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Chicago Roboto: What does Recomposition mean to...

Chicago Roboto: What does Recomposition mean to your app?

PRESENTED AT:
Chicago Roboto 2022

https://chicagoroboto.com/speaker/aida-issayeva/

DATE:
August 2, 2022 04:00 PM - 04:45 PM

ROOM:
Room 1

DESCRIPTION:
You’ve heard a lot that Jetpack Compose is a declarative UI toolkit and it recomposes only the components that changed. But what does it exactly mean? How does it apply not only in the scale of one composable function but the entire app? Well, it turns out there is more than meets the eye when it comes to recomposition, and in this talk, we will deep dive into its benefits, costs, and gotchas. You’ll learn some practical tips to efficiently build functions in Jetpack Compose.

MORE TALKS & ARTICLES FROM ME: https://cupsofcode.com/talks/

Aida Issayeva

August 02, 2022
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  1. What does Recomposition mean to your app? Aida Issayeva August

    2, 2022 Chicago Roboto @aida_isay Android GDE
  2. About me 🤖 Android GDE 󰠁 Sr. Software Engineer 󰠅

    WomenTechmakers' ambassador 🐦 @aida_isay 🌐 cupsofcode.com 📽 @aida_isay
  3. TODAY’S AGENDA 02 What is Recomposition? 03 Smart Recomposition 04

    Tools to detect & debug 05 Practical tips 01 Deep into the foundation 06 Jetpack Compose Paradigm
  4. Jetpack Compose paradigm UI widgets are functions They are stateless

    Different arguments, passed to the functions, trigger updates
  5. Compose Phases 1 Composition Calls composable functions and creates a

    description of the UI 2 Layout Measures the layout elements and their children and places them on the screen 3 Drawing Draws the UI elements to the screen
  6. From Android OS: • Context • Configuration • Lifecycle •

    Keyboard state • SavedStateInstance • etc CompositionLocals Entrance to Jetpack Compose class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { ... setContent { Card() } } }
  7. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list
  8. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list
  9. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list WindowRecomposer: LifecycleAware recomposer
  10. Android Lifecycle & Compose viewTreeLifecycleOwner .lifecycle.addObserver( object : LifecycleEventObserver {

    override fun onStateChanged (lifecycleOwner: LifecycleOwner , event: Lifecycle .Event) { val self = this when (event) { Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE -> runRecomposeScope .launch(start = CoroutineStart .UNDISPATCHED) { try { recomposer.runRecomposeAndApplyChanges() } finally { lifecycleOwner .lifecycle.removeObserver( self) } } Lifecycle .Event.ON_START -> pausableClock ?.resume() Lifecycle .Event.ON_STOP -> pausableClock ?.pause() Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY -> { recomposer.cancel() } Lifecycle .Event.ON_PAUSE -> { // Nothing } Lifecycle .Event.ON_RESUME -> { // Nothing } Lifecycle .Event.ON_ANY -> { // Nothing } } } } ) Android OS State Snapshot System
  11. State<String>(“Android”) State Snapshot System @Composable fun StateSnapshotSystem() { val name

    = remember { mutableStateOf(Android) } val isImportant = remember { mutableStateOf(false) } Column { Checkbox(checked = isImportant.value, onCheckedChange = { isImportant.value = !isImportant.value }) Text(text = name.value, modifier = Modifier.clickable { name.value = swapName(name.value) } ) } } State<Boolean>(false) State<String>(“Android”) State<Boolean>(true) State<Boolean>(false)
  12. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list
  13. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } }
  14. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } …..
  15. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. C A R D
  16. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. Group(456) C A R D C O L U M N
  17. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. Group(456) “Compose” C A R D C O L U M N
  18. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. Group(456) “Compose” Group(789) C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N
  19. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. Group(456) “Compose” Group(789) C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... }
  20. Composer & SlotTable @Composable fun Card() { Column { Text(

    text = "Compose", fontSize = 24.sp, fontWeight = FontWeight.Bold ) Button(onClick = { }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(123) ….. Group(456) “Compose” Group(789) “Click me” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... }
  21. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list
  22. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list UiApplier: Applier implementation WindowRecomposer: LifecycleAware recomposer
  23. Layout phase steps Column LayoutNode Button LayoutNode Text LayoutNode Text

