Ready to production - Testing your Android App

Presentation about testing approach for Android apps.

Presented at

- Androidos Day 2017
- Devfest Maceió 2017

Transcript

1. READY TO PRODUCTION TESTANDO SEU APP ANDROID Ubiratan Soares Agosto / 2017
2. COMO VOCÊ SABE QUE O PRODUTO DE SOFTWARE QUE VOCÊ ENTREGA FUNCIONA ???
5. É SEMPRE BOM VER O RESULTADO DAQUILO QUE FAZEMOS. PORÉM …
6. ALGUMAS COISAS COMEÇAM A FICAR DIFÍCEIS DE SE ENTENDER …
7. ACTIVITY ( ~ 300 LoC) ADAPTER ( ~ 200 LoC) DATA ( ~ 150 LoC)
8. ACTIVITY ( ~ 300 LoC) ADAPTER ( ~ 300 LoC) DATA ( ~ 50 LoC) ANOTHER DATA ( ~ 50 LoC)
9. ACTIVITY ( ~ 300 LoC) MYADAPTER ( ~ 100 LoC) MYDATASOURCE ( ~ 50 LoC) BASE DATASOURCE ( ~ 50 LoC) BASEADAPTER ( ~ 250 LoC)
10. App (Visão Romântica)
11. CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER App (Visão Real) SINGLETON
12. COISAS DIFÍCEIS DE SE EXPLICAR …
15. NÃO PRECISA SER ASSIM !!!
16. UMA IDÉIA SIMPLES
17. DELEGAR O TRABALHO DE VERIFICAÇÃO PARA UM ROBÔ
18. UMA QUEIXA COMUM NA COMUNIDADE MOBILE ?
19. TEM PELO MENOS UM UNIT TEST NO APP?
20. POR QUÊ ESCREVER TESTES
21. Documentação de alta fidelidade das decisões de API tomadas na base de código 1
22. Garantem e verificam comportamentos esperados 2
23. Oferecem confiança para refactor, updates de bibliotecas, aplicar Proguard e outras operações que não impactam em alterações de regras de negócio 3
24. Oferecem a condição correta para práticas de Continuous Integration e Continuous Delivery 4
25. Podem ser complementados para cobrir novos comportamentos, não esperados (bugs) ou não mapeados (funcionalidades) 5
26. Oferecem uma métrica fundamental para garantir a qualidade de produto 6
27. Mas nem tudo são flores …
28. É PRECISO PROJETAR SUAS APIs INTERNAS PARA QUE SEJAM BOAS
29. É PRECISO PENSAR NO DESIGN DAS SUAS CLASSES
30. Single Responsability Open-Closed Lyskov Substituition Interface Segregation Dependency Inversion
31. É PRECISO PENSAR EM QUE PAPÉIS SUAS CLASSES REPRESENTAM NA APLICAÇÃO
32. MVP MVVM VIPER FLUX REDUX DDD MVC … MVI
34. TESTES EXISTEM EM VÁRIOS SABORES
35. UNIT ACCEPTANCE E2E INTEGRATION Tempo de execução Custo de programação
36. NÃO HÁ SILVER BULLETS!
37. COMO TESTAR UM APP ANDROID ?
38. ESTUDO DE CASO
39. DEMO
40. UNIT TESTS (Mocked Contract) FUNCTIONAL UI TESTS INTEGRATION TESTS USECASE EXTERNAL WORLD ADAPTER PRESENTER VIEW CONTRACT PLATAFORM CONTROLLER SOURCE CONTRACT ENTITY INTEGRATION TESTS (DOUBLES) UNIT ACCEPTANCE E2E INTEGRATION UNIT TESTS (Mocked Contract + Mocked Usecase)
41. VIEW PROTOCOL VIEW IMPL. PRESENTER FlowableSubscriber<U> Flowable<U> LifecycleStrategist Disposable DisposeStrategy LifecycleObserver LifecycleOwner (eg. Activity) DATA SOURCE INFRASTRUCTURE Flowable<T>
