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様々なメトリクスやログを集めてシステム解析 - Elastic Stackの入門と活用 - /...
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Jun Ohtani
October 27, 2018
Technology
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様々なメトリクスやログを集めてシステム解析 - Elastic Stackの入門と活用 - / Getting started Elastic Stack for logging/metrics
OSC 2018 Tokyo/Fall での発表資料になります。
Jun Ohtani
October 27, 2018
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Transcript
!1 2018/10/27 Community Engineer @Elastic Jun Ohtani @johtani ༷ʑͳϝτϦΫεϩάΛूΊͯγεςϜղੳ
- Elastic Stackͷೖͱ׆༻ -
!2 ΞδΣϯμ • ϝτϦοΫʗϩάͱʁ • γεςϜϝτϦΫεղੳɺϩάղੳΛࢼ͠ʹͬͯΈΑ͏ • Beats - Elasticsearch
- KibanaͰղੳ • ຊ֨తʹղੳΛΔʹʁ • LogstashͰϩάϝτϦΫεΛதܧɾू • ͞Βʹ৭ʑࢼͯ͠ΈΔʹʁ
!3 about • Me, Jun Ohtani / Community Engineer ‒
lucene-gosenίϛολʔ ‒ σʔλੳج൫ߏஙೖ ڞஶ ‒ http://blog.johtani.info • Elastic, founded in 2012 ‒ Products: Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, Beats Elastic APM, Elastic Cloud, Swiftype Professional services: Support & development subscriptions Trainings, Consulting, SaaS
!4 ͲΜͳϝτϦοΫɺ ϩάΛूΊ͍ͯ·͔͢ʁ
!5 ϝτϦοΫ • CPUɺϝϞϦ༻ɺσΟεΫ༻ • ΞΫηεɺωοτϫʔΫసૹྔ • Ԡ࣌ؒ • ίωΫγϣϯ
• τϥϯβΫγϣϯɺച্ • ίϯςφͷ্ͷ֤छϝτϦΫε
!6 ϩά • ೝূϩά • γεςϜϩά • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩά • Slow
log • ΞΫηεϩά • ίϯςφͷதͷϩά
!7 Ͱ͖ΕϩάͱϝτϦοΫΛ ·ͱΊͯ1ͭͷը໘Ͱ ݟ͍ͨͰ͢ΑͶʁ
!8 Elastic Stack
Elastic Stack อଘɺݕࡧɺੳ Elasticsearch ՄࢹԽɺཧ Kibana Beats ΠϯδΣετ Logstash
Metrics Logging APM Site Search Application Search Business Analytics Enterprise
Search Security Analytics Future ιϦϡʔγϣϯ อଘɺݕࡧɺੳ ՄࢹԽɺཧ ΠϯδΣετ Kibana Elasticsearch Beats Logstash Elastic Stack
Metrics Logging APM Site Search App Search Business Analytics Enterprise
Search Security Analytics Future ιϦϡʔγϣϯ SaaS Elastic Cloud Self Managed Elastic Cloud Enterprise Standalone σϓϩΠ อଘɺݕࡧɺੳ ՄࢹԽɺཧ ΠϯδΣετ Kibana Elasticsearch Beats Logstash Elastic Stack
อଘɺݕࡧɺੳ Elasticsearch ՄࢹԽɺཧ Kibana Beats ΠϯδΣετ Logstash Metrics Logging APM
Site Search Application Search Business Analytics Enterprise Search Security Analytics Future ιϦϡʔγϣϯ SaaS Elastic Cloud Self Managed Elastic Cloud Enterprise Standalone σϓϩΠ Elastic Stack
!13 ఆܕͷϝτϦΫε/ϩάղੳΛ Elastic StackͰ
!14 ϝτϦοΫɾϩάੳʢ؆қ൛ʣ Beats Log Files Metrics Wire Data Kibana Instances
Elasticsearch Nodes
!15
16 Beats ܰྔσʔλγούʔ ιʔε͔ΒσʔλΛసૹ సૹ͠Elasticsearchʹू มͱύʔεͷͨΊ Logstashʹసૹ Elastic Cloudʹసૹ Libbeat:
