Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

Become one of the first Java 17 developers in t...

Become one of the first Java 17 developers in the world

The key to being certified early is to learn the material before the objectives are even announced. Here's a guide to the new topics based on my guesses of what will be on an exam

Jeanne Boyarsky

September 15, 2021
Tweet

More Decks by Jeanne Boyarsky

Other Decks in Programming

Transcript

  1. @jeanneboyarsky 1 Becoming one of the first Java 17 certified

    programmers (and learning new features) Jeanne Boyarsky Sept 15, 2021 KCDC speakerdeck.com/boyarsky
  2. @jeanneboyarsky About Me • Java Champion • Author • Developer

    at NYC bank for 19+ years • FIRST Robotics Mentor 3
  3. @jeanneboyarsky Pause for a Commercial 4 Java certs •Java 8

    •Java 11 •Java 17 next Book giveaway at end!
  4. @jeanneboyarsky Disclaimer • A bit of the material is from

    my books. • Some of the material in this presentation may appear in our upcoming certification books. • Oracle can announce anything (I don’t work for Oracle.) 6
  5. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 8
  6. @jeanneboyarsky Module Flow •Review lab from previous module •Lecture/review •Hands

    on exercises •10 minute break This means if a colleague needs to call you, the last 15-20 minutes of each hour is best. 9
  7. @jeanneboyarsky Required Software for Lab Option 1 •Java 17 -

    http://jdk.java.net/17/ •Text editor of your choice •No IDE! or… 10
  8. @jeanneboyarsky Required Software for Lab Option 2 •https://www.compilejava.net System.out.println(System.getProperty(“java.version")); •17-ea

    (on Sunday night) • Can only do some labs • Module 3 - sealed classes preview (in 16) • Module 5 and 6 - no IO • Module 7 - no JPMS 11
  9. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 13
  10. @jeanneboyarsky If new to the cert 14 808 809 815

    + 816 819 ??? Associate Professional Java 8 Java 11 Java 17
  11. @jeanneboyarsky 813 (from Java <6) 810 (from Java 7) If

    hold a cert 15 817 (from Java 6/7/8) ??? Professional Java 8 Java 11 Java 17 Retires 11/30
  12. @jeanneboyarsky What’s wrong? String old = "kcdc,Kansas City,"session,workshop " +

    "meetup,Various,lecture\n" ; 17 Doesn’t compile: missing \ Missing quote on line 1 Missing line break 15
  13. @jeanneboyarsky Compare String old = "kcdc,Kansas City,\"session,workshop\"\n " + “meetup,Various,lecture\n"

    ; String textBlock = "" " kcdc,Kansas City,"session,workshop " meetup,Various,lectur e """ ; 18 Easier to read and code! 15
  14. @jeanneboyarsky Text Block Syntax String textBlock = "" " kcdc,Kansas

    City,"session,workshop " meetup,Various,lectur e """; incidental whitespace start block end block 15 19
  15. @jeanneboyarsky Essential Whitespace String textBlock = "" " <session >

    <speaker > Jeanne Boyarsk y </speaker > </session > """ ; incidental whitespace essential whitespace 15 20
  16. @jeanneboyarsky Ending lines String textBlock = "" " <session >

    <speaker > Jeanne Boyarsky \s </speaker > <title > Becoming one of the first Java 17 \ certified programmers \ (and learning new features ) </title > </session > """ ; continue on next line without a line break new escape character keeps trailing whitespace tab 15 21
  17. @jeanneboyarsky New lines String textBlock = "" " <session>\n <speaker

    > Jeanne\nBoyarsk y </speaker > </session>""" ; no line break at end Two new lines (explicit and implicit) One new line (explicit) 15 22
  18. @jeanneboyarsky Indent String option1 = " a\n b\n c\n" ;

    String option2 = "a\nb\nc\n".indent(3) ; String option3 = "" " a b c """.indent(3) ; String option4 = "" " a b c """ ; Which do you like best? Also normalizes (bye \r) 12 24
  19. @jeanneboyarsky Transform String option1 = “chiefs".transform ( s -> s.toUpperCase())