42. COMO TESTAR UMA UNIDADE SIMPLES ?
43. /** * Created by bira on 6/29/17. * * Handles any errors throwed by GSON and report an * UnexpectedResponse to the foward steps * */ public class DeserializationIssuesHandler<T> implements FlowableTransformer<T, T> {
44. public class DeserializationIssuesHandler<T> implements FlowableTransformer<T, T> { @Override public Publisher<T> apply(Flowable<T> upstream) { return upstream.onErrorResumeNext(this::handleErrorFromDeserializer); } private Publisher<T> handleErrorFromDeserializer(Throwable throwable) { if (isDeserializationError(throwable)) { return Flowable.error( new UnexpectedResponseError("Deserialization Error”) ); } return Flowable.error(throwable); } }
45. public class DeserializationIssuesHandler<T> implements FlowableTransformer<T, T> { @Override public Publisher<T> apply(Flowable<T> upstream) { return upstream.onErrorResumeNext(this::handleErrorFromDeserializer); } private Publisher<T> handleErrorFromDeserializer(Throwable throwable) { if (isDeserializationError(throwable)) { return Flowable.error( new UnexpectedResponseError("Deserialization Error”) ); } return Flowable.error(throwable); } }
46. public class DeserializationIssuesHandler<T> implements FlowableTransformer<T, T> { @Override public Publisher<T> apply(Flowable<T> upstream) { return upstream.onErrorResumeNext(this::handleErrorFromDeserializer); } private Publisher<T> handleErrorFromDeserializer(Throwable throwable) { if (isDeserializationError(throwable)) { return Flowable.error( new UnexpectedResponseError("Deserialization Error”) ); } return Flowable.error(throwable); } }
47. private boolean isDeserializationError(Throwable throwable) { return throwable instanceof IllegalStateException || throwable instanceof JsonIOException || throwable instanceof JsonSyntaxException || throwable instanceof JsonParseException; }
48. @Test public void shouldHandle_GsonThrowsIllegalStateException() { Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(new IllegalStateException("Some message")); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(this::checkHandledAsDeserializationError);
49. @Test public void shouldHandle_GsonThrowsIllegalStateException() { Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(new IllegalStateException("Some message")); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(this::checkHandledAsDeserializationError);
50. @Test public void shouldHandle_GsonThrowsIllegalStateException() { Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(new IllegalStateException("Some message")); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(this::checkHandledAsDeserializationError);
51. @Test public void shouldHandle_GsonThrowsIllegalStateException() { Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(new IllegalStateException("Some message")); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(this::checkHandledAsDeserializationError);
52. DeserializationIssuesHandler<String> handler = new DeserializationIssuesHandler<>(); private boolean checkHandledAsDeserializationError(Throwable throwable) { if (throwable instanceof UnexpectedResponseError) { return throwable.getMessage().contentEquals("Deserialization Error"); } return false; }
53. @Test public void shouldHandle_GsonThrowsIOException() { Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(new JsonIOException("Cannot read file")); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(this::checkHandledAsDeserializationError); }
54. @Test public void shouldNotHandle_OtherErrors() { IllegalAccessError ops = new IllegalAccessError(“OPS!"); Flowable<String> broken = Flowable.error(ops); broken.compose(handler) .test() .assertError(throwable -> throwable.equals(ops)); }
