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Building APIs in an easy way using API Platform

Building APIs in an easy way using API Platform

The web has changed! Users spend more time on mobile than on desktops and expect to have an amazing user experience on both. APIs are the heart of the new web as the central point of access data, encapsulating logic and providing the same data and same features for desktops and mobiles.

In this workshop, Paula and Antonio will show you how to create complex APIs in an easy and quick way using API Platform built on Symfony.

Repository: https://github.com/locastic/wscAPI2017

Antonio Peric-Mazar

September 11, 2017
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  1. Building APIs in an easy way using API Platform Paula

    Čučuk, Antonio Perić-Mažar 30.08.2017., #websc
  2. Locastic • We help clients create amazing web and mobile

    apps (since 2011) • mobile development • web development • UX/UI • Training and Consulting • Shift Conference, Symfony Croatia • www.locastic.com @locastic
  3. The web has changed • Javascript webapps are standard (SPA)

    • Users spend more time on using mobile devices than desktop or TV. • Linked Data and the semantic web are a reality
  4. APIs are the heart of this new web • Central

    point to access data (R/W data) • Encapsulate business logic • Same data and same features for desktops, mobiles, TVs and etc • It is stateless (PHP Sessions make horizontal scaling harder)
  5. Client Apps • HTML5 (SPA), mobile apps, TVs, Cars etc.

    • Holds all the presentation logic • Is downloaded first (SPA, shell model) • Queries the API to retrieve and modify data using AJAX • Is 100% composed of HTML, JavaScript and assets (CSS and etc) • Can be hosted on a CDN
  6. Immediate benefits • Speed (even on mobile) • Scalability and

    robustness • Development comfort • Long term benefits
  7. Immediate benefits • Speed (even on mobile) • Scalability and

    robustness • Development comfort • Long term benefits • … and no, SEO and SMO are no more drawbacks
  8. HTTP + REST + JSON • Work everywhere • Lightweight

    • Stateless • HTTP has a powerful caching model • Extensible (JSON-LD, Hydra, Swagger, HAL…) • High quality tooling
  9. HATEOAS / Linked Data • Hypermedia as the Engine of

    Application State • Hypermedia: IRI as identifier • Ability to reference external data (like hypertext links) • Auto discoverable <=> Generic clients
  10. JSON-LD (JSON for Linked Data) • Standard: W3C recommandation (since

    2014) • Machine readable data • Easy to use: looks like a typical JSON document • Already used by Gmail, GitHub, BBC, Microsoft, US gov… • Compliant with technologies of the semantic web: RDF, SPARQL, triple store… • Good for SEO
  11. Hydra • Describe REST APIs in JSON-LD • = write

    support • = auto-discoverable APIs • = standard for collections, paginations, errors, filters • Draft W3C (Work In Progress)
  12. { "@context": "/contexts/Book", "@id": "/books/2", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 2, "isbn":

    "9790070863971", "description": "A long but very interesting story about REST and asyncio.", "author": "The life!", "title": "X", "publicationDate": "2002-01-29T00:00:00+00:00" }
  13. { "@context": "/contexts/Book", "@id": "/books", "@type": "hydra:Collection", "hydra:member": [ {

    "@id": "/books/2", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 2, "isbn": "9790070863971", "description": "A long but very interesting story about REST and asyncio.", "author": "The life!", "title": "X", "publicationDate": "2002-01-29T00:00:00+00:00" }, … { "@id": "/books/31", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 31, "isbn": "9791943452827", "description": "Tempora voluptas ut dolorem voluptates. Provident natus ipsam fugiat est ipsam quia. Sint mollitia sed facere qui sit. Ad iusto molestias iusto autem laboriosam nulla earum eius.", "author": "Miss Gladyce Nader I", "title": "Voluptas doloremque esse dolor qui illo placeat harum voluptatem.", "publicationDate": "1970-10-11T00:00:00+00:00" } ], "hydra:totalItems": 125, "hydra:view": { "@id": "/books?page=1", "@type": "hydra:PartialCollectionView", "hydra:first": "/books?page=1", "hydra:last": "/books?page=5", "hydra:next": "/books?page=2" } }
  14. API Platform: the promise • Fully featured API supporting Swagger

    + JSON-LD + Hydra + HAL in minutes • An auto generated doc • Convenient API spec and test tools using Behat • Easy authentication management with JWT or OAuth • CORS and HTTP cache • All the tools you love: Doctrine ORM, Monolog, Swiftmailer...
  15. API Platform <3 Symfony • Built on top of Symfony

    full-stack • Install any existing SF bundles • Follow SF Best Practices • Use your Symfony skills • Can be used in your existing SF app • (Optional) tightly integrated with Doctrine
  16. Features • CRUD • Filters • Serializations groups and relations