    ; String option2 = "" " chief s """.transform(s -> s.toUpperCase()) ; Which do you like best? 12 25
  20. @jeanneboyarsky Strip Indent Method From beginning From end Per line

    strip() Leading Trailing No stripIndent() Incidental Incidental Yes stripLeading() Leading n/a No stripTrailing() n/a Trailing No 15 26
  21. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 1 Which is true about

    this text block? String sql = "" " select * from mytabl e where weather = 'snow' ; """ ; A. Has incidental whitespace B. Has essential whitespace C. Both A and B D. Does not compile 27
  22. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 2 Which is true about

    this text block? String sql = """select * from mytable \ where weather = 'snow' ; """ ; A. Has incidental whitespace B. Has essential whitespace C. Both A and B D. Does not compile 28
  23. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 3 Which is true about

    this text block? String sql = "" " select * \s from mytable \s where weather = 'snow' ; """ ; A. Has incidental whitespace B. Has essential whitespace C. Both A and B D. Does not compile 29
  24. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 4 Which is true about

    this text block? String sql = """select * from mytable;""" ; A. Has incidental whitespace B. Has essential whitespace C. Both A and B D. Does not compile 30
  25. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 5 How many lines does

    this print out? String sql = "" " select * \n from mytable ; """ ; System.out.print(sql) ; A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. Does not compile 31
  26. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 6 How many lines does

    this print out? String sql = "" " select * \ from mytable;""".stripIndent() ; System.out.print(sql) ; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. Does not compile 32
  27. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 7 How many lines does

    this print out? String sql = "" " select * \ s from mytable ; ".stripIndent() ; System.out.print(sql) ; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. Does not compile 33
  28. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 8 How many whitespace characters

    are removed by strip()? String sql = "" " select "name " from mytable ; """ ; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. Does not compile 34
  29. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 9 How many whitespace characters

    are removed by stripIndent()? String sql = "" " select "name " from mytable ; """ ; A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 35
  30. @jeanneboyarsky Module 1 - Question 10 How many escapes can

    be removed without changing the behavior? String sql = "" " select \"name\" from mytable \ where value = '\"\"" ' """; A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. Does not compile 36
  31. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 38
  32. @jeanneboyarsky Features Feature Preview Final Switch Expressions 12, 13 14

    Pattern Matching for instanceof 14, 15 16 Pattern Matching for switch 17 ? 40
  33. @jeanneboyarsky What does this print? 1? String store = "Hallmark"

    ; switch(store) { case "Hallmark" : System.out.println("KC") ; case "Crayola" : System.out.println("PA") ; default: System.out.println("anywhere") ; } Three lines (missing break) 41
  34. @jeanneboyarsky Switch Expressions 14 String store = "Hallmark" ; switch(store)

    { case "Hallmark" -> System.out.println("KC") ; case "Crayola", "H&R " -> System.out.println("PA") ; default -> System.out.println("anywhere") ; } Arrow labels No break keyword Multiple values 42
  35. @jeanneboyarsky Switch Expressions 14 String store = "Hallmark" ; String

    output = switch(store) { case "Hallmark" -> "KC" ; case "Crayola" -> "PA" ; default -> "anywhere" ; } ; System.out.println(output) ; Switch returns values 43
  36. @jeanneboyarsky More features 14 String output = switch(store) { case

    "Hallmark" -> "KC" ; case "Legoland" -> { int random = new Random().nextInt() ; String city = random % 2 == 0 ? "KC" : "Carlsbad" ; yield city ; } default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown") ; } ; System.out.println(output) ; Block yield throws exception so no return value needed 44
  37. @jeanneboyarsky Is this legal? 14 private void confusing() { this.yield()

    ; } private void yield() { String store = "Legoland" ; String output = switch(store) { case "Legoland" -> { yield "Carlsbad" ; } default -> "other" ; } ; System.out.println(output) ; } Yes. yield is like var 45
  38. @jeanneboyarsky How about now? 14 private void confusing() { yield()

    ; } private void yield() { String store = "Legoland" ; String output = switch(store) { case "Legoland" -> { yield "Carlsbad" ; } default -> "other" ; } ; System.out.println(output) ; } No to invoke a method called yield, qualify the yield with a receiver or type name 46
  39. @jeanneboyarsky Yield with Switch Stmt 14 Position pos = Position.TOP

    ; int stmt = switch(pos) { case TOP: yield 1 ; case BOTTOM: yield 0 ; } ; int expr = switch(pos) { case TOP -> 1 ; case BOTTOM -> 0 ; } ; Same! 47
  40. @jeanneboyarsky Missing value 14 enum Position { TOP, BOTTOM }

