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Building Streaming Data Pipelines with Elastics...

Building Streaming Data Pipelines with Elasticsearch, Apache Kafka, and KSQL

Companies new and old are all recognising the importance of a low-latency, scalable, fault-tolerant data backbone, in the form of the Apache Kafka streaming platform. With Kafka, developers can integrate multiple sources and systems, which enables low latency analytics, event driven architectures and the population of multiple downstream systems. These data pipelines can be built using configuration alone.

In this talk, we’ll see how easy it is to stream data from sources such as databases into Kafka using the Kafka Connect API. We’ll use KSQL to filter, aggregate and join it to other data, and then stream this from Kafka out into targets such as Elasticsearch, and see how time-based indices can be used. All of this can be accomplished without a single line of code!

Robin Moffatt

January 31, 2018
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  1. 1 Building Streaming Data Pipelines with Elasticsearch, Apache Kafka, and

    KSQL London Elastic Meetup, 31 Jan 2018 Robin Moffatt, Partner Technology Evangelist, EMEA @rmoff [email protected] https://speakerdeck.com/rmoff
  2. 2 $ whoami • Partner Technology Evangelist @ Confluent •

    Working in data & analytics since 2001 • Oracle ACE Director • Blogging : http://rmoff.net & 
 https://www.confluent.io/blog/author/robin/ • Twitter: @rmoff • Geek stuff • Beer & Fried Breakfasts
  3. Kafka Cluster 4 Apache Kafka® Kafka A Distributed Commit Log.

    Publish and subscribe to 
 streams of records. Highly scalable, high throughput. 
 Supports transactions. Persisted data. Reads are a single seek & scan Writes are append only
  4. 5 Apache Kafka® Kafka Streams API Write standard Java applications

    & microservices
 to process your data in real-time Kafka Connect API Reliable and scalable integration of Kafka with other systems – no coding required. Orders Table Customers Kafka Streams API
  5. mobile app web app APIs Streaming Platform Hadoop Security Monitoring

    Elastic search “A product was viewed” Event-Centric Thinking
  6. 18 Integrating Elastic with Kafka - Beats, Logstash output.kafka: hosts:

    ["localhost:9092"] topic: 'logs' required_acks: 1 output { kafka { topic_id => "logstash_logs_json" bootstrap_servers => "localhost:9092" codec => json } } Beats Logstash
  7. 19

  8. 22 Kafka Connect's Elasticsearch Sink { "name": "es-sink", "config": {

    "connector.class": "io.confluent.connect.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchSinkConnector", "connection.url": "http://localhost:9200", "type.name": "type.name=kafka-connect", "topics": "foobar" } }
  9. 25 Sink properties : Converters • Json, Avro, String, Protobuf,

    etc • Specify the converter in the Kafka Connect configuration, e.g. key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter • Kafka Connect uses pluggable converters for both message key and value deserialisation
  10. 27 Schemas in Kafka Connect - JSON {"schema": {"type":"struct", "fields":[{"type":"int32","optional":true,"field":"c1"},

    {"type":"string","optional":true,"field":"c2"}, {"type":"int64","optional":false, "name":"org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Timestamp","field":"create_ts"}, {"type":"int64","optional":false, "name":"org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Timestamp","field":"update_ts"}], "optional":false, "name":"foobar" }, "payload":{ "c1":100, "c2":"bar", "create_ts":1516747629000, "update_ts":1516747629000} }
  11. 28 Kafka Connect + Schema Registry = WIN Avro Message

    Schema Registry Avro Schema Kafka Connect
  12. 29 Schemas in Kafka Connect - Avro & Confluent Schema