    • Validation • Pagination • The event system • Content Negotion • Extensions • HTTP and reverse proxy caching • JS Admin apps • etc
  17. Setup $ git fetch --all $ git pull $ php

    bin/console doctrine:schema:update —force
  18. CRUD <?php namespace AppBundle\Entity; use FOS\UserBundle\Model\User as BaseUser; class Player

    extends BaseUser { protected $id; private $firstName; private $lastName; protected $email; // ... } # UserBundle/Resources/config/ api_resources/resources.yml resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player:~
  19. { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "FlightReservation", "reservationNumber": "RXJ34P", "reservationStatus": "http://schema.org/Confirmed", "underName":

    { "@type": "Person", "name": "Eva Green" }, "reservationFor": { "@type": "Flight", "flightNumber": "110", "airline": { "@type": "Airline", "name": "United", "iataCode": "UA" }, "departureAirport": { "@type": "Airport", "name": "San Francisco Airport", "iataCode": "SFO" }, "departureTime": "2017-03-04T20:15:00-08:00", "arrivalAirport": { "@type": "Airport", "name": "John F. Kennedy International Airport", "iataCode": "JFK" }, "arrivalTime": "2017-03-05T06:30:00-05:00" } }
  20. Serialization Groups • API Platform Core allows to choose which

    attributes of the resource are exposed during the normalization (read) and denormalization (write) process. It relies on the serialization (and deserialization) groups feature of the Symfony Serializer component. • allows to specify the definition of serialization using XML, YAML, or annotations.
  21. <?php namespace AppBundle\Entity; use FOS\UserBundle\Model\User as BaseUser; use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Groups; class

    Player extends BaseUser { /** * @var int */ protected $id; /** * @Groups({"player_read", "player_write"}) */ private $firstName; /** * @Groups({"player_read", "player_write"}) */ private $lastName; /** * @Groups({"player_read", "player_write"}) */ protected $email; // ... } # UserBundle/Resources/api_resources/resources.yml resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player: attributes: normalization_context: groups: ['player_read'] denormalization_context: groups: ['player_write']
  22. Using Different Serialization Groups per Operation # UserBundle/Resources/api_resources/resources.yml resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player:

    itemOperations: get: method: 'GET' normalization_context: groups: ['player_read', 'player_extra'] put: method: 'PUT' delete: method: 'DELETE' attributes: normalization_context: groups: ['player_read'] denormalization_context: groups: ['player_write']
  23. JSON Web Token (JWT) • Lightweight and simple authentication system

    • Stateless: token signed and verified server-side then stored client-side and sent with each request in an Authorization header • Store the token in the browser local storage
  24. API and JWT Integration • We need to install and

    configure • LexikJWTAuthenticationBundle • JWTRefreshTokenBundle
  25. // src/AppBundle/EventSubscriber/MatchEventSubscriber.php class MatchEventSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface { private $matchHelper; public

    function __construct(MatchHelper $matchHelper) { $this->matchHelper = $matchHelper; } public static function getSubscribedEvents() { return [ KernelEvents::VIEW => [['addWinner', EventPriorities::POST_VALIDATE]], ]; } public function addWinner(GetResponseForControllerResultEvent $event) { $match = $event->getControllerResult(); $method = $event->getRequest()->getMethod(); if(!$match instanceof Match || $method !== 'POST') { return; } $winner = $this->matchHelper->getWinner($match); $match->setWinner($winner); } }
  26. Pagination # app/config/config.yml api_platform: # ... collection: pagination: items_per_page: 30

    # Default value client_items_per_page: true # Disabled by default items_per_page_parameter_name: itemsPerPage # Default value client_enabled: true # optional enabled_parameter_name: pagination # optional page_parameter_name: _page # optional
  27. Operations • API Platform Core relies on the concept of

    operations. Operations can be applied to a resource exposed by the API. From an implementation point of view, an operation is a link between a resource, a route and its related controller. • There are two types of operations: • Collection operations act on a collection of resources. By default two routes are implemented: POST and GET. • Item operations act on an individual resource. 3 default routes are defined GET, PUT and DELETE.
  28. Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"})

    */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; }
  29. Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"})

    */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; } class MatchController extends Controller { /** * @param Match $data * * @return Match */ public function getMatchAction($data) { $result = $data->getPlayerOne() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerOnePoints().':' .$data->getPlayerTwoPoints() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerTwo(); $data->setResult($result); return $data; } }
  30. Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"})