ΧελϜbeatsͷͨ ΊͷAPIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ 30Ҏ্ͷίϛϡχςΟbeats
The Beats family Heartbeat Uptime monitoring Filebeat Log files Winlogbeat
Windows Event Logs Packetbeat Network data +40 community Beats Metricbeat Metrics Auditbeat Audit data
Collect system and application metrics Metricbeat
lots of modules Metricbeat
!20 Metricbeat Ϟδϡʔϧ • Aerospike module • Apache module •
Ceph module • Couchbase module • Docker module • Dropwizard module • Elasticsearch module • Etcd module • Golang module • Graphite module • HAProxy module • HTTP module • Jolokia module • Kafka module • Kibana module • Kubernetes module • kvm module • Logstash module • Memcached module • MongoDB module • Munin module • MySQL module • Nginx module • • PHP_FPM module • PostgreSQL module • Prometheus module • RabbitMQ module • Redis module • System module • uwsgi module • vSphere module • Windows module • ZooKeeper module
tail log from file Filebeat
many modules Filebeat
Filebeat modules - v6.4.2 • Apache2 module • Auditd module
• Icinga module • IIS module • Kafka module • Logstash module • MongoDB module • MySQL module • Nginx module • Osquery module • PostgreSQL module • Redis module • System module • Traefik module
Capture the Packet Packetbeat
Capture the Packet Packetbeat
Welcome to 1998 winlogbeat
Now winlogbeat
!28
29 Elasticsearch Heart of the Elastic Stack ࢄܕɺεέʔϥϒϧ ߴՄ༻ੑ Ϛϧνςφϯτ
։ൃऀϑϨϯυϦʔ ϦΞϧλΠϜɺશจݕࡧ ΞάϦήʔγϣϯ
Elasticsearchͱʁ
ϑϦʔϫʔυݕࡧ !31
ߜΓࠐΈ !32
ϋΠϥΠτ !33
ιʔτ !34
ϖʔδϯά !35
ूܭ !36
αδΣετ !37
Elasticsearch in 10 seconds • εΩʔϚϑϦʔɺࢄυΩϡϝϯτετΞɺREST & JSON • Φʔϓϯιʔε:
Apache License 2.0 • ઃఆͳ͠Ͱ؆୯ʹࢼ͢͜ͱ͕Մೳ • JavaͰ࣮ɻ֦ு༰қ !38
؆୯ͳCRUD
σʔλొ 40 curl -XPUT localhost:9200/books/book/1 -d ' { "title" :
"Elasticsearch - The definitive guide", "authors" : "Clinton Gormley", "started" : "2013-02-04", "pages" : 230 }'
σʔλߋ৽ 41 curl -XPUT localhost:9200/books/book/1 -d ' { "title" :
"Elasticsearch - The definitive guide", "authors" : [ "Clinton Gormley", "Zachary Tong" ], "started" : "2013-02-04", "pages" : 230 }'
σʔλআ !42 curl -X DELETE localhost:9200/books/book/1 σʔλͷऔಘ curl —X GET
localhost:9200/books/book/1 curl —X GET localhost:9200/books/book/1/_source
ݕࡧ - Query DSL !43 curl -XGET ‘localhost:9200/books/doc/_search' -d '{
"query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "match": { "title": "Search" }}, { "match": { "content": "Elasticsearch" }} ], "filter": [ { "term": { "status": "published" }}, { "range": { "publish_date": { "gte": "2015-01-01" }}} ] } } }'
