Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Scaling Rails for Black Friday / Cyber Monday a...
Search
Christian Joudrey
February 18, 2015
Technology
6
5.8k
Scaling Rails for Black Friday / Cyber Monday at Shopify
Talk given at ConFoo 2015 on February 18th, 2015 and RailsConf 2015.
Christian Joudrey
February 18, 2015
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Christian Joudrey
See All by Christian Joudrey
Writing NES games! with assembly!!
cjoudrey
1
720
Developing at Scale
cjoudrey
3
470
Tips and Tricks from Shopify's codebase
cjoudrey
2
560
Scaling Shopify
cjoudrey
3
530
#pairwithme
cjoudrey
3
250
Two-factor authentication
cjoudrey
4
380
Automate your Infrastructure with Chef
cjoudrey
9
600
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
継続戦闘能⼒
sansantech
PRO
0
220
令和トラベルQAのAI活用
seigaitakahiro
0
520
JNation 2025 - Quarkus for Spring Developers
edeandrea
PRO
0
110
データ戦略部門 紹介資料
sansan33
PRO
1
3.1k
TechBull Membersの開発進捗どうですか!?
rvirus0817
0
210
大手企業のAIツール導入の壁を越えて:サイバーエージェントのCursor活用戦略
gunta
19
4.4k
Javaアプリケーションの配布とパッケージング / Distribution and packaging of Java applications
hogelog
1
170
うちの会社の評判は?SNSの投稿分析にAIを使ってみた
doumae
0
160
エンジニアが組織に馴染むために勉強会を主催してチームの壁を越える
ohmori_yusuke
2
120
会社紹介資料 / Sansan Company Profile
sansan33
PRO
6
360k
Oracle Base Database Service 技術詳細
oracle4engineer
PRO
8
65k
Slackひと声でブログ校正!Claudeレビュー自動化編
yusukeshimizu
3
180
Featured
See All Featured
Sharpening the Axe: The Primacy of Toolmaking
bcantrill
42
2.3k
Evolution of real-time – Irina Nazarova, EuRuKo, 2024
irinanazarova
8
750
Bash Introduction
62gerente
614
210k
Chrome DevTools: State of the Union 2024 - Debugging React & Beyond
addyosmani
6
660
Building Applications with DynamoDB
mza
95
6.4k
The Web Performance Landscape in 2024 [PerfNow 2024]
tammyeverts
5
620
Side Projects
sachag
454
42k
Principles of Awesome APIs and How to Build Them.
keavy
126
17k
Typedesign – Prime Four
hannesfritz
41
2.6k
Refactoring Trust on Your Teams (GOTO; Chicago 2020)
rmw
34
3k
How to Think Like a Performance Engineer
csswizardry
23
1.6k
Navigating Team Friction
lara
186
15k
Transcript
scaling rails for Black Friday Cyber Monday
cjoudrey @
None
None
None
None
None
the stack
nginx unicorn • rails 4 • mysql 5.6 (percona) ruby
2.1 •
95 app servers 1,800 unicorn workers 18 job servers 1,400
job workers
scale?
None
400,000 reqs/min
3.7B$ annual GMV that’s 7,000$ per min
Black Friday Cyber Monday
Black Friday Cyber FUNday
None
~ 600,000 reqs/min
1 request 1 process =
scale++ ↓ resp. time ↑ workers
page caching
None
None
shopify/cacheable
generational caching
gzip • etag + 304 not modified
class PostsController < ApplicationController def index response_cache do @posts =
@shop.posts.paginate(params[:page]) respond_with(@posts) end end def cache_key_data { shop_id: @shop.id, path: request.path, format: request.format, params: params.slice(:page), shop_version: @shop.version } end end
md5( { shop_id: 1, path: '/posts', format: 'text/html', params: {
page: 2 }, shop_version: 123 }.to_s ) GET /posts?page=2
None
sale
query caching
shopify/identity_cache
full model caching
opt-in by design
after_commit expiry
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base include IdentityCache has_many :images cache_has_many :images,
:embed => true end product = Product.fetch(id) images = product.fetch_images
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base include IdentityCache cache_index :shop_id, :handle, :unique
=> true end Product.fetch_by_shop_id_and_handle(shop_id, handle)
None
sale
background jobs
webhooks emails • fraud detection • payment processing
None
priority queues payment • default • low realtime •
throttling
now what?
measure it! if it moves...
