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Webサービスにおける キャッシュ戦略
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Yusuke Wada
July 03, 2016
Technology
36
34k
Webサービスにおける キャッシュ戦略
YAPC::Asia Hachioji 2016 mid in Shinagawa
2016-07-03
Yusuke Wada a.k.a. yusukebe
Yusuke Wada
July 03, 2016
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Transcript
8FCαʔϏεʹ͓͚Δ Ωϟογϡઓུ :"1$"TJB)BDIJPKJNJEJO4IJOBHBXB :VTVLF8BEBBLBZVTVLFCF
ࣗݾհ w ా༟հBLBZVTVLFCF w ϫσΟοτදऔక w ΦϞϩΩ$50 w ٕज़ސY w
DPGPVOEFSPGCPLFUF w XBEBGNEBOEZGN w 1FSM.POHFS
࠷ۙͭͬͯ͘Δͷ
3VCZPO3BJMT"QQ BOE J04"QQ
ຊτʔΫͷςʔϚ
Ωϟογϡ
ͱ͍ͬͯ
ϨΠϠʔͷΩϟογϡ ͷ͠·ͤΜ
7BSOJTIͷ͠·ͤΜ ͳ͔ͥޙͰ͔Δ
વ
ݱۚͷ͠·ͤΜʂ
8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϨΠϠʔͰѻ͏Ωϟογϡ ͷΛ͠·͢ʂ
ΞδΣϯμ w Ωϟογϡͷత w Ωϟογϡͷجૅ w Ωϟογϡύλʔϯ w Ωϟογϡ ΦϨΦϨ
ઓུ
Ωϟογϡͷత
*0ͷޮԽ
*0͕ϘτϧωοΫʹͳΔ݅ w ྫ%BUF5JNFΛ͏Θͳ͍WTTMPXRVFSZ w *0ͷੑೳʹൺͯ$16ੑೳͷํ͕ߴ͍߹͕ଟ͍ w σʔλੵ͢Δ͠σʔλྔ͕૿͑Εେن w 3%#.4ʹෳࡶͳࣄ͕͋ΔΑͶ w
֎෦ͷ8FC"1*ΞΫηε*0ͱͯ͠ߟ͑ΒΕΔ w ݁Ռ*0όϯυ͕ϘτϧωοΫʹͳΔ
*0ϘτϧωοΫվળ w 3%#.4ͷ߹͚ͩͲ w ΫΤϦνϡʔχϯά w ςʔϒϧઃܭͷݟ͠ w ҙਤతͳඇਖ਼نԽ w
தؒςʔϒϧͷ༻ҙͳͲ w αʔόͷεϖοΫΞοϓ #65
Ͳʔ͠ΐͳ͍࣌ ΊΜͲ͍࣌͋͘͞ΔΑͶʙ %#ʹຊ࣭తͳσʔλͷΈೖΕ͍ͨ ͔ͭύϑΥʔϚϯεΛग़͍ͨ͠
ΩϟογϡͰ*0ΛޮԽʂ
ҙ
ޙड़͢ΔΑ͏ʹΩϟογϡʹΑΔ ղܾສೳ͡Όͳ͋͘Δ
Ωϟογϡͷجຊ
DBDIF நԽ͞ΕͨΩϟογϡετΞ
,74ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε ࠷ݶͷ
DBDIFTFU LFZ WBMVF NZWDBDIFHFU LFZ QSJOUWWBMVF DBDIFEFMFUF LFZ
DBDIFHFU LFZ VOEFG HFUTFUEFMFUF
DBDIFेʹ͍ҽӒҶనᝢ w ΩϟογϡετΞͷදྫ w NFNDBDIFE w 3FEJT w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϝϞϦ w