ࢄߏɺ εέʔϧ
Basic terms • ΠϯσοΫε ‒ σʔλͷཧతͳू߹ɻ RDBͷσʔλϕʔεͷΑ͏ͳͷLogical • ϨϓϦέʔγϣϯ •
ಡΈࠐΈͷεέʔϥϏϦςΟ্ • SPOFͷղফ • γϟʔσΟϯά • ෳϚγϯσʔλΛׂ ॻ͖ࠐΈͷεέʔϥϏϦςΟ্ σʔλϑϩʔ੍ޚ !45
γϟʔυͱϨϓϦΧ !46 node 1 orders products 1 4 1 2
2 3 curl -X PUT localhost:9200/orders -d '{ "settings.index.number_of_shards" : 4 "settings.index.number_of_replicas" : 1 }' curl -X PUT localhost:9200/products -d '{ "settings.index.number_of_shards" : 2 "settings.index.number_of_replicas" : 0 }'
γϟʔυͱϨϓϦΧ !47 node 1 orders products 1 4 1 node
2 orders products 2 2 3 4 1 2 3
ࣗಈతͳࢄ !48 node 1 orders products 2 1 4 1
node 2 orders products 2 2 node 3 orders products 3 4 1 3
શจݕࡧͱʁ
શจݕࡧͱʁ • શจݕࡧʢFull text searchʣͱɺίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͍ͯɺෳͷจॻ ʢϑΝΠϧʣ͔ΒಛఆͷจࣈྻΛݕࡧ͢Δ͜ͱɻʮϑΝΠϧ໊ݕࡧʯ ʮ୯ҰϑΝΠϧͷจࣈྻݕࡧʯͱҟͳΓɺʮෳจॻʹ·͕ͨͬͯɺจ ॻʹؚ·ΕΔશจΛରͱͨ͠ݕࡧʯͱ͍͏ҙຯͰ༻͞ΕΔɻ ʢWikipediaΑΓʣ !50
༻ޠ • ΠϯσοΫε ݕࡧΤϯδϯ͕ݕࡧʹ༻͢Δσʔλͷอଘઌ • υΩϡϝϯτʢจॻʣ ‒ ݕࡧΤϯδϯʹอଘ͞Εͨσʔλ • ϑΟʔϧυ
‒ υΩϡϝϯτʹؚ·ΕΔଐੑ • ΫΤϦ ‒ ݕࡧ݅ɺݕࡧࣜ !51
༻ޠ • εΩʔϚ ‒ υΩϡϝϯτͷߏΛఆٛ͢Δͷ • λʔϜʢTermʣɺτʔΫϯʢTokenʣ ‒ ΠϯσοΫεͷΩʔʹͳΔ୯ޠʢจࣈྻʣ ‒
จষΛҰఆͷ๏ଇͰ۠ͬͨ୯ޠ ‒ ୯ޠ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺ୯ޠͷҐஔͳͲؚΉ !52
υΩϡϝϯτͷొ !53 1 2 ΧπΦαβΤͷఋ αβΤϫΧϝͷ࢞ υΩϡϝϯτͷొ
υΩϡϝϯτͷొ !54 1 2 ΧπΦαβΤͷఋ αβΤϫΧϝͷ࢞ 1 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ
ͷ ͷ αβΤ ϫΧϝ ఋ ࢞ υΩϡϝϯτͷొ ୯ޠʹׂ
υΩϡϝϯτͷొ !55 1 2 ΧπΦαβΤͷఋ αβΤϫΧϝͷ࢞ 1 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ
ͷ ͷ αβΤ ϫΧϝ ఋ ࢞ ΧπΦ αβΤ 1 1 2 ͷ ࢞ ϫΧϝ 2 1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 υΩϡϝϯτͷొ ୯ޠʹׂ ୯ޠ͔Βidͷྻ͕ Ҿ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ
ݕࡧ !56 ΧπΦ αβΤ 2 ͷ ࢞ ϫΧϝ 2
1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ΧπΦɹαβΤ 1 1
ݕࡧ !57 ΧπΦ αβΤ 2 ͷ ࢞ ϫΧϝ 2
1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ 1 1
ݕࡧ !58 ΧπΦ αβΤ 2 ͷ ࢞ ϫΧϝ 2
1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ 1 1
ݕࡧ !59 ΧπΦ αβΤ 2 ͷ ࢞ ϫΧϝ 2
1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ 1 1
ݕࡧ !60 ΧπΦ αβΤ 1 1 2 ͷ ࢞
ϫΧϝ 2 1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ
ݕࡧ !61 ΧπΦ αβΤ 1 1 2 ͷ ࢞
ϫΧϝ 2 1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ
ݕࡧ !62 ΧπΦ αβΤ 1 1 2 ͷ ࢞
ϫΧϝ 2 1 2 1 2 1 ఋ 2 ΧπΦ αβΤ AND ݕࡧ݅ೖྗ ݕࡧ݅ͷύʔε ݕࡧΫΤϦԽ ΧπΦɹαβΤ
୯ޠͷ۠Γํ • ӳޠͷ߹ I am speaking Introduction Elasticsearch.
• ຊޠͷ߹ ࢲೖElasticsearchʹ͍͍ͭͯͯ͠Δɻ !63
୯ޠͷ۠Γํ • ӳޠͷ߹ I am speaking Introduction Elasticsearch.
