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パスキーはユーザー認証を どう変えるのか?その特徴と導入における課題 @ devsumi 2023 9-C-1
下記講演の資料です。
https://event.shoeisha.jp/devsumi/20230209/session/4146/
下記記事で内容解説を行っていますのでご覧ください。
https://zenn.dev/mixi/articles/fdf9236f86ea29
ritou
February 09, 2023
Transcript
49 slides
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ҏ౦ ྒ (@ritou) • גࣜձࣾ MIXI - ΤϯδχΞ • OpenID
ϑΝϯσʔγϣϯɾδϟύϯ - ΤόϯδΣϦετ • Digital Identityؔ࿈ͷϒϩάɺࣥචɺษڧձ… 2 -
ύεϫʔυೝূ - Memorized Secrets • ೝূཁૉ : ࣝ • ϢʔβʔɺαʔϏε͕ύεϫʔυΛڞ༗
• ϢʔβʔهԱ͢Δ • αʔϏε҆શʹอଘ • Ϣʔβʔ͔ΒૹΒΕͨϢʔβʔࣝผࢠͱύεϫʔυͷΈ߹ΘͤΛ αʔϏε͕ݕূ͢Δํ๏͕Ұൠత 5 -
ύεϫʔυೝূͷཁ݅ͱ࣮ঢ় • Ϣʔβʔͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛΕͳ͍ • ਪଌՄೳͳύεϫʔυΛආ͚ɺෳͷαʔϏεͰ͍·Θ͞ͳ͍ • ύεϫʔυΛୈ̏ऀʹڭ͑ͳ͍ •
αʔϏεͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛ҆શʹཧ͢Δ • ֤छ߈ܸ͔ΒϢʔβʔΛอޢ͢Δ 6 ←ΕΔ -
ΞΧϯτϦΧόϦʔ • ͋ΔೝূํࣜͰ “ϩάΠϯͰ͖ͳ͍” ঢ়ଶ͔Βͷճ෮ • ผͷखஈͰਓೝূ / ݩ֬ೝ +
ઃఆมߋ • ผͷೝূํࣜ : SMS͕͑ͳ͍ͷͰόοΫΞοϓίʔυΛར༻ • ొ࣌ͷݩ֬ೝํ๏Λར༻ : PW࠶ઃఆ༻ͷURLΛϝʔϧૹ৴ • CSܦ༝ͷKYC : ఏग़ࡁΈͷূ໌ॻΛར༻ 7 -
ύεϫʔυೝূͷཁ݅ͱ࣮ঢ় • Ϣʔβʔͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛΕͳ͍ • ਪଌՄೳͳύεϫʔυΛආ͚ɺෳͷαʔϏεͰ͍·Θ͞ͳ͍ • ύεϫʔυΛୈ̏ऀʹڭ͑ͳ͍ •
αʔϏεͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛ҆શʹཧ͢Δ • ֤छ߈ܸ͔ΒϢʔβʔΛอޢ͢Δ 8 ਪଌՄೳͳύεϫʔυΛ ෳαʔϏεͰ͍ճ͢ ෮߸Մೳͳঢ়ଶͰ อଘ͍͕ͯͨ͠࿙Ӯ -
ύεϫʔυϦετ/ύεϫʔυεϓϨʔ ߈ܸ • ύεϫʔυϦετ߈ܸ : ଞαʔϏε͔Β࿙ӮɺϑΟογϯάͰऔಘ͞ Εͨ”(ϝʔϧΞυϨεͳͲؚΉ)ϢʔβʔࣝผࢠͱύεϫʔυͷΈ߹ Θͤ”Λར༻ͯ͠ϩάΠϯࢼߦ • ύεϫʔυεϓϨʔ߈ܸ
: “ϢʔβʔࣝผࢠͷϦετͱΑ͘ΘΕ͍ͯ Δύεϫʔυ”ͷΈ߹ΘͤͰϩάΠϯࢼߦ • ύεϫʔυҎ֎ͷೝূํࣜͱͷΈ߹ΘͤʹΑΔରࡦ͕ඞཁ 9 -
TOTP - Single-Factor OTP Device • ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ •
Ϣʔβʔ/αʔϏεͰൿີ伴Λڞ༗ɺ • ϞόΠϧΞϓϦͳͲ͕࣌ࠁϕʔεͰੜͨ͠OTP(RFC6238)Λར༻ • ۚ༥ػؔͳͲͰϋʔυΣΞτʔΫϯ͕ར༻͞Ε͍͕ͯͨɺ2010 ʹGoogle͕Google Authenticatorͱͱʹ2ஈ֊ೝূΛఏڙͯ͠ ͔Βීٴ 10 -
SMS OTP - Out-of-Band Devices • ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ •
SMSܦ༝ͰૹΒΕͨϫϯλΠϜύεϫʔυ(OTP)Λར༻ • αʔϏεొࡁΈͷి൪߸ʹOTPΛૹ৴ • Ϣʔβʔड৴ͨ͠OTPΛαʔϏεʹૹ৴ • Ϣʔβʔͷେྔొରࡦͱͯ͠ΘΕ͖ͯͨɻαʔϏεଆͷૹ৴ί ετɺԆಧ͔ͳ͍ϦεΫͱ͍͏ϦεΫແࢹͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ 11 -
Email OTP - Out-of-Band Devices • ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ (?)