ϑΝΠϧFUD w ,74ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛར༻͠*0ΛޮԽ͢Δ w ࠓճओʹNFNDBDIFEΛఆͯ͠͠·͢
FYQJSF
DBDIFTFU LFZ WBMVF NZWDBDIFHFU LFZ
σʔλΛอ࣋͢Δ༗ޮظݶΛ ࢦఆग़དྷΔ
Ωϟογϡύλʔϯ
ύλʔϯ
&YQJSFΛͬͨ యܕతͳύλʔϯ
֎෦)551ϦΫΤετͷ ݁ՌΛҰఆ࣌ؒΩϟογϡͤ͞Δ
TVCHFU@OFXT@FOUSJFT\ NZTFMGTIJGU NZFOUSJFTTFMGDBDIFHFU LFZ SFUVSOFOUSJFTJGFOUSJFT FOUSJFTTFMGGFUDI@OFXT@FOUSJFT TFMGDBDIFTFU LFZ
FOUSJFT SFUVSOFOUSJFT ^ LFZʹWBMVF͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͔HFUͰ֬ೝ͢Δ WBMVF͕ଘࡏͨ͠Βͦͷ··ฦ͢ ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍߹)551ϦΫΤετΛΒͤίϯςϯπΛੜ FYQJSFΛࢦఆͯ͠LFZͰίϯςϯπΛTFU͢Δ ίϯςϯπΛฦ٫͢Δ
ϦεΫ
FYQJSF ඵ࣌ؒͷؒʹ ֎෦Ͱίϯςϯπ͕ߋ৽͞Εͯ ΞϓϦ্Ͱө͕͞Εͳ͍ ҙਤతͳΩϟογϡͷߋ৽ আ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͯ͘Δ
Ωϟογϡͷ ίϯτϩʔϧ͍͠
ΩϟογϡͷপΑ͏ͦ̇͜
ͱ͜ΖͰ
3%#.4ͷ͍߹Θͤͷ߹ ಉ͡Α͏ʹΩϟογϡग़དྷΔ ͨͩ͠ෳͷΫΤϦΛΩϟο γϡ͢Δ߹LFZͷཧੜ ͕ࡶʹͳΔ͕࣌͋Δ Ή͠Ζউखʹ &YQJSFΛͬͨ ΩϟογϡΛͯ͠Β͍͍ͨ
ύλʔϯ
ҾΫΤϦΛͬͨLFZੜ ʹΑΔಁաతΩϟογϡ ύλʔϯ
ྫ͑
%#*Y$MBTT$VSTPS$BDIFE ͷ߹
None
TVC@CVJME@DBDIF@LFZ\ NZ DMBTT TUPSBHF BSHT BUUST !@ NZSFGTUPSBHF@TFMFDU@BSHT@UP@RVFSZ !\BSHT^<>
BUUST NZDPOO SFUVSO%JHFTU4)"TIB@IFY 4UPSBCMFOGSFF[F <SFG DPOO\/BNF^ DPOO\6TFSOBNF^]]> ^ ͷΫΤϦίωΫγϣϯใͳͲΛ ϋογϡؔ௨ͯ͠จࣈྻԽͨ͠ͷΛLFZͱ͍ͯ͠Δ
LFZͷੜΛࣗಈతʹߦ͍ ͍ͭͷؒʹ͔&YQJSFϕʔεͷ ΩϟογϡΛ͢Δ ಁաΩϟογϡͷύλʔϯ
TFMGECTFBSDI FOUSZ \VTFS@JE^ \PSEFS@CZJE FYQJSF ^ Ԡ༻͢ΕಁաతΩϟογϡػߏ͕࡞ΕΔ
FYQJSFͱ͍͏໊લͷϋογϡΛઃఆ͢Δͱࣗಈతʹ ͦͷ͚࣌ؒͩΩϟογϡ͓͍ͯͯ͘͠ΕΔͱ͔ ͨͩ͠%#ଆͷߋ৽ͷөFYQJSFͨ͠ޙʹ͞ΕΔΑʂ
ύλʔϯ
ͳΔ͘खલͰΩϟογϡͯ͠ ޮΛ্͛Δύλʔϯ
ϑϩϯτʹ͍ۙͱ͜ΖͰΩϟογϡ ͯ͋͛͠ΔͱޮΑ͍ 3FRVFTU 3FTQPOTF %# "QQMJDBUJPO 8FC4FSWFS ΑΓ*0ޮΛ্͛ΒΕΔ
ྫ͑
JTVDPOҴ㉮ӝԩդՈ㮢॰న⒌Ĕ✵㮣 IUUQEIBUFOBOFKQIJEFEFO
