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Using Tomorrow's CSS Today
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Brian Graves
April 28, 2016
Design
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Using Tomorrow's CSS Today
Brian Graves
April 28, 2016
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Transcript
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Brian Graves @briangraves
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http://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcompany/imagecache/1280/poster/2015/11/3054003-poster-p-1-dont-give-a-hoverboard-this-christmas.jpg
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https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-jijITfbqlCk/UUeCfITz0wI/AAAAAAAAQuc/1PjBKq-6KzM/s630-fcrop64=1%2C000033fafffff833/135486852774.jpg
The Web
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Tables
Absolute Positioning / Floats / Inline-Block
Flexbox / Grids
CSS in 2016 is Amazing.
WHERE HAVE WE BEEN?
There is No CSS3! And other facts about how standards
are made.
Despite the popularity of the “CSS3” buzzword, there is actually
no spec defining such a thing. – Lea Verou
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Animation
Typography
Layout
“CSS is not a real language”
Problems with CSS • Cross-browser compatibility issues • Vendor prefixes
• No variables • No inline importing • No nested selectors • No functions • No color manipulation • No basic arithmetic
Things That Make Our Lives Easier
Rise of the Preprocessors. How we filled in the gaps.
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.row { @include display-flex; background-color: $color-blue; } .row { display:
-webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; background-color: #173fb1; }
Do Preprocessors Solve The Problem?
Preprocessors Perpetuate A Problem. – Aaron Ladage
More & More Layers of Abstraction
Problems with Preprocessors • Not real front-end code • Proprietary
syntax • Often written in non front-end languages • Not as easily extensible • Must be compiled • Compile times can be slow • Browsers are catching up
Preprocessors? Where we’re going, we don’t need preprocessors.
THE FUTURE OF CSS IS NOW
Variables
Mixins/Extends
Color Functions
Nesting
Custom Media Queries
PostCSS
.row { @include display-flex; background: $color-blue; } .row { display:
-webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; background-color: #173fb1; }
.row { display: flex; background: var(--color-blue); } .row { display:
-webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; background-color: #173fb1; }
PostCSS Advantages • Write CSS using CSS • Use CSS3
without worry • Even Use CSS4 • Modular (Use only what you need) • Faster compile times • Built on Node • No Ruby dependencies • Easier to debug • Tons of existing plugins • Can’t find a plugin? Write one in javascript.
Autoprefixer
PostCSS Ecosystem • Autoprefixer • PostCSS-nested • PostCSS-color-function • PostCSS-calc
• PostCSS-custom-properties • PostCSS-apply • PostCSS-custom-media • CSSNext • PostCSS-import • Can’t find a plugin? Write one in javascript.
CSS Custom Properties (variables)
:root { --color-blue: #0A81C4; --color-blue-dark: #005581; } .element { color:
var(--color-blue); } .element:hover { color: var(--color-blue-dark); }
Just because you may like Sass variable syntax more does
not mean that you should just forsake the new spec. – Jake Albaugh http://codepen.io/jakealbaugh/post/css4-variables-and-sass
http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-variables
Variables lose their value if you have to constantly track
down what they represent. – Ryan Heap
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@Apply (mixins/extends)
:root { --clearfix: { display: table; clear: both; content: ‘’;
}; } .element:after { @apply --clearfix; }
https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5753701012602880
Color Functions
.element { color: #1982C5; } .element--modifier { color: color(#1982C5 tint(40%));
}
.element { color: #1982C5; } .element--modifier { color: color(#1982C5 shade(40%));
}
CSS Color Functions • Tints & Shades • RGBA Adjustment
• HSL/HWB Adjustment • Color Blending (blend & blenda) • Guarantee Contrast
/* combine with variables to create palettes */ :root {
--color-blue: #1982C5; --color-blue-light: color( var(--color-blue) tint(40%) ); --color-blue-dark: color( var(--color-blue) shade(40%) ); }
/* map variables to variables */ :root { --color-text: var(--color-blue);
--color-text-light: color( var(--color-text) tint(40%) ); --color-text-dark: color( var(--color-text) shade(40%) ); }
/* map variables to variables */ :root { --color-text: var(--color-orange);
--color-text-light: color( var(--color-text) tint(40%) ); --color-text-dark: color( var(--color-text) shade(40%) ); }
Nesting
.element { color: blue; {&.modifier { color: red; }} }
.element { color: blue; {&.modifier { color: red; }} }
.element { color: blue; &.modifier { color: red; } }
.im { .a { .way { .over { .nested {
.selector { color: red; } } } } } }
Custom Media Queries
@custom-media --small (min-width: 30em); @media (--small) { .element { font-size:
1.5rem; } }
@media only screen and (min-width: 30em) { .element { font-size:
1.5rem; } }
@custom-media --small (min-width: 30em); @media (--small) { .element { font-size:
1.5rem; } }
New Media Query Syntax
@media (width >= 30em) and (width <= 60em) { .element
{ font-size: 1.5rem; } }
@media (min-width: 30em) and (max-width: 60em) { .element { font-size:
1.5rem; } }
Partials & Globbing
/* generated with grunt-sass-globbing */ @import "utilities/variables"; @import "utilities/mixins"; @import
"utilities/reset"; @import “utilities/breakpoints"; @import “atoms/buttons"; @import “atoms/headings"; @import “atoms/icons"; @import “atoms/text"; @import “molecules/components/disclaimer“; …
Problems with CSS • Cross-browser compatibility issues • Vendor prefixes
• No variables • No inline importing • No nested selectors • No functions/mixins • No color manipulation • No basic arithmetic
Problems with CSS • Cross-browser compatibility issues • Vendor prefixes
• No variables • No inline importing • No nested selectors • No functions/mixins • No color manipulation • No basic arithmetic
Problems with CSS • Cross-browser compatibility issues • Vendor prefixes
• No variables • No inline importing • No nested selectors • No functions/mixins • No color manipulation • No basic arithmetic
One Day…
Let’s Get As Close As We Can To The Real
Thing
@briangraves Thank You!