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Migrating Spring Boot to Quarkus, Challenge Acc...

Migrating Spring Boot to Quarkus, Challenge Accepted!

Many development teams using Spring Boot are evaluating Quarkus as an alternative. They come for the speed and they stay for the productivity. We will show an example of how to migrate the Spring Boot sample app, "Pet-Clinic" (REST), to Quarkus and how the lessons learned landed in the Migration Toolkit for Applications to make life easier for other developers doing this migration.

Red Hat Livestreaming

December 15, 2020
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  1. Contents 1. who are we? 2. what can you expect?

    3. what is quarkus? 4. why migrate? 5. migration a. application description b. steps 6. performance comparative 7. references
  2. $ whoami @vilojona [email protected] aytartana.wordpress.com github.com/jonathanvila Java Champion JUG co-leader

    at BarcelonaJUG Co-founder of JBCNConf Software Engineer at Red Hat App. Modernisation and Migration team
  3. About: 4 Miguel Pérez Colino • Product Manager for MTA

    • ~9 years in Red Hat ◦ Consultant (~3) ◦ Solution Architect (~2) • Technical Project Leader • IT Architect • Systems Engineer • SysAdmin @mmmmmmpc ?
  4. What can you expect ? My experience v 2.2.5 v

    1.7.0 opinionated option magistral lecture something that works THE way QUARKUS
  5. What is Quarkus ? A Kubernetes Native, Java, Scala, Kotlin

    stack tailored for GraalVM and OpenJDK HotSpot crafted from the best of breed Java libraries and standards.
  6. 300x faster 10x smaller focused on easy to code opensource

    fast paced releases tons of extensions Quarkus key facts
  7. Quarkus extensions ( > 90 ) Kafka Camel Keycloak Spring

    Vert.x RestEasy …. Microprofile Openshift Jaegger Flyway Hibernate Infinispan ...
  8. Quarkus evolution 2018-12 v 0.0.1 2019-06 v 0.15.0 2019-11 v

    1.0.0 Release 2020-01 v 1.2.0 1 minor version every 2 weeks !!! (+/-)
  9. Why to migrate My experience easy to develop with an

    easy CDI, REST, … long startup times, eternal tests heavyweight too many things happen under the hood easy to develop applications fast lightweight GraalVM compatible QUARKUS ✅ FaaS compatible ( lambdas ) ✅ less money on public cloud
  10. Application migrated Spring Data ( repositories, jdbc , ... )

    Spring Web ( REST ) Spring Security Spring documentation ( Swagger ) Spring actuators Spring micrometer Spring CDI Spring AOP Spring cache Hibernate Panache JaxRS Quarkus Security OpenAPI SmallRye Health Microprofile Metrics CDI Spec ( Arc ) --- Quarkus cache ( Caffeine ) QUARKUS
  11. Elements not migrated Spring JDBC querying * no helper methods

    to work with Inserts, Updates…. * no equivalent to org.springframework.jdbc.core classes * we need to reimplement everything using AGROAL JMX * not supported by GraalVM definition
  12. CDI • Replace Autowired by Inject • Beans declaration using

    @ApplicationScoped • Auto injection on Constructors • Lazy by default
  13. CDI PROs • straight forward migration for Beans • no

    feature missing • we also can annotate the beans to be injected depending on the profile or a config property CONs • no private members on injection
  14. JPA Repositories • Repository classes to implement PanacheRepositoryBase<T, Integer> Quarkus

    will generate the implementation of the usual methods : list , find, persist, delete
  15. Spring REST to JAX-RS • Move from Spring REST to

    the standard JAX-RS @RestController @RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping @PathVariable @Path @GET, @POST, @PUT @DELETE @PathParam QUARKUS
  16. Spring REST to JAX-RS PROs • straightforward migration INFO •