εϖʔε͕ΕͱΘ͔Δ • ຊޠͷ߹ ࢲೖElasticsearchʹ͍͍ͭͯͯ͠Δɻ Ͳ͜Ͱ۠ΕΑ͍ʁ 64
N-Gramͱܗଶૉղੳ • సஔΠϯσοΫεͷΩʔͷ࡞Γํ ‒ ຊޠ୯ޠͷΕ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͰɺసஔΠϯσοΫεͷΩʔ ओʹ࣍ͷ̎ͭͷख๏Ͱ࡞ • N-Gram ‒ NจࣈͣͭจষΛ۠Δ
• ܗଶૉղੳ ‒ ࣙॻͳͲΛ༻͍ͯҙຯͷ͋Δ୯ޠͰ۠Δ !65
ܗଶૉղੳ • ϝϦοτɿ ‒ ҙຯͷ͋Δ୯ޠͷΕ ࢺใΛݩʹՃॲཧ͕ՄೳʢޠװมͳͲʣ • σϝϦοτɿ ‒ ৽ޠʢະޠʣʹऑ͍→ࣙॻϕʔεͷ߹ɺࣙॻʹͳ͍୯ޠݕग़ෆ
ೳɻ !66 ΧπΦαβΤͷఋ ΧπΦ ͷ αβΤ ఋ
N-Gram • ϝϦοτɿ ‒ ະޠʹରԠՄೳ • σϝϦοτɿ ‒ ΠϯσοΫεංେԽ ‒
ࢺใʹجͮ͘ॲཧ͕ෆՄೳ !67 ΧπΦαβΤͷఋ Χπ πΦ Φ α αβ βΤ Τͷ ͷఋ
ͦͷଞͷػೳ
elasticsearch ͞·͟·ͳܗࣜͷσʔλͰ GeoݕࡧՄೳ ҢܦɺGeoHashɺ GeoShape… GEO
Ecosystem • Plugins ‒ ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔػೳͷՃ • ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦ • Java, Ruby,
python, php, perl, javascript, .NET • Scala, clojure, go !70
Elasticsearch - The Definitive guide http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ elasticsearch/guide/current/index.html 71 ৄ͘͠Γ͍ͨํ
!72
73 Kibana Window into the Elastic Stack ՄࢹԽͱੳ ཧۭؒ ΧελϚΠζͱ
Ϩϙʔτͷڞ༗ άϥϑ୳ࡧ Elastic Stackͷ ηΩϡΞͳΞΫηεͱཧ ΧελϜAppsͷ࡞
!74 Kibana 6
!75 σϞ σʔλೖ͔ΒՄࢹԽ·Ͱ
!76 ຊ֨తʹղੳΛߦ͏ʹʁ
!77 Elastic Stackͷߏ Beats Log Files Metrics Wire Data Kibana
Instances Elasticsearch Nodes
!78 Elastic Stackͷߏ Beats Log Files Metrics Wire Data your{beat}
Kibana Instances Kafka Distributed Message Queue Notification Queues Storage Metrics Data Store Web APIs Social Sensors Elasticsearch Nodes Logstash Nodes
!79
80 Logstash σʔλՃύΠϓϥΠϯ શͯͷܗࣜɺαΠζͱσʔλιʔ εͷೖ ύʔεͱಈతͳ σʔλม ͋ΒΏΔग़ྗʹ σʔλసૹ ҆શͰ҉߸Խ͞Εͨ
σʔλೖྗ ಠࣗͷύΠϓϥΠϯॲཧ ͷ࡞ 200Ҏ্ͷϓϥάΠϯ
Logstash in 10 seconds • ϩάɾσʔλͷऩूɾཧ • ऩूɺύʔεɾՃɺૹग़ • ΦʔϓϯιʔεɿApache
License 2.0 • Ruby app (JRuby) !81
Logstash architecture !82 Input Output Filter ? ? collect and
split alter and enrich store and visualize
ઃఆ 83 input { … } filter { … }
output { … }
ઃఆɿinput 84 input { file { path => “/Users/johtani/sample/*_log" start_position
=> "beginning" } }
1ߦ1σʔλ 189.120.xx.xx - - [02/Dec/2014:12:18:29 +0900] "GET /manager/html HTTP/ 1.1"
404 274 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0" 85
ઃఆɿfilter 86 filter { grok { match => { "message"
=> "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" } break_on_match => false } date { match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z"] locale => en } geoip { source => ["clientip"] } useragent { source => "agent" target => "useragent" } }
ύʔε !87 189.120.xx.xx - - [02/Dec/2014:12:18:29 +0900] "GET /manager/html HTTP/1.1"
404 274 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0" {… "@timestamp": "2015-04-10T09:07:49.325Z", "clientip": "189.120.xx.xx", "ident": "-", "auth": "-", "timestamp": "02/Dec/2014:12:18:29 +0900", "verb": "GET", "request": "/manager/html", … "agent": "\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/
ઃఆɿfilter !88 filter { grok { match => { "message"
=> "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" } break_on_match => false } date { match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z"] locale => en } geoip { source => ["clientip"] } useragent { source => "agent" target => "useragent" } }
ͷύʔε 89 {… "@timestamp": "2015-04-10T09:07:49.325Z", … "timestamp": "02/Dec/2014:12:18:29 +0900", …