    */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; } class MatchController extends Controller { /** * @param Match $data * * @return Match */ public function getMatchAction($data) { $result = $data->getPlayerOne() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerOnePoints().':' .$data->getPlayerTwoPoints() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerTwo(); $data->setResult($result); return $data; } } # app/config/routing.yml get_match: path: /api/v1/matches/{id}.{_format} methods: ['GET'] defaults: _controller: AppBundle:Match:getMatch _api_resource_class: AppBundle\Entity\Match _api_item_operation_name: get
  31. Extensions • API Platform Core provides a system to extend

    queries on items and collections. • Custom extensions must implement the ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Extension\Query CollectionExtensionInterface and / or the ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Extension\Query ItemExtensionInterface interfaces, to be run when querying for a collection of items and when querying for an item respectively.
  32. class GetPlayersExtension implements QueryCollectionExtensionInterface, QueryItemExtensionInterface { public function applyToItem( QueryBuilder

    $queryBuilder, QueryNameGeneratorInterface $queryNameGenerator, string $resourceClass, array $identifiers, string $operationName = null, array $context = [] ) { $this->addWhere($queryBuilder, $resourceClass, $operationName); } public function applyToCollection( QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, QueryNameGeneratorInterface $queryNameGenerator, string $resourceClass, string $operationName = null ) { $this->addWhere($queryBuilder, $resourceClass, $operationName); } private function addWhere(QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, string $resourceClass, string $operationName = null) { if ($resourceClass != Player::class || $operationName != 'get') { return; } $rootAlias = $queryBuilder->getRootAliases()[0]; $queryBuilder->andWhere( $queryBuilder->expr()->eq($rootAlias.'.enabled', ':enabled') )->setParameter('enabled', true); } }
  33. services: app.extension.get_players: class: AppBundle\Doctrine\ORM\Extension\GetPlayersExtension public: false tags: - { name:

    api_platform.doctrine.orm.query_extension.collection, priority: 9 } - { name: api_platform.doctrine.orm.query_extension.item }
  34. Filters • If Doctrine ORM support is enabled, adding filters

    is as easy as registering a filter service in your app/config/services.yml file and adding an attribute to your resource configuration. • Filters add extra conditions to base database query • Useful filters for the Doctrine ORM are provided with the library. You can also create custom filters that would fit your specific needs.
  35. Filters • Search filter (partial, start, end, exact, ipartial, iexact)

    • Date filter (?property[<after|before>]=value ) • Boolean filter (?property=[true|false|1|0]) • Numeric filter (?property=int|bigint|decimal) • Range filter (?property[lt]|[gt]|[lte]|[gte]|[between]=value) • Order filter (?order[property]=<asc|desc>) • Custom filters
  36. Filters examples # AppBundle/Resources/config/api_resources/resources.yml resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player: # ... attributes: filters:

    ['player.search', 'player.order'] AppBundle\Entity\Match: # ... attributes: filters: ['match.date'] services: player.search_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.search_filter' arguments: [ { id: 'exact', email: 'exact', firstName: 'partial' } ] tags: [ { name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'player.search' } ] match.date_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.date_filter' arguments: [ { datetime: ~ } ] tags: [ { name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'match.date' } ] player.order_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.order_filter' arguments: [{ firstName: 'ASC', lastName: 'ACS', email: ~ }] tags: [{ name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'player.order' }]
  37. Per Resource Authorization Mechanism namespace AppBundle\Entity; use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource; use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping

    as ORM; /** * @ApiResource( * attributes={"is_granted"="has_role('ROLE_ADMIN')"}, * itemOperations={ * "get"={"method"="GET", "is_granted"="object.getOwner() == user"} * } * ) * @ORM\Entity */ class Secured { /** * @ORM\Column(type="integer") * @ORM\Id * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO") */ public $id; /** * @ORM\Column(type="text") */ public $owner;
  38. Subresources Support /** * @ApiResource */ class Product { /**

    * @ApiProperty(subcollection=true) */ public $reviews; } /** * http://example.com/products/1/reviews */
  39. Specs and tests with Behat Behat and its Behatch extension

    make testing and API easy. # features/put.feature Scenario: Update a resource When I send a "PUT" request to "/people/1" with body: """ { "name": "Kevin" } """ Then the response status code should be 200 And the response should be in JSON And the header "Content-Type" should be equal to "application/ld+json" And the JSON should be equal to: """ { "@context": "/contexts/Person", "@id": "/people/1", "@type": "Person", "name": "Kevin", "address": null } """
  40. More features • ReactJS Based Admin generator • A React/Redux

    Webapp Generator • AngularJS app bootstrap • Symfony Flex support • Brand new docker setup (with varnish)
  41. QA?