    Registry {"subject":"mysql-foobar-value","version":1,"id":141,"schema":"{\"type\":\"record\", \"name\":\"foobar\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"c1\",\"type\":[\"null [\"null\",\"string\"],\"default\":null},{\"name\":\"create_ts\",\"type\":{\"type\": \"long\",\"connect.version\":1,\"connect.name\":\"org.apache.kafka llis\"}},{\"name\":\"update_ts\",\"type\":{\"type\":\"long\",\"connect.version\": 1,\"connect.name\":\"org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Timestamp\",\"log obar\"}"} Schema Message
  13. 31 Sink properties : Schema/Mapping handling • Kafka Connect will

    let Elasticsearch create the mapping • Elasticsearch uses dynamic mapping to guess datatypes • Use dynamic templates to handle timestamps • Or explicitly create the document mapping beforehand - Best used when source data is JSON (e.g. from logstash) without a compatible schema - Currently this option is mandatory for ES6 support schema.ignore=true
  14. 32 Sink properties : Schema/Mapping handling • Kafka Connect will

    create the document mapping using the schema provided • Therefore, you must provide a schema • Avro • JSON with schema/payload format • Useful for preserving timestamps - Use for end-to-end schema preservation when using Kafka Connect for ingest too (e.g. from RDBMS) - Not currently supported with ES6 schema.ignore=false
  15. 33 Sink properties : Document id • Kafka Connect will

    use the message's key as the document id • Therefore, your message must have a key • Useful for storing latest version of a record only • e.g. account balance • Kafka Connect will specify the document id based as a tuple of topic/partition/offset • Useful if you don't have message keys key.ignore=true key.ignore=false
  16. 34 An order… ID Product Shipping Address Status 42 iPad

    -- New 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Packing 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Shipped 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Delivered
  17. 35 Store every state change _id ID Product Shipping Address

    Status 01 42 iPad -- New 02 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Packing 03 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Shipped 04 42 iPad 29 Acacia Road Delivered key.ignore=true
  18. 36 Update document in place _id ID Product Shipping Address

    Status 42 42 iPad -- New key.ignore=false
  19. 37 _id ID Product Shipping Address Status 42 42 iPad

    29 Acacia Road Packing Update document in place key.ignore=false
  20. 38 _id ID Product Shipping Address Status 42 42 iPad

    29 Acacia Road Shipped Update document in place key.ignore=false
  21. 39 _id ID Product Shipping Address Status 42 42 iPad

    29 Acacia Road Delivered Update document in place key.ignore=false
  22. 40 Sink properties : Index • By default, Kafka Connect

    will use the topic name as the index • Necessary to override if the topic is in capitals • Useful to override for adherence with naming standards, etc topic.index.map=TOPIC:index,FOO:bar
  23. 41 Single Message Transform (SMT) -- Extract, TRANSFORM, Load… •

    Modify events before storing in Kafka: • Mask/drop sensitive information • Set partitioning key • Store lineage • Cast data types • Modify events going out of Kafka: • Direct events to different Elasticsearch indexes • Mask/drop sensitive information • Cast data types to match destination
  24. 42 Customising target index name with Single Message Transforms "transforms":"routeTS",

    "transforms.routeTS.type":"org.apache.kafka.connect.transforms.TimestampRouter", "transforms.routeTS.topic.format":"${topic}-${timestamp}", "transforms.routeTS.timestamp.format":"YYYYMM" "transforms": "dropPrefix", "transforms.dropPrefix.type":"org.apache.kafka.connect.transforms.RegexRouter", "transforms.dropPrefix.regex":"DC?-(.*)-avro", "transforms.dropPrefix.replacement":"$1" Source topic Elasticsearch index sales sales-201801 sales sales-201802 Source topic Elasticsearch index DC1-sales-avro sales DC2-sales-avro sales
  25. 43 KSQL: a Streaming SQL Engine for Apache Kafka® from

    Confluent • Enables stream processing with zero coding required • The simplest way to process streams of data in real-time • Powered by Kafka: scalable, distributed, battle-tested • All you need is Kafka–No complex deployments of bespoke systems for stream processing
  26. 44 CREATE STREAM possible_fraud AS SELECT card_number, count(*) FROM authorization_attempts

    WINDOW TUMBLING (SIZE 5 SECONDS) GROUP BY card_number HAVING count(*) > 3; KSQL: the Simplest Way to Do Stream Processing
  27. 46 KSQL for querying and transforming log files ksql> CREATE

    STREAM LOGS (REQUEST VARCHAR, AGENT VARCHAR, RESPONSE INT, TIMESTAMP VARCHAR) WITH (KAFKA_TOPIC='LOGSTASH_LOGS_JSON' , VALUE_FORMAT='JSON'); Message ---------------- Stream created ----------------
  28. 47 KSQL for querying and transforming log files ksql> SELECT