    Spring also supports JAX-RS as 3rd party lib
  17. Spring REST JDBC Security to Elytron JDBC realm Add extension

    dependency : elytron-security-jdbc Configure on properties file and remove configureGlobal method
  18. Spring REST Security to Quarkus security PROs • Almost the

    same result • By configuration rather than code CONs • Quarkus doesn’t have an expression language
  19. CORS PROs • easy to enable , no code involved

    CONs • at global level, not per Controller
  20. Metrics • Add smallRye metrics extension • Annotate each method

    ( for custom metrics ) Micrometer compatibility quarkus.smallrye-metrics.micrometer.compatibility=true
  21. Metrics PROs • OpenMetrics standard naming or Micrometer, you choose

    • You can even use Micrometer extension CONs • no AOP so you need to annotate every method
  22. Validation • Spring Validation to Hibernate Validator • Move from

    @ControllerAdvice to JAX-RS ExceptionMapper
  23. Swagger ( OpenAPI v 3.0 ) PROs • straightforward migration

    • standard and easy way to configure • Swagger-UI OOTB CONs • not REST paths scan configuration
  24. AOP for app metrics PROs • standard • easy to

    customise CONs • need to annotate ALL methods one by one for custom app metrics • no expression language to define methods affected
  25. Local caching • Spring uses a default ConcurrentHashMap • Caffeine

    uses a ConcurrentLinkedHashMap • Add “cache” extension ( Caffeine ) and annotate the method
  26. Local Caching PROs • easy to implement and configure •

    straightforward migration CONs • none
  27. Test REST PROs • RESTassured is easy to handle and

    very intuitive CONs • No way to simulate Roles without creating an user for each role to test INFO • Changed JSonPath to GPath
  28. Test - resources • Annotate test suites with @QuarkusTest to

    boot the app • Annotate test suites with @QuarkusTestResource to load an embedded resource
  29. Spring WEB ( REST) : spring-web extension Using same Spring

    API for REST Supported Annotations @RestController @RequestMapping @GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping @PatchMapping @RequestParam @RequestHeader @MatrixVariable @PathVariable @CookieValue @RequestBody @ResponseStatus @ExceptionHandler
  30. Spring DI : spring-di extension Using same API as Spring

    DI Annotations Supported @Autowired @Repository @Qualifier @Scope @Value @Component * doesn’t support an expression language @Configuration @Service @Bean
  31. Spring Data : spring-data-jpa Using same API for Spring Data

    Supported Any interface of : Repository, CrudRepository, PagingAndSortingRepository, JpaRepository Derived Query Methods User defined Queries Not Supported Invocations to any method of QueryByExampleExecutor QueryDSL
  32. Spring Security: spring-security extension Using same API as Spring Security

    Annotations Supported @Secured @Preauthorized Expressions allowed hasAnyRole permitAll denyAll isAnonymous isAuthenticated #paramName ==
  33. Performance comparative (shallow) SPRING BOOT 2.2.5 QUARKUS Hotspot 1.8 QUARKUS

    GraalVM 20.1 build ( uber-jar ) 4.3 s 48 Mb 13 s 42 Mb 185 s 97 Mb boot 6.8 s 630 Mb 2.6 s ( 3x ) 251 Mb ( 2.5x ) 0.462 s ( 15x ) 21 Mb ( 30x )
  34. Repositories • Spring REST PetClinic https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-rest • Quarkus REST PetClinic

    https://github.com/jonathanvila/spring-petclinic-rest/tree/quarkus Documentation/News/Help • https://quarkus.io • @QuarkusIO • https://developers.redhat.com/search/?t=quarkus • [email protected]
  35. Interactive Tutorials ( Katacoda ) • https://developers.redhat.com/courses/quarkus/ List of Tutorials

    • Getting Started • For Spring Devs • Streaming with Kafka • Hibernate and Panache • Prometeus & Grafana
  36. Migration Toolkit for Applications by Red Hat (MTA) New Web

    Console UI with Patternfly 4 (v 5.1.0)
  37. • Rules to help to migrate from SB to Quarkus