• Emailܦ༝ͰૹΒΕͨϫϯλΠϜύεϫʔυ(OTP)Λར༻ • αʔϏεొࡁΈͷϝʔϧΞυϨεʹOTPΛૹ৴ • Ϣʔβʔड৴ͨ͠OTPΛαʔϏεʹૹ৴ 12 -
ೝূ༻ΞϓϦ - Out-of-Band Devices • ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ • ೝূ༻ͷϞόΠϧΞϓϦͷϓογϡ௨Λར༻
• αʔϏεϢʔβʔʹඥ͚ͮΒΕͨ/ΞϓϦʹϓογϡ௨ • Ϣʔβʔ/ΞϓϦͰϩάΠϯ͢Δ͜ͱΛڐՄ • MFAർ࿑߈ܸ(MFA fatigue attacks) ͕ʹ 13 -
όοΫΞοϓίʔυ - Look-Up Secrets • ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ • ͋Β͔͡ΊϢʔβʔʹͨ͠୯Ұ͘͠ෳͷจࣈྻΛར༻
• SMS͕ड৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍ • ೝূ༻ΞϓϦ͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ • 2ཁૉ/2ஈ֊ೝূΛઃఆ͢Δࡍʹ߹Θͤͯઃఆͤ͞Δͷ͕Ұൠత 14 -
ύεϫʔυೝূͷཁ݅ͱ࣮ঢ় • Ϣʔβʔͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛΕͳ͍ • ਪଌՄೳͳύεϫʔυΛආ͚ɺෳͷαʔϏεͰ͍·Θ͞ͳ͍ • ύεϫʔυΛୈ̏ऀʹڭ͑ͳ͍ •
αʔϏεͷཁ݅ • ύεϫʔυΛ҆શʹཧ͢Δ • ֤छ߈ܸ͔ΒϢʔβʔΛอޢ͢Δ 15 ←ϑΟογϯάαΠτʹ ೖྗͯ͠͠·͏ -
ϑΟογϯά߈ܸ • IPA ใηΩϡϦςΟ10େڴҖ2023 ݸਓ͚1Ґ(2࿈த) • 2ஈ֊ೝূɺ2ཁૉೝূΛར༻ͯ͠ඃʹૺ͏Մೳੑ͕͋Δ • Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣ 16
ग़య : ใηΩϡϦςΟ10େڴҖ 2023ɿIPA ಠཱߦ๏ਓ ใॲཧਪਐػߏ https://www.ipa.go.jp/security/vuln/10threats2023.html -
Adversary-in-the- MiddleʢAiTMʣ • ϑΟογϯάαΠτ͕தؒऀͱͳ Γਖ਼نͷαʔϏεʹϩάΠϯࢼߦ • ύεϫʔυ + SMS/Email OTP
• ύεϫʔυ + ೝূΞϓϦ • ޭ͢ΔͱϩάΠϯηογϣϯࣗ ମ(Cookie/Token)ΛऔಘՄೳ ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹ further fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from- cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ -
Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣͷΈ 18 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ example.com example.net -
Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣͷΈ 19 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ example.com example.net -
Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣͷΈ 20 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ 50514.4051 ೖྗը໘Λදࣔ example.com example.net -
Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣͷΈ 21 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ 50514.4051 ೖྗը໘Λදࣔ 50514.4051Λ ਖ਼نαʔϏεʹૹΔ example.com example.net -
Adversary-in-the-MiddleʢAiTMʣͷΈ 22 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ 50514.4051 ೖྗը໘Λදࣔ 50514.4051Λ ਖ਼نαʔϏεʹૹΔ ϩάΠϯηογϣϯΛ औಘՄೳ example.com example.net -
Ϣʔβʔ/αʔϏε͕ͱΕΔϑΟογϯάରࡦ • Ϣʔβʔ͕ύεϫʔυϚωʔδϟʔͷར༻ : ύεϫʔυTOTPઃఆΛ ΦϦδϯ(υϝΠϯ)ͱඥ͚ͯཧ͠ɺҰக͍ͯ͠Δͷ͕ϑΥʔϜ ೖྗ࣌ʹબՄೳ • αʔϏε͕WebOTPͷ࠾༻ :
ૹ৴ͨ͠SMSϝοηʔδʹؚ·ΕΔΦϦ δϯ(υϝΠϯ)ͱOTPͷೖྗΛଅ͍ͯ͠ΔURL͕Ұக͍ͯ͠Εड৴ ͨ͠SMSʹؚ·ΕΔOTPͷ͕ϑΥʔϜʹࣗಈೖྗ 23 -
ύεϫʔυϚωʔδϟʔʹΑΔରࡦ 24 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ਖ਼نαʔϏεͷύεϫʔυ͕ ϑΟογϯάαʔϏεʹఏҊ͞Εͳ͍ example.com example.net -
WebOTPʹΑΔରࡦ 25 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ 50514.4051 ೖྗը໘Λදࣔ ϑΟογϯάαʔϏεʹ051ࣗಈೖྗ͕ߦΘΕͳ͍ example.com example.net -
• ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ • ϋʔυΣΞσόΠεʹ҆શʹอ࣋͞Εͨ҉߸伴Λ༻͍ͨެ։伴ೝ ূΛར༻ • ηΩϡϦςΟΩʔΛࢦ͚ͩ͢ɺ৮ΕΔ(≠ੜମೝূ)͚ͩͰར༻Մೳ •
ύεϫʔυೝূͱΈ߹Θͤͨ2ஈ֊ೝূͰͷར༻͕·ͬͨ 26 FIDO w/ User Presence - Single-Factor Cryptographic Device/Software -
FIDO w/ User Veri fi cation - Multi-Factor Cryptographic Software/Device
• ೝূཁૉ : ॴ༗ + ࣝ/ੜମ • ϋʔυΣΞσόΠεʹ҆શʹอ࣋͞Εͨ҉߸伴Λ༻͍ͨެ։伴ೝ ূ ͱ ϩοΫղআͳͲͰΘΕΔϩʔΧϧೝূ ͷΈ߹Θͤ • ηΩϡϦςΟΩʔ + PIN • εϚʔτϑΥϯ / PC + ը໘ϩοΫղআ 27 -
FIDOͷϑΟογϯάੑ • WebAuthn : WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰFIDOΛར༻͢ΔͨΊͷϒϥ βAPI • ར༻αʔϏεࣗͷΦϦδϯ(υϝΠϯ)Λࢦఆ • ϒϥβͦͷΛݕূͯ͠ෆҰகͷ߹ೝূෆՄೳ
• ϑΟογϯάαΠτͱਖ਼نαʔϏε͕γεςϜతʹ۠ผ͞ΕΔ 28 -
FIDOͷϑΟογϯάੑ 29 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ '*%0ʹΑΔ ՃೝূΛཁٻ example.net example.com -
FIDOͷϑΟογϯάੑ 30 ग़య : From cookie theft to BEC: Attackers
use AiTM phishing sites as entry point toɹfurther fi nancial fraud - Microsoft Security Blog https://xn--microsoft-921o9813a.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/07/12/from-cookie-theft-to-bec-attackers-use-aitm-phishing-sites-as-entry-point-to-further- fi nancial-fraud/ ύεϫʔυΛਖ਼ن αʔϏεʹૹΔ '*%0ʹΑΔ ՃೝূΛཁٻ example.net ϑΟογϯάαΠτʹਖ਼نαʔϏεͷೝূใૹΒΕͳ͍ example.com -