)5.-ࣄલੜ 44* w αΠυόʔʹʮ࠷ۙͷίϝϯτҰཡʯΛදࣔ w ϙετ࣌ʹ)5.-ΛϨϯμϦϯάͯ͠)5.-ࣗମΛ Ωϟογϡɺදࣔ࣌ʹऔಘͦ͠ͷ··)5.-දࣔ w ϖʔδશମΛΩϟογϡ͢ΔͱશϖʔδͷΩϟογϡ Λഁغ͠ͳ͍͚ͯ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ
w ίϝϯτදࣔ෦͚ͩΩϟογϡ͠44*ͰύʔπΛ ݺͼग़͢ JODMVEFWJSUVBMSFDFOU@DPNNFOUFE@BSUJDMFT
ϑϩϯτدΓͷ Ωϟογϡมߋʹऑ͍ w ςϯϓϨʔτͷߏΛม͑ͨ࣌ w ։ൃ͕සൟʹى͜Δ߹ʹ͍ʹ͍͘ w ͦͯ͠࠶ར༻ੑʹ͍͠
ύλʔϯ͔ΒݟΔ ΩϟογϡͷϙΠϯτ
Ωϟογϡॾਕͷ w DBDIFͷ,74ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεेʹ͍ w Ωϟογϡͷߋ৽ʹؾΛΘͳ͍͚ͯ͘ͳ͍ w FYQJSF·Ͱͷظ্͕༷ؒແͰ͋Δ w ҙਤతʹΩϟογϡΛEFMFUF͢Δ w
LFZͷ໊͚Λ໌ࣔతʹΔ͔ಁաతʹߦ͏͔ʁ w ͳΔ͘ϑϩϯτدΓͰΩϟογϡͤͨ͞ํ͕ߴ w ͱ͍͑ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷมߋʹऑ͍
ΦϨΦϨ Ωϟογϡઓུ
#PLFUFαʔόΞϓϦͷ߹
#PLFUFεϖοΫ w ݄ϩʔϯν w ͏͙͢ສ%- J04 "OESPJE w Ϙέ
ສ݅ w ͓ສ݅ w ධՁԯ݅ w ϐʔΫ࣌SFRTTFD
σʔλετΞͱΩϟογϡͷ جຊઓུ
044ޓͷϛυϧΣΞΛ͏ w "NB[PO8FC4FSWJDFT্ʹΠϯϑϥΛߏங w ͨͩ͠044ޓͷ*'Λ࣋ͭϛυϧΣΞͷΈ༻ w "NB[PO3%4"VSPSB w NFNDBDIFE &MBTUJ$BDIF
w 3FEJT &MBTUJ$BDIF w &MBTUJDTFBSDI &MBTUJDTFBSDI4FSWJDF w खݩͰͷ࠶ݱੑΛߴΊΔͨΊ
+PJOΛͳΔ͘͠ͳ͍ w ෆมͳΦϒδΣΫτ͕ଟ͍ͷͰ+PJO͢Δίετ͕ແବ w ޙड़ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹΑΔ w 03.BQQFSϨϕϧͰ+PJO͠ʹ͘͘͢Δ w
ҙਤతͳඇਖ਼نԽΛؚΊΔ%#ઃܭ
ෆมͳϞϊΩϟογϡ͢Δ w มԽͷগͳ͍ΦϒδΣΫτ࠷ॳͷࢀরޙΩϟογϡ w ҎޙͷͦͷΩϟογϡΦϒδΣΫτΛ͍ճ͢ w গͳ͍ߋ৽࣌ʹΩϟογϡΛഁغ͢Δ CPLF PEBJ QIPUP
VQEBUF͕ແ͍ ͨ·ʹEFMFUF͕Δ
Ωϟογϡͷཻ w ԿΛΩϟογϡ͢Δ͔ʁ w ཻ͕খ͍͞Ωϟογϡର3PX୯ମ w ཻ͕େ͖͍ΩϟογϡରϥϯΩϯάͳͲҰཡ
3PXͷࢀর࣌ϋογϡͰѻ͏ w 3PXΦϒδΣΫτ͡Όͳͯ͘ϋογϡͰѻ͏ w ͦͦ8FC"1*͔ͩΒ+40/Ͱฦ͢͠ w ϋογϡͩͱΩϟογϡ͍͢͠ w ͨͩ3PXΦϒδΣΫτΛϑΣον͔ͯ͠Βϋο γϡԽ͍ͯ͠Δ
w 3PXຖʹJOqBUFϧʔϧΛΦϒδΣΫτʹҠৡ
όονΑΓࢀরใΛΩϟογϡ w ෳࡶͳόονॲཧΛݮΒ͢ํ w ࢹ͕͠ʹ͍͘ʢָͯ͠ࢹ͍ͨ͠ʣ w ෳΧςΰϦʹ·͕ͨΔϥϯΩϯάΛදࣔ w ଟͷՕॴͷϥϯΩϯάΛόονͰੜආ͚ͨ ͍ʢΊΜͲ͍͘͞ʣ