55. COMO TESTAR A INFRAESTRUTURA DE DADOS EM NÍVEL DE INTEGRAÇÃO ?
56. public class TriviaInfrastructure implements GetRandomFacts { // Constructor and fields ... @Override public Flowable<FactAboutNumber> fetchTrivia() { List<Integer> numbersForTrivia = triviaGenerator.numberForTrivia(); String formattedUrlPath = formatPathWithCommas(numbersForTrivia); return webService .getTrivia(formattedUrlPath) .subscribeOn(executionScheduler) .compose(networkingErrorHandler) .compose(restErrorsHandler) .compose(deserializationIssuesHandler) .filter(payload -> validator.accept(payload)) .map(payload -> mapper.toNumberFacts(payload)) .flatMap(Flowable::fromIterable); }
57. public class TriviaInfrastructure implements GetRandomFacts { // Constructor and fields @Override public Flowable<FactAboutNumber> fetchTrivia() { List<Integer> numbersForTrivia = triviaGenerator.numberForTrivia(); String formattedUrlPath = formatPathWithCommas(numbersForTrivia); return webService .getTrivia(formattedUrlPath) .subscribeOn(executionScheduler) .compose(networkingErrorHandler) .compose(restErrorsHandler) .compose(deserializationIssuesHandler) .filter(payload -> validator.accept(payload)) .map(payload -> mapper.toNumberFacts(payload)) .flatMap(Flowable::fromIterable); }
58. public class TriviaInfrastructureTests { TriviaInfrastructure infrastructure; MockWebServer server; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { server = new MockWebServer(); NumbersWebService numberAPI = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(server.url("/").toString()) .create(NumbersWebService.class); infrastructure = new TriviaInfrastructure( numberAPI, new TriviaGenerator(), new PayloadMapper(), new PayloadValidator(), Schedulers.trampoline() // non-concurrent integration on tests ); }
59. public class TriviaInfrastructureTests { TriviaInfrastructure infrastructure; MockWebServer server; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { server = new MockWebServer(); NumbersWebService numberAPI = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(server.url("/").toString()) .create(NumbersWebService.class); infrastructure = new TriviaInfrastructure( numberAPI, new TriviaGenerator(), new PayloadMapper(), new PayloadValidator(), Schedulers.trampoline() // non-concurrent integration on tests ); }
60. @Test public void checkIntegration_200OK_CorrectPayload() { String json = readFile("sample_response_200OK.json"); server.enqueue( new MockResponse() .setResponseCode(200) .setBody(json) ); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoErrors() .assertComplete() .assertValueCount(6); // Check at payload file }
61. @Test public void checkIntegration_200OK_CorrectPayload() { String json = readFile("sample_response_200OK.json"); server.enqueue( new MockResponse() .setResponseCode(200) .setBody(json) ); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoErrors() .assertComplete() .assertValueCount(6); // Check at payload file }
62. @Test public void checkIntegration_200OK_CorrectPayload() { String json = readFile("sample_response_200OK.json"); server.enqueue( new MockResponse() .setResponseCode(200) .setBody(json) ); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoErrors() .assertComplete() .assertValueCount(6); // Check at payload file }
63. @Test public void checkIntegration_404Error_AsNotFound() { server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(404)); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoValues() .assertError(ContentNotFoundError.class); }
64. @Test public void checkIntegration_404Error_AsNotFound() { server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(404)); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoValues() .assertError(ContentNotFoundError.class); }
65. @Test public void checkIntegration_5xxError_AsUnexpected() { server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(502)); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoValues() .assertError(UnexpectedResponseError.class); }
66. @Test public void checkIntegration_5xxError_AsUnexpected() { server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(502)); infrastructure.fetchTrivia() .test() .assertNoValues() .assertError(UnexpectedResponseError.class); }
67. COMO TESTAR UM COMPORTAMENTO DE APRESENTAÇÃO ISOLADAMENTE ?
68. public class LoadingCoordination<T> implements FlowableTransformer<T, T> { private LoadingView view; private Scheduler uiScheduler; // Constructor @Override public Publisher<T> apply(Flowable<T> upstream) { ShowAtStartHideWhenDone<T> delegate = new ShowAtStartHideWhenDone<>( view.showLoading(), view.hideLoading(), uiScheduler ); return upstream.compose(delegate); } }
69. public class LoadingCoordinationTests { Scheduler uiScheduler = Schedulers.trampoline(); LoadingCoordination<String> loadingCoordination; @Mock Action showAction; @Mock Action hideAction; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); LoadingView view = new LoadingView() { @Override public Action showLoading() {return showAction;} @Override public Action hideLoading() {return hideAction;} }; loadingCoordination = new LoadingCoordination<>(view, uiScheduler); }
70. public class LoadingCoordinationTests { Scheduler uiScheduler = Schedulers.trampoline(); LoadingCoordination<String> loadingCoordination; @Mock Action showAction; @Mock Action hideAction; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); LoadingView view = new LoadingView() { @Override public Action showLoading() {return showAction;} @Override public Action hideLoading() {return hideAction;} }; loadingCoordination = new LoadingCoordination<>(view, uiScheduler); }
71. @Test public void shouldCoordinateLoading_WhenFlowEmmits() throws Exception { Flowable.just("A", "B", "C") .compose(loadingCoordination) .subscribe(); checkLoadingCoordinated(); } @Test public void shouldCoordinateLoading_WithEmptyFlow() throws Exception { Flowable<String> empty = Flowable.empty(); empty.compose(loadingCoordination).subscribe(); checkLoadingCoordinated(); }
72. private void checkLoadingCoordinated() throws Exception { InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(showAction, hideAction); inOrder.verify(showAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); inOrder.verify(hideAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); }
73. private void checkLoadingCoordinated() throws Exception { InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(showAction, hideAction); inOrder.verify(showAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); inOrder.verify(hideAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); }
74. private void checkLoadingCoordinated() throws Exception { InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(showAction, hideAction); inOrder.verify(showAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); inOrder.verify(hideAction, oneTimeOnly()).run(); }