FIDOͷ՝ • 伴ཧͷݎ࿚ੑΏ͑ͷϦΧόϦʔࠔ • Authenticator(ηΩϡϦςΟΩʔɺରԠ)͕յΕͨɺແͨ͘͠ɺ ങ͍ସ͑ͨ߹ʹอଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔ҉߸伴͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΓɺશͯ ͷαʔϏεͰ࠶ొ͕ඞཁ • όοΫΞοϓ •
ೝূڧΛམͱͣ͞ɺϑΟογϯάੑΛอͭʹෳͷ Authenticatorͷొ͕ඞཁ 31 -
ύεΩʔ : FIDO multi-device credentials • 伴ཧΛσόΠε͔ΒϢʔβʔʹ • ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜϢʔβʔͱඥ͚ :
Apple, Google, MS Account • ύεϫʔυϚωʔδϟʔ : 1Password(༧ఆ) • ͜Ε·ͰͷFIDOʹ͋ͬͨ伴ཧͷݎ࿚ੑࣦΘΕΔ͕ɺόοΫΞο ϓΛՄೳʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ “ϑΟογϯάੑΛ࣋ͪརศੑͷߴ͍ೝূํ ࣜ” ͱͯ͠ීٴΛૂ͏ 33 -
ύεΩʔͷڍಈ : https://webauthn.io 34 • ύεΩʔͷొ(ੜ) : ֬ೝը໘ -> ϩʔΧϧೝূ(ੜମ/PIN)
ϩʔΧϧೝূ ੜମ 1*/ ύλʔϯ -
ύεΩʔͷڍಈ : https://webauthn.io 35 • ύεΩʔͰϩάΠϯ : ύεΩʔબը໘ -> ϩʔΧϧೝূ(ੜମ/PIN)
ϩʔΧϧೝূ ੜମ 1*/ ύλʔϯ ผ͔Β ಉ༷ʹར༻Մೳ -
ରԠڥ • “ύεΩʔରԠڥ” ≠ “FIDO multi-device credentials” ʹҙ͕ඞཁ • ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜɺɺϒϥβͷΈ߹ΘͤͰڍಈ͕ܾ·Δ
• ύεΩʔ͕ಉظ͞ΕΔͷ : Safari on MacOS/iOS/iPadOS, Android + Chrome/Firefox • ύεΩʔ͕ಉظ͞Εͳ͍ͷ : Chrome on MacOS… 36 -
Conditional UI / Auto fi ll • Ϣʔβʔ໊/ϝʔϧΞυϨεೖྗϑΥʔϜʹར༻ՄೳͳύεΩʔ͕දࣔ ͞Εɺબ͢ΔͱύεΩʔͷೝূ͕࢝·Δ •
طଘͷೝূํࣜͷUI͔Βͷ ”γϣʔτΧοτ” ͕Մೳ 38 -
ID࿈ܞͱͷؔ • ID࿈ܞΛఏڙ/ར༻͢ΔଆͦΕͧΕʹύεΩʔରԠͷϝϦοτ͕͋Δ • Identity Provider(IdP) : ύεΩʔʹରԠ͢Δ͜ͱͰ࿈ܞ͢ΔRPͦ ͷԸܙΛड͚ΒΕΔ •
Relying Party(RP) : IdPʹґଘ͠ͳ͍҆શੑͱརศੑͷߴ͍ೝূํࣜ Λར༻Մೳ 41 -
ύεΩʔಋೖ࣌ͷݕ౼ࣄ߲ - ύεΩʔͷొ • ͍ͭొΛٻΊΔ͔ • Ϣʔβʔͷ৽نొͷࡍʹཁٻʁಛఆػೳΛ͏࣌ʁҙʁ • ొ࣌ͷೝূڧ •
ॳճݱঢ়औΓ͏ΔೝূํࣜΛཁٻ͔ͯ͠Βʁ • 2ͭҎ߱طʹొࡁΈͷύεΩʔͰͷೝূΛٻΊΔʁ • ೝূڧʹറΓ͕ͳ͍ͳΒͦͷ··ʁ 43 -
ύεΩʔಋೖ࣌ͷݕ౼ࣄ߲ - ϩάΠϯ • ύεΩʔ͕ಉظ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ڥ • ผͰͷύεΩʔΛར༻ʁ : “hybrid transport”
• ೝূڧΛམͱͤͳ͍ͷͰͦͷڥͰར༻ෆՄೳʁ • ҙͷಋೖͳͷͰผͷೝূํࣜΛར༻ʁ 44 -
ύεΩʔಋೖ࣌ͷݕ౼ࣄ߲ - ࠶ೝূ • ༗ޮظݶΕɺॏཁͳॲཧͷલʹ࠶ೝূΛඞཁͱ͢Δ͔ • ࠷ऴϩάΠϯ͔ΒҰఆظؒܦͬͨΒύεΩʔʹΑΔ࠶ೝূΛཁٻʁ • ॏཁͳॲཧͷલʹຖճɺύεΩʔʹΑΔ࠶ೝূΛཁٻʁ •
ύεΩʔͰ࠶ೝূͨ͠ΒҰఆظؒ࠶ೝূ͕লུʁ • ࠶ೝূ͕ඞཁͱͳΔΑ͏ͳॲཧଘࡏ͠ͳ͍͠ɺ༗ޮظݶΕͷ ߹ϩάΞτঢ়ଶͱͯ͠ѻ͏ʁ 45