ίϯςϯπΛ༧Ί༻ҙ͢ΔͷͰͳ͘ ඞཁͱ͞Εͨ࣌ʹΩϟογϡ͓ͯ͘͠
࣮
ΦϒδΣΫτϕʔεͷ ಁաΩϟογϡ
CPLF\PEBJ^\QIPUP^\MBSHF@VSM^ ϦϨʔγϣϯઌͷΦϒδΣΫτ ΩϟογϡΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ Ωϟογϡ͔Βऔಘ
#PLFUF%# QBDLBHF#PLFUF%# VTFQBSFOU5FOH TVCGJOE@XJUI@DBDIF\ NZ TFMG UBCMF XIFSF FYQJSF
!@ NZLFZTFMGNBLF@LFZ UBCMF XIFSF GJOE NZEBUBTFMGDBDIFHFU LFZ SFUVSOEBUBJGEBUB NZPCKFDUTFMGTJOHMF UBCMF XIFSF PSSFUVSO EBUBPCKFDUJOGMBUF@DPMVNOT TFMGDBDIFTFU LFZ EBUB FYQJSF SFUVSOEBUB ^ TVCEFMFUF@DBDIF\ ಁաΩϟογϡ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛੜ͢
#PLFUF%#3PX#PLF QBDLBHF#PLFUF%#3PX#PLF TVCJOGMBUF@DPMVNOT\ NZTFMGTIJGU NZEBUBTFMGDPMVNOT EBUB\PEBJ^ TFMGIBOEMFGJOE@XJUI@DBDIF
PEBJ \JEEBUB\PEBJ@JE^^ SFUVSOEBUB ^ औಘ࣌ʹϦϨʔγϣϯઌͷ ΦϒδΣΫτΛΩϟογϡ͢Δ
ԾʹϦϨʔγϣϯઌͷPEBJQIPUP ͕Ωϟογϡ͞Ε͍ͯΔCPLFҰཡΛ औͬͯ͘Δ߹ 4&-&$5จҰൃͷΈͰϦϨʔγϣϯઌ ͷΦϒδΣΫτऔͬͯ͜ΕΔʂ
!CPLFTTFMGECTFBSDI CPLF \^ \PSEFS@CZ \JEBTD MJNJU^^ CPLFT<>\PEBJ^\QIPUP^\MBSHF@VSM^ .Z42-4&-&5$5 '30.CPLF03%&3#:JE"4$-*.*5
NFNDBDIFEHFUPEBJBCDEFG NFNDBDIFEHFUQIPUPBCDEFG NFNDBDIFEHFUPEBJBCDEFGH NFNDBDIFEHFUQIPUPBCDEFGH NFNDBDIFE͔ΒͷHFUͳͷͰेʹ͍ 3%#.4ͷෛՙΫΤϦҰൃͷΈ
Ωϟογϡͷഁغ w ΦϒδΣΫτͷߋ৽আ͕ͬͨ߹ͷΩϟογϡͷΫϦΞ w LFZੜ࣌ͱಉ͡Α͏ʹ03.BQQFSͷΫΤϦΛॻ͘ w ճ͕ଟ͘ແ͍ͷͰରԠͰ͖ͯΔ TFMGECEFMFUF@DBDIF PEBJ \JEPEBJ@JE^
ϥϯΩϯάͱ͔ ҰཡͷΩϟογϡ
ಁաతΩϟογϡΛ࠾༻ w ϞσϧʹDPOE BUUSΛҾͱͯ͠Β͏ϝιο υΛੜ͢ྫHFU@TPSUFE@FOUSJFT w BUUSͷϋογϡʹFYQJSFͷ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΕͦͷؒ ͚ͩΩϟογϡͤ͞ΕΔ NZTFMG
DPOE BUUS!@ TFMGECTFBSDI CPLF \^ \PSEFS@CZ\SBUF@TVN EFTD MJNJU FYQJSFBUUS\FYQJSF^^^