} {… "@timestamp": "2014-12-02T03:18:29.000Z", … "timestamp": "02/Dec/2014:12:18:29 +0900", … }
ઃఆɿfilter !90 filter { grok { match => { "message"
=> "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" } break_on_match => false } date { match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z"] locale => en } geoip { source => ["clientip"] } useragent { source => "agent" target => "useragent" } }
IP͔ΒҢܦͳͲ༩ 91 "clientip": "189.120.xx.xx", "clientip": "189.120.xx.xx", "geoip": { "ip": “189.120.xxx.xxx”,
… "country_name": "Brazil", "continent_code": "SA", "region_name": "27", "city_name": "São Paulo", "latitude":
ઃఆɿfilter !92 filter { grok { match => { "message"
=> "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" } break_on_match => false } date { match => ["timestamp", "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z"] locale => en } geoip { source => ["clientip"] } useragent { source => "agent" target => "useragent" } }
ϢʔβΤʔδΣϯτͷύʔε 93 "agent": "\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv: 5.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/5.0\"" "agent": "\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv: 5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0\"" "useragent": { "name": "Firefox", "os": "Windows XP", "os_name": "Windows XP", "device": "Other", "major": "5", "minor": "0"
ઃఆɿoutput 94 output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost"] index
=> “demo_access_log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}” } }
!95 ͞Βʹ׆༻͢Δʹʁ
!96 elasticsearch-hadoop - • D E H • PD ecd
ER • g D • CH • Ca M DMS D FERC
!97
!98
!99
ͦͷଞͷ͍ํ !100
!101 σʔλͷొํ๏ • Kibanaͷαϯϓϧσʔλʢ6.4͔Βʣ • LogstashͰJDBC input • LogstashͰCSV •
FilebeatͰΞΫηεϩά • MetricbeatͰϝτϦοΫ • PacketbeatͰMySQL/PostgreSQLͷύέοτղੳ
!102 Kibanaͷαϯϓϧσʔλʢ>= 6.4.0ʣ
!103 ϫϯΫϦοΫͰσʔλొ
!104 LogstashͰJDBC Input Kibana Instances Data Store Elasticsearch Nodes Logstash
Nodes
!105 JDBC Input
!106 LogstashͰCSV Kibana Instances CSV File Elasticsearch Nodes Logstash Nodes
!107 CSV filter
!108 FilebeatͰΞΫηεϩά Beats Log Files Kibana Instances Elasticsearch Nodes
• 2ͭͷElasticsearchϓϥάΠϯΛΠϯετʔϧͯ͠ElasticsearchΛىಈ • Filebeatͷapache2ϞδϡʔϧΛ༗ޮԽ • modules.d/apache2.ymlʹΞΫηεϩάͷύεΛઃఆ • setupίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦ͔ͯ͠ΒFilebeatΛىಈ !109 FilebeatͰΞΫηεϩά
MetricbeatͰϝτϦοΫ Beats Metrics Kibana Instances Elasticsearch Nodes
• MetricbeatͷsystemϞδϡʔϧΛ༗ޮԽ • setupίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦ͔ͯ͠ΒFilebeatΛىಈ !111 MetricbeatͰϝτϦοΫ
!112 PacketbeatͰMySQLɺPostgreSQLͷύέοτղੳ Beats Wire Data Kibana Instances Elasticsearch Nodes
!113 ࢀߟจݙ • Elasticsearch - The Definitive guide ‒ http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/
index.html • ॻ੶ʢຊޠʣ ‒ σʔλੳج൫ߏஙೖ ‒ Elasticsearch࣮ફΨΠυ
!114 ࢀߟαΠτ • Ϣʔεέʔε • https://www.elastic.co/use-cases • DiscussʢWebϑΥʔϥϜʣ • https://discuss.elastic.co
• Elastic{ON}ͷϏσΦͱࢿྉ • https://www.elastic.co/elasticon/videos • αϙʔτϝχϡʔ • https://www.elastic.co/subscriptions
Thank you! • Web : https://www.elastic.co/jp/ • Forums : https://discuss.elastic.co/
• Twitter : @johtani