    LayoutNode Root Node 1. Add child nodes bottom-up to the root node
  24. Layout phase steps Column LayoutNode Button LayoutNode Text LayoutNode Text

    LayoutNode Root Node 1. Add child nodes bottom-up to the root node 2. Measure the child nodes C O N S T R A I N T S
  25. Layout phase steps Column LayoutNode Button LayoutNode Text LayoutNode Text

    LayoutNode Root Node 1. Add child nodes bottom-up to the root node 2. Measure the child nodes 3. Define the size of a parent node C O N S T R A I N T S M E A S U R E D S I Z E
  26. Layout phase steps Column LayoutNode Button LayoutNode Text LayoutNode Text

    LayoutNode Root Node 1. Add child nodes bottom-up to the root node 2. Measure the child nodes 3. Define the size of a parent node 4. Place the child nodes on screen C O N S T R A I N T S M E A S U R E D S I Z E
  27. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list UiApplier: Applier implementation WindowRecomposer: LifecycleAware recomposer
  28. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list UiApplier: Applier implementation WindowRecomposer: LifecycleAware recomposer
  29. Recomposition in SlotTable: example 1 @Composable fun Card() { val

    counter = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } Column { Text(text = "Compose") Button(onClick = { counter.value++ }) { Text(text = "Click me $counter") } } } Group(456) ….. Group(789) “Compose” Group(101) “Click me 0” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... } Group(123) State(0) R E M E M B E R
  30. Recomposition in SlotTable: example 1 @Composable fun Card() { val

    counter = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } Column { Text(text = "Compose") Button(onClick = { counter.value++ }) { Text(text = "Click me $counter") } } } Group(456) ….. Group(789) “Compose” Group(101) “Click me 0” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... } Group(123) State(0) R E M E M B E R
  31. Recomposition in SlotTable: example 1 @Composable fun Card() { val

    counter = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } Column { Text(text = "Compose") Button(onClick = { counter.value++ }) { Text(text = "Click me $counter") } } } Group(456) ….. Group(789) “Compose” Group(101) “Click me 1” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... } Group(123) State(1) R E M E M B E R
  32. Recomposition in SlotTable: example 2 @Composable fun Card() { val

    counter = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } Column { Text(text = "Compose $counter") Button(onClick = { counter.value++ }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(456) ….. Group(789) “Compose 0” Group(101) “Click me” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... } Group(123) State(0) R E M E M B E R
  33. Recomposition in SlotTable: example 2 @Composable fun Card() { val

    counter = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } Column { Text(text = "Compose $counter") Button(onClick = { counter.value++ }) { Text(text = "Click me") } } } Group(456) ….. Group(789) “Compose 1” Group(101) “Click me” C A R D C O L U M N B U T T O N { ... } Group(123) State(1) R E M E M B E R
  34. Compose Phases 1 Composition Calls composable functions and creates a

    description of the UI 2 Layout Measures the layout elements and their children and places them on the screen 3 Drawing Draws the UI elements to the screen
  35. Inputs are stable Smart recomposition is an intelligent way to

    skip the recomposition of composable functions when their
  36. UI Compiler Runtime 1 Composition 2 Layout 3 Drawing Composition:

    1. SlotTable 2. Composer 3. Changes List Applier: UI materializer Recomposer: 1. State Snapshot System 2. Compositions - list UiApplier: Applier implementation WindowRecomposer: LifecycleAware recomposer
  37. Stable type contract rules The result of `equals()` function is

    the same All public properties are stable Public property is changed - composition is notified Rule 1 Rule 3 Rule 2
  38. Inferring Class stability 1 Visit each eligible class 2 Annotate

    with @StabilityInferred 3 Help Compiler to determine
  39. 1. Compose Compiler Metrics { "skippableComposables" : 64, "restartableComposables" :