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯຖͷ্༷ Ωϟογϡͯ͠Α͚Ε ׆༻Λʂ
͔͕͠͠
ͦͷ໊
5IVOEFSJOH)FSE
௨ৗɺΩϟογϡʹ֨ೲ͞ΕΔσʔλɺͦΕͧΕ୯Ұͷ ੜଘ࣌ؒΛ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻɺසൟʹΞΫηε͞ΕΔ Ωϟογϡσʔλ͕ΤΫεύΠΞͨ͠ࡍʹൃੜ͠·͢ɻσʔ λ͕ΤΫεύΠϠͨ͠ॠ͔ؒΒɺฒߦʹΔෳͷΞϓϦ έʔγϣϯϩδοΫ͕ϛεώοτΛݕ͠ɺ͍ͣΕ͔ͷϓ ϩηε͕ΩϟογϡσʔλΛ֨ೲ͢Δ·ͰͷؒɺಉҰͷϦ ΫΤετ͕ଟɺόοΫΤϯυʹඈΜͰ͠·͏ͷͰ͢ɻ IUUQMBCTDZCP[VDPKQCMPHLB[VIPBSDIJWFTDBDIF@BOE@UIVOEFSJOH@IFSEQIQ
ਤղ
FYQJSF ेʹ͍ ेʹ͍ FYQJSFͨ͠ॠؒ ίϯςϯπͷੜ ΩϟογϡͷTFU ͜ͷظؒʹΞΫηε͕ू தͯ͠ίϯςϯπੜ͕ ଟॏʹΔ
Cache Thundering Herd Problem
%#ͷ$16ෛՙ
٧Ή
٧Ή
٧Ή
None
ղܾࡦ
&BSMZ&YQJSFT$BDIF CZLB[FCVSP IUUQCMPHOPNBETDBGFKQNFNDBDIFEUIVOEFSJOHIFSEIUNM
Έ w ௨ৗͷΩϟογϡ &YQJSF͕͍Ωϟογϡ w ্ه̎ͭΛNFNDBDIFEʹTFU w HFU࣌ʹͱ͋Δ֬Ͱ&YQJSF͕͍ํͷΩϟογϡ Λݟʹ͍͘ w
Ұఆͷ֬ͰΩϟογϡ͕ૣ͘ΕΔ w ҰʹίϯςϯπੜͰෛՙ͕͔͔ΔͷΛආ͚Δ w Ωϟογϡͷ༰ྔഒඞཁ
QBDLBHF&BSMZ&YQJSFT$BDIF TVCTFU@FF\ NZ TFMG LFZ WBMVF FYQJSFT !@ TFMGDBDIFTFU
LFZ WBMVF FYQJSFT TFMGDBDIFTFU LFZFF WBMVF FYQJSFTTFMG FBSMZ@FYQJSFT ^ TVCHFU@FF\ NZ TFMG LFZ !@ JG JOU SBOE TFMGSBUJP \ SFUVSOTFMGDBDIFHFU LFZFF ^ TFMGDBDIFHFU LFZ TFMGDBDIFHFU LFZFF ^ TVCEFMFUF@FF\ NZ TFMG LFZ !@ TFMGDBDIFEFMFUF LFZ TFMGDBDIFEFMFUF LFZFF ^ ࣌ؒࠩͰೋॏʹLFZΛTFU ಛఆͷׂ߹Ͱ͍DBDIFΛHFU
௨ৗ͜ͷରࡦͰ0,ʂ
ͨͩ͠
ϐʔΫ࣌ʹ·ͩߥΕΔ ॠఀ͕ى͜Δ
ਏ͍
ݪҼ ίϯςϯπੜ͕͍ ύϥϝʔλͷ͕࠷దͰͳ͍ ΞΫηε͕͋Δఔଟ͍
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-B[Z$BDIF ΦϨΦϨ
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۪ʹॻ͍ͨΒ͏·͍ͬͨ͘ ഉଞॲཧͱ͔ͯ͠ͳ͍͚Ͳ
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͜ͷΑ͏ʹΞϓϦʹΑͬͯ Ωϟογϡઓུ༷ʑʂ
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