statsd
shopify/statsd-instrument
Liquid::Template.extend StatsD::Instrument Liquid::Template.statsd_measure :render, 'Liquid.Template.render'
PaymentProcessingJob.statsd_count :perform, 'PaymentProcessingJob.processed'
None
None
load testing
genghis khan
simulate Black Friday Cyber Monday before it happens
several times per week
slow queries
# User@Host: shopify[shopify] @ [127.0.0.1] # Thread_id: 264419969 Schema: shopify
Last_errno: 0 Killed: 0 # Query_time: 0.150491 Lock_time: 0.000057 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 147841 Rows_affected: 0 Rows_read: 147841 # Bytes_sent: 1214 Tmp_tables: 0 Tmp_disk_tables: 0 Tmp_table_sizes: 0 # InnoDB_trx_id: FF7021AAA # QC_Hit: No Full_scan: No Full_join: No Tmp_table: No Tmp_table_on_disk: No # Filesort: Yes Filesort_on_disk: No Merge_passes: 0 # InnoDB_IO_r_ops: 0 InnoDB_IO_r_bytes: 0 InnoDB_IO_r_wait: 0.000000 # InnoDB_rec_lock_wait: 0.000000 InnoDB_queue_wait: 0.000000 # InnoDB_pages_distinct: 475 SET timestamp=1393385020; SELECT `discounts`.* FROM `discounts` WHERE `discounts`.`shop_id` = 1745470 AND `discounts`.`status` = 'enabled' ORDER BY ISNULL(ends_at) DESC, ends_at DESC LIMIT 1
determining root cause
https://github.com/newobj/nginx-x-rid-header nginx request_id header proxy_set_header X-Request-ID "$request_id"; log_format main '...
$request_id' step 1
https://gist.github.com/mnutt/566725 Complete 200 OK in 100ms (Views: 60ms | ActiveRecord:
40ms | request_id=bc12813bce...) log_process_action ActionController::Instrumentation step 2
https://github.com/basecamp/marginalia User Load (0.3ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id`
= 1 LIMIT 1 /*application:Shopify, controller:users,action:show, request_id:bc12813bce...*/ basecamp/marginalia step 3
# User@Host: shopify[shopify] @ [127.0.0.1] # Thread_id: 264419969 Schema: shopify
Last_errno: 0 Killed: 0 # Query_time: 0.150491 Lock_time: 0.000057 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 147841 Rows_affected: 0 Rows_read: 147841 # Bytes_sent: 1214 Tmp_tables: 0 Tmp_disk_tables: 0 Tmp_table_sizes: 0 # InnoDB_trx_id: FF7021AAA # QC_Hit: No Full_scan: No Full_join: No Tmp_table: No Tmp_table_on_disk: No # Filesort: Yes Filesort_on_disk: No Merge_passes: 0 # InnoDB_IO_r_ops: 0 InnoDB_IO_r_bytes: 0 InnoDB_IO_r_wait: 0.000000 # InnoDB_rec_lock_wait: 0.000000 InnoDB_queue_wait: 0.000000 # InnoDB_pages_distinct: 475 SET timestamp=1393385020; SELECT `discounts`.* FROM `discounts` WHERE `discounts`.`shop_id` = 1745470 AND `discounts`.`status` = 'enabled' ORDER BY ISNULL(ends_at) DESC, ends_at DESC LIMIT 1 /*application:Shopify,controller:orders,action:pay, request_id:bc12813bce...*/ profit!
access.log rails.log slow_query.log profit! (2)
bonus! background jobs
schema migration with zero downtime
soundcloud/lhm
class NewIndexOnOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up Lhm.change_table :orders do |m|
m.add_index [:shop_id, :customer_id] end end def self.down # end end
orders 20140520_orders
insert/delete/update triggers
INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... insert/delete/update triggers
async caveat
resiliency
A resilient system is one that functions with one or
more components being unavailable or unacceptably slow. -
don’t let a take you down minor dependencies
shopify/toxiproxy ☢ redis memcached sessions your app toxiproxy
def load_customer if customer_id = session[:customer_id] @customer = Customer.find_by_id(customer_id) end
end
def load_customer if customer_id = session[:customer_id] @customer = Customer.find_by_id(customer_id) end
rescue Sessions::DataStoreUnavailable @customer = nil end
def test_storefront_resilient_to_sessions_down Toxiproxy[:sessions_data_store].down do get '/' assert_response :success end end
rinse & repeat http://www.shopify.com/technology/16906928-building-and-testing-resilient-ruby-on-rails-applications
what about resources? slow
shard 2 shard 3 shard 1 shop 4, 5, 6
shop 7, 8, 9 shop 1, 2, 3
rails request shard 2 shard 3 shard 1 shop 4,
5, 6 shop 7, 8, 9 shop 1, 2, 3
rails request shard 2 shard 3 shard 1 shop 4,
5, 6 shop 7, 8, 9 shop 1, 2, 3
how can we fail fast?
shopify/semian smart circuit-breaker
shopify/semian Semian.register(:mysql_shard_1, tickets: 5, timeout: 0.5, error_threshold: 100, error_timeout: 10,
success_threshold: 2)
shopify/semian Semian[:mysql_shard_1].acquire do # Query the resource end
rails request shard 2 shard 3 shard 1 shop 4,
5, 6 shop 7, 8, 9 shop 1, 2, 3
what else can go wrong?
Shopify Shipping rate providers Payment gateways Fulfillment services (FedEX, UPS,
USPS, etc..) (Stripe, PayPal, etc..) (Shipwire, etc…) Internal services (MySQL, Memcached, etc..)
manual circuit breakers around external dependencies
thanks! :)