75. COMO TESTAR MÚLTIPLOS COMPORTAMENTOS DE APRESENTAÇÃO POR FLUXO ?
76. @Test public void shouldPresent_NoContentError_IntoView() throws Exception { Flowable<FactAboutNumber> noContent = Flowable.error(new ContentNotFoundError()); when(usecase.fetchTrivia()).thenReturn(noContent); presenter.fetchRandomFacts(); BehavioursVerifier.with(view) .showLoadingFirstHideLoadingAfter() .shouldShowEmptyState() .shouldNotShowErrorState(); }
77. @Test public void shouldPresent_NoContentError_IntoView() throws Exception { Flowable<FactAboutNumber> noContent = Flowable.error(new ContentNotFoundError()); when(usecase.fetchTrivia()).thenReturn(noContent); presenter.fetchRandomFacts(); BehavioursVerifier.with(view) .showLoadingFirstHideLoadingAfter() .shouldShowEmptyState() .shouldNotShowErrorState(); }
78. public class BehavioursVerifier { private Object target; // Via factory method public BehavioursVerifier shouldShowErrorState() throws Exception { checkErrorStateView(); ErrorStateView view = (ErrorStateView) target; verify(view.showErrorState(), oneTimeOnly()).run(); return this; } // For each View and each behavior, check if bind / apply is possible private void checkEmptyStateView() { if (!(target instanceof EmptyStateView)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not an EmptyStateView"); }
79. public class BehavioursVerifier { private Object target; public BehavioursVerifier shouldShowErrorState() throws Exception { checkErrorStateView(); ErrorStateView view = (ErrorStateView) target; verify(view.showErrorState(), oneTimeOnly()).run(); return this; } // For each View and each behavior, check if bind / apply is possible private void checkEmptyStateView() { if (!(target instanceof EmptyStateView)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not an EmptyStateView"); }
80. public class BehavioursVerifier { private Object target; public BehavioursVerifier shouldShowErrorState() throws Exception { checkErrorStateView(); ErrorStateView view = (ErrorStateView) target; verify(view.showErrorState(), oneTimeOnly()).run(); return this; } // For each View and each behavior, check if bind / apply is possible private void checkEmptyStateView() { if (!(target instanceof EmptyStateView)) throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Not an EmptyStateView"); }
81. @Test public void shouldPresent_AvailableData_IntoView() throws Exception { Flowable<FactAboutNumber> data = Flowable.just( FactAboutNumber.of("1", "1 is the first"), FactAboutNumber.of("2", "2 is the second") ); when(usecase.fetchTrivia()).thenReturn(data); presenter.fetchRandomFacts(); BehavioursRobot.with(view) .showLoadingFirstHideLoadingAfter() .disableRefreshFirstAndEnableAfter() .shouldNotShowEmptyState() .shouldNotShowErrorState() .shouldNotReportNetworkingError(); }
82. @Test public void shouldPresent_AvailableData_IntoView() throws Exception { Flowable<FactAboutNumber> data = Flowable.just( FactAboutNumber.of("1", "1 is the first"), FactAboutNumber.of("2", "2 is the second") ); when(usecase.fetchTrivia()).thenReturn(data); presenter.fetchRandomFacts(); BehavioursRobot.with(view) .showLoadingFirstHideLoadingAfter() .disableRefreshFirstAndEnableAfter() .shouldNotShowEmptyState() .shouldNotShowErrorState() .shouldNotReportNetworkingError(); }