    ( MTA 5.1.0 ) ◦ Open Source tool to help on applications migrations ▪ https://red.ht/mta ▪ https://github.com/windup ◦ 24 rules , covering ... ▪ DI ▪ Integration ▪ Metrics ▪ JPA ▪ Security ▪ Web ▪ Shell ▪ …. Migration Toolkit for Applications by Red Hat (MTA)
  38. Real use cases Lufthansa Technik AVIATAR experiences significant cloud resources

    savings by moving to Kubernetes-native Quarkus (link) Suomen Asiakastieto Oy chooses Quarkus for their microservices development (link) Vodafone Greece replaces Spring Boot with Quarkus (link) • “Quarkus offers by default (without trying to optimize it) is 50%-60% more lightweight (in JVM mode) that what Spring offers” • “30 to 40% better developer productivity vis-a-vis Spring Boot,” Public Clouds exp. -- Internal Labs --- Save up to : • 37 % on Cloud ( Quarkus JVM ) • 71 % on Cloud ( Quarkus + GraalVM )
  39. Questions received on meetups ( 1/3 ) 1. What do

    the spring extensions do internally ? 2. Those quarkus extensions for libraries are like a fork of the general library ? 3. General library and quarkus extension will be always on sync on versions ? 4. What about the patches on the general library and the impact on quarkus extension ? 5. Have you tried compiling the bytecode with Graal ? [I assume this means the bytecode generated by the Spring version] a. Yes, but I didn’t succeed . I assume there are a lot of things to do and elements to take into consideration (libraries not supported) 6. Do you recommend to always migrate from Spring ? a. NO b. migration means investing money and time, so the goal has to be clear. Benefit is great when you have microservices with scale to zero as common, or when you can consider moving to Serverless/FaaS (lambdas) 7. Using the spring extensions would have same performace as pure quarkus ? 8. How many redhatters in the project ? a. Currently there are more than 360 contributors, and lot’s of redhatters but also non redhatters. 9. Is there an Elytron LDAP extension for security ? a. YES : https://quarkus.io/guides/security-ldap
  40. Questions received on meetups ( 2/3 ) 10. How would

    the Quarkus support work ? a. https://quarkus.io/support/ 11. AOP on JVM ? a. NO b. because AspectJ needs to add the plugin to wave the classes on the build phase, and this conflicts with the same Quarkus plugin 12. Company using Quarkus in native mode in production ? 13. Porting websockets to Quarkus ? 14. Quarkus native throughput degradation ? a. basically related to the GraalVM way of working with AOT compilation b. switch to g1gc in native images, profile guided optimizations ( GraalVM Enterprise ) 15. Hibernate metrics affect performance ? 16. Is it possible to run Quarkus inside EAP ? 17. Does Quarkus have enterprise support ? a. YES b. https://quarkus.io/support/ 18. Difference between Hotspot and GraalVM a. hotspot mean the JVM, so you need a Virtual Machine installed to run the app b. graalvm will produce native code applications that don’t need any vm installed
  41. Questions received on meetups ( 3/3 ) 19. When to

    migrate ? a. see question #6 20. Benefits of Quarkus vs Micronaut a. both are good technologies, with different flavour, covering a space of the optimized native applications b. you need to read and try both and decide based on your own criteria 21. Can SB compile to native with GraalVM ? a. they are working on that b. they have projects being able to go native in the labs/experimental repos 22. Does MTA/Windup use AI ? a. NO b. it statically analyses applications based on rules , mainly defined on xml files that you can create yours rules 23. How to migrate from EAP to Quarkus 24. In a migration what do you recommend , going to the standard libraries or using the spring extensions ? 25. Is Spring Kafka supported ? 26. Is there a way to debug a GraalVM compiled application ? 27. Are there many companies adopting Quarkus ? 28. How easy is to produce the native image ? 29. How easy is to deploy to cloud ?