    76, "readonlyComposables" : 0, "totalComposables" : 76 } Full analysis ✅ Release build ❗ Skippable fun ✅
  40. № of compositions ✅ № of skips ✅ No manual

    add ✅ Canary build ❗ JC v1.2.0-alpha03+ ❗ 4. Recomposition counter in Android Studio EE
  41. 1. Break down composable functions /** * 👍 : only

    associated column with changes gets recomposed. */ @Composable fun GoodGreetingsTip1() { Column { Greeting("Android", 1, Gray200) Greeting("Compose", 2, Brown200) } } @Composable fun Greeting(name: String, columnNumber: Int, background: Color) { Column { . . . } }
  42. 2. Use the key composable /** * 👍 : the

    key is set, and when item in the middle is removed, only LazyColumn gets recomposed * and not its children */ @Composable fun GoodGreetingsTip2(fruits: List<String>) { LazyColumn( modifier = Modifier .recompositionCounter("lazyColumn") ) { items( items = fruits, key = { it.name } ) { fruit -> Item(fruit) } } }
  43. 3. Read the state value at the lowest composable function

    /** * 👍 : only inner column and its children get recomposed, because the read happens * in one of the children. */ @Composable fun GoodGreetingsTip3(cardInfo: () -> CardInfo) { Column { UpperRow() GoodRow(cardInfo = cardInfo) } } @Composable private fun GoodRow(cardInfo: () -> CardInfo) { Row { GoodInnerColumn(cardInfo = cardInfo) } }
  44. 4. Use modifier lambdas /** * 👍: With the receiver

    lambda function (Modifier.offset{}) in place, this composable function doesn't get recomposed. */ @Composable private fun GoodGreetingsTip4(yAxis: () -> Int) { Row( modifier = Modifier .offset { IntOffset(y = yAxis(), x = 0) }, verticalAlignment = Alignment.Bottom ) { . . . } }
  45. 5. Utilize `derivedStateOf()` /** * 👍 : Only BottomBar gets

    recomposed whenever hideBottomBar's calculated state changes */ @Composable private fun GoodGreetingsTip5(list: List<FruitRow>) { val listState = rememberLazyListState() val hideBottomBar = remember { derivedStateOf { listState.isScrollInProgress } } Scaffold(bottomBar = { AnimatedVisibility(visible = !hideBottomBar.value) { BottomAppBar(content = { BottomNavigationItems ()}) } }, content = { LazyColumn(state = listState) { . . . } })
  46. 6. Tips worth repeating: Logic out of composables Execution in

    any order & parallel Side-effect free ViewModels Callbacks Optimization
  47. Recap UI widgets are composable functions 3 Compose Phases UI

    widgets go through are Composition, Layout, Draw Recomposition is an expected process 3 Compose Layers Jetpack Compose uses to create composable functions: Compiler, Runtime, UI Practical tips should be used to avoid common recomposition pitfalls Smart recomposition should be leveraged as much as possible to teach Compiler
  48. Resources 1. Jetpack Compose Internals 2. Jetpack Compose source code

    3. Understanding Jetpack Compose — part 1 of 2 4. Understanding Jetpack Compose — part 2 of 2 5. Recomposition made easy 6. RecomposeHighlighter code snippet 7. Compose Compiler Metrics 8. A historical introduction to the Compose reactive state model 9. What is “donut-hole” skipping in Jetpack Compose? 10. Compose performance 11. Composable Metrics 12. Thinking in Compose 13. Jetpack Compose Phases 14. Jetpack Compose Lifecycle 15. Compose Tooling Recomposition tips code samples