    REQUEST, RESPONSE FROM LOGS WHERE REQUEST LIKE '%jpg'; /content/images/2018/01/cow-and-calf.jpg | 200 /content/images/2016/02/IMG_4810-copy.jpg | 200 /content/images/2017/11/oggkaf01_sm.jpg | 200 /content/images/2016/06/IMG_7889-1.jpg | 200 /content/images/2016/02/IMG_4810-copy.jpg | 200
  29. 48 KSQL for querying and transforming log files ksql> SELECT

    REQUEST, RESPONSE FROM LOGS WHERE RESPONSE > 400; /2016/06/07/ | 404 /wp-login.php/ | 404 /spa112.cfg/ | 404 /spa122.cfg/ | 404 /never/gonna/give/you/up/ | 404
  30. 49 Creating streaming aggregates with KSQL ksql> SELECT RESPONSE,COUNT(*) AS

    REQUEST_COUNT FROM LOGS WINDOW TUMBLING (SIZE 1 MINUTE) GROUP BY RESPONSE; 2018-01-23 19:00:00 | 304 | 20 2018-01-23 19:00:00 | 404 | 1 2018-01-23 19:01:00 | 304 | 9 2018-01-23 19:01:00 | 404 | 2 2018-01-23 19:01:00 | 418 | 1
  31. 52 Streaming Transformations with KSQL Raw logs HDFS / S3

    Raw logs App Server Error logs Elasticsearch KSQL Filter
  32. 53 Filtering streams with KSQL ksql> CREATE STREAM ERROR_LOGS AS

    SELECT * FROM LOGS WHERE RESPONSE >=400; Message ---------------------------- Stream created and running ----------------------------
  33. 54 Streaming Transformations with KSQL Raw logs Raw logs Error

    logs SLA breaches Elasticsearch HDFS / S3 Alert App KSQL Filter / Aggregate / Join App Server
  34. 55 Monitoring thresholds with KSQL ksql> CREATE TABLE SLA_BREACHES AS

    SELECT RESPONSE, COUNT(*) AS REQUEST_COUNT FROM LOGS WINDOW TUMBLING (SIZE 1 MINUTE) WHERE RESPONSE>=400 GROUP BY RESPONSE HAVING COUNT(*) > 10;
  35. 56 Monitoring thresholds with KSQL ksql> SELECT TIMESTAMPTOSTRING(ROWTIME, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'),

    RESPONSE, REQUEST_COUNT FROM SLA_BREACHES; 2018-01-23 19:05:00 | 503 | 20 2018-01-23 19:06:00 | 503 | 31 2018-01-23 19:07:00 | 503 | 14 2018-01-23 19:08:00 | 503 | 50
  36. 57 Streaming Transformations with KSQL Raw logs Raw logs Error

    logs SLA breaches Elasticsearch HDFS / S3 Alert App KSQL Filter / Aggregate / Join App Server
  37. 58 Confluent Platform: Enterprise Streaming based on Apache Kafka® Database

    Changes Log Events loT Data Web Events … CRM Data Warehouse Database Hadoop Data
 Integration … Monitoring Analytics Custom Apps Transformations Real-time Applications … Apache Open Source Confluent Open Source Confluent Enterprise Confluent Platform Confluent Platform Apache Kafka® Core | Connect API | Streams API Data Compatibility Schema Registry Monitoring & Administration Confluent Control Center | Security Operations Replicator | Auto Data Balancing Development and Connectivity Clients | Connectors | REST Proxy | CLI Apache Open Source Confluent Open Source Confluent Enterprise SQL Stream Processing KSQL
  38. 60 https://www.confluent.io/download/ Streaming ETL, powered by Apache Kafka and Confluent

    Platform @rmoff [email protected] https://speakerdeck.com/rmoff https://www.confluent.io/blog/simplest-useful-kafka-connect-data-pipeline-world-thereabouts-part-1/ Kafka Summit discount code! KSE18Meetup https://docs.confluent.io/current/connect/connect-elasticsearch/docs/