83. COMO TESTAR A LÓGICA ESPECÍFICA DE FRONT-END ?
84. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config( constants = BuildConfig.class, application = MainApplication.class, sdk = 25 ) public class FactsViewModelMapperTests { FactsViewModelMapper mapper; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { Context context = RuntimeEnvironment.application; mapper = new FactsViewModelMapper(context); }
85. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config( constants = BuildConfig.class, application = MainApplication.class, sdk = 25 ) public class FactsViewModelMapperTests { FactsViewModelMapper mapper; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { Context context = RuntimeEnvironment.application; mapper = new FactsViewModelMapper(context); }
86. @Test public void shouldMap_UpTo50Chars_AsTwoLabelsModel() { String text = "A text that should have 49 chars at most, no more”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("1", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(NumberAndFact.class); } @Test public void shouldMap_Above50Chars_AsSingleLabelModel() { String text = "Another text that is much,” + "much larger than 50 characters”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("17", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(ComposedWithSpannedStyles.class); }
87. @Test public void shouldMap_UpTo50Chars_AsTwoLabelsModel() { String text = "A text that should have 49 chars at most, no more”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("1", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(NumberAndFact.class); } @Test public void shouldMap_Above50Chars_AsSingleLabelModel() { String text = "Another text that is much,” + "much larger than 50 characters”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("17", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(ComposedWithSpannedStyles.class); }
88. @Test public void shouldMap_UpTo50Chars_AsTwoLabelsModel() { String text = "A text that should have 49 chars at most, no more”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("1", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(NumberAndFact.class); } @Test public void shouldMap_Above50Chars_AsSingleLabelModel() { String text = "Another text that is much,” + "much larger than 50 characters”; FactAboutNumber fact = FactAboutNumber.of("17", text); FactViewModel model = mapper.translate(fact); assertThat(model).isInstanceOf(ComposedWithSpannedStyles.class); }
89. COMO GARANTIR QUE O AS VIEWS SEGUEM O COMPORTAMENTO ESPERADO ?
90. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config( constants = BuildConfig.class, application = MainApplication.class, sdk = 25 ) public class FactsAboutNumbersActivityTest { FactsAboutNumbersActivity activity; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { activity = buildActivity(FactsAboutNumbersActivity.class) .create() .get(); }
91. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config( constants = BuildConfig.class, application = MainApplication.class, sdk = 25 ) public class FactsAboutNumbersActivityTest { FactsAboutNumbersActivity activity; @Before public void beforeEachTest() { activity = buildActivity(FactsAboutNumbersActivity.class) .create() .get(); }
92. @Test public void shoulIntegrateActions_ForLoadingVisibility() throws Exception { ProgressBar loading = findById(activity, R.id.progressBar); activity.showLoading().run(); assertThat(loading.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.VISIBLE); activity.hideLoading().run(); assertThat(loading.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.GONE); }
93. @Test public void shoulIntegrateActions_ForLoadingVisibility() throws Exception { ProgressBar loading = findById(activity, R.id.progressBar); activity.showLoading().run(); assertThat(loading.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.VISIBLE); activity.hideLoading().run(); assertThat(loading.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.GONE); }
94. @Test public void shoulIntegrateAction_ForNetworkingErrorFeedback() throws Exception { activity.reportNetworkingError().run(); // From design_layout_snackbar_include.xml, since Snackbar // does not have an id assigned at his own container View snackText = findById(activity, R.id.snackbar_text); assertThat(snackText).isNotNull(); assertThat(snackText.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.VISIBLE); }
95. @Test public void shoulIntegrateAction_ForNetworkingErrorFeedback() throws Exception { activity.reportNetworkingError().run(); // From design_layout_snackbar_include.xml, since Snackbar // does not have an id assigned at his own container View snackText = findById(activity, R.id.snackbar_text); assertThat(snackText).isNotNull(); assertThat(snackText.getVisibility()).isEqualTo(View.VISIBLE); }
96. CONCLUSÕES
97. SEM DESCULPAS PARA NÃO ESCREVER TESTES
98. https://github.com/ubiratansoares/reactive-architectures-playground Sample usando numbersapi.com 100% RxJava2 + MVP, ilustrando conceitos vistos aqui Dagger 2.11, Full Android Support APIs Testes de unidade que importam Mais outras coisinhas (WIP)
99. UBIRATAN SOARES Computer Scientist by ICMC/USP Software Engineer, curious guy Google Developer Expert for Android Teacher, speaker, etc, etc
100. OBRIGADO @ubiratanfsoares ubiratansoares.github.io https://br.linkedin.com/in/ubiratanfsoares