICRO 2015] Yuhao Zhu, Matthew Halpern, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “The Role of the CPU in Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Browsing” [HPCA 2016] Matthew Halpern, Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “Mobile CPU’s Rise to Power: Quantifying the Impact of Generational Mobile CPU Design Trends on Performance, Energy, and User Satisfaction” GreenWeb WebRT WebCore Motivational Studies Future Web
245. [DAC 2011] Yuhao Zhu, Yangdong Deng, Yubei Chen, “Hermes: An Integrated CPU/GPU Microarchitecture for IP Routing.” [DAC 2010] Bo Wang, Yuhao Zhu, Yangdong Deng, “Distributed Time, Conservative Parallel Logic Simulation on GPUs.” [TODAES 2011] Yuhao Zhu, Bo Wang, Yangdong Deng, “Massively Parallel Logic Simulation with GPUs.” [ISPASS 2015] Matthew Halpern, Yuhao Zhu, Ramesh Peri, and Vijay Janapa Reddi, “Mosaic: Cross-platform User-interaction Record and Replay for the Fragmented Android Ecosystem.” [IRPS 2014] Chen Zhou, Xiaofei Wang, Weichao Xu, Yuhao Zhu, Vijay Janapa Reddi, Chris Kim, “Estimation of Instantaneous Frequency Fluctuation in a Fast DVFS Environment Using an Empirical BTI Stress- Relaxation Model.” GPGPU & IP Routing Architecture Tools Reliability [MICRO 2015] Yuhao Zhu, Daniel Richins, Matthew Halpern, Vijay Janapa Reddi, “Microarchitectural Implications of Event-driven Server- side Web Applications” (Top Picks Honorable Mention) Server Microarch
246. Coursework 70 Name Instructor Semester SUP Grade COMPILERS Keshav Pingali Fall 2010 A ADV EMBED MICROCONTROL SYS Mark McDermott Spring 2011 A- MEMORY MANAGEMENT Kathryn McKinley Spring 2011 Y A VLSI I Jacob Abraham Fall 2011 A- COMP ARCH: PARALLISM/LOCLTY Mattan Erez Fall 2011 A MICROARCHITECTURE Yale Patt Spring 2012 B DYNAMIC COMPILATION Vijay Janapa Reddi Spring 2012 A- COMP PERF EVAL/BENCHMARKING Lizy John Fall 2012 B+ PARALLEL COMP ARCHITECTURE Derek Chiou Spring 2013 B+ HUMAN COMPUT & CROWDSRCING Matt Lease Fall 2015 Y A-