    ; Position pos = Position.TOP ; int stmt = switch(pos) { case TOP: yield 1 ; } ; int expr = switch(pos) { case BOTTOM -> 0 ; } ; Does not compile because assigning value (poly expression) 48
  41. @jeanneboyarsky Pattern matching for if 16 if (num instanceof Integer)

    { Integer numAsInt = (Integer) num ; System.out.println(numAsInt) ; } if (num instanceof Double) { Double numAsDouble = (Double) num ; System.out.println(numAsDouble.intValue()) ; } if (num instanceof Integer numAsInt) { System.out.println(numAsInt) ; } if (num instanceof Double numAsDouble) { System.out.println(numAsDouble.intValue()) ; } Pattern variable 49
  42. @jeanneboyarsky Flow Scope 16 if (num instanceof Double d1 &&

    d1.intValue() % 2 == 0) { System.out.println(d1.intValue()) ; } if (num instanceof Double d2 || d2.intValue() % 2 == 0) { System.out.println(d2.intValue()) ; } Does not compile because d2 might not be double Compiles 50
  43. @jeanneboyarsky Does this compile? 16 if (num instanceof Double n

    ) System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; if (num instanceof Integer n ) System.out.println(n) ; Yes. Only in scope for if statement 51
  44. @jeanneboyarsky Does this compile? 16 if (num instanceof Double n

    ) System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; No. If statement is over 52
  45. @jeanneboyarsky Does this compile? 16 if (!(num instanceof Double n))

    { return ; } System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; Yes. Returns early so rest is like an else 53
  46. @jeanneboyarsky Does this compile? 16 if (!(num instanceof Double n))

    { return ; } System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; if (num instanceof Double n ) System.out.println(n.intValue()) ; No. n is still in scope 54
  47. @jeanneboyarsky Reusing a variable 16 if (num instanceof Integer numAsInt)

    { numAsInt = 6 ; System.out.println(numAsInt) ; } Legal. please don’t. 55
  48. @jeanneboyarsky Pattern matching for switch 17 preview static int toInt(Object

    obj) { return switch (obj) { case Integer i -> i ; case Double d -> d.intValue() ; case String s -> Integer.parseInt(s) ; default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown type") ; } ; } Reminder: Syntax can change 56
  49. @jeanneboyarsky But wait, there’s more 17 preview static void printOddOrEven(Object

    obj) { switch (obj) { case Integer i && i % 2 == 1 -> System.out.println("odd") ; case Integer i && i % 2 == 0 -> System.out.println(“even") ; default -> System.out.println("not an int") ; } ; } Reminder: Feature can still change 57
  50. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 1 What is output? char

    ch = 'b' ; int count = 0 ; switch (ch) { case 'a' -> count++ ; case 'b' -> count+=2 ; case 'c' -> count+=3 ; } System.out.println(count) ; 58 C. 5 D. Does not compile A. 1 B. 2
  51. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 2 How many changes are

    needed to have this code print 2? char ch = 'b' ; int value = switch (ch) { case 'a' -> 1 ; case 'b' -> yield 2 ; case 'c' -> 3 ; } System.out.println(value) ; 59 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2
  52. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 3 How many lines need

    changing to make this code compile? char ch = 'b' ; int value = switch (ch) { case 'a' : yield 1 ; case 'b' : { yield 2; } case 'c' -> yield 3 ; default -> 4 ; } ; System.out.println(value) ; 60 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2
  53. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 4 What can fill in

    the blank to have the code print 2? char ch = 'b' ; ______ value = switch (ch) { case 'a' -> 1 ; case 'b' -> 2L ; case 'c' -> 3.0 ; default -> 4 ; } ; System.out.println(value) ; 61 C. Either A or B D. None of the above A. int B. Object
  54. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 5 What does the following

    output? char ch = 'b' ; switch (ch) { case 'a' -> System.out.println(1) ; case 'b' -> System.out.println(2) ; case 'c' -> { System.out.println(3); } } ; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. Does not compile 62
  55. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 6 What does the following

    print? Object robot = "694" ; if (robot instanceof String s) { System.out.print("x") ; } if (robot instanceof Integer s) { System.out.print("y") ; } System.out.println(robot) ; 63 C. y694 D. Does not compile A. x694 B. xy694
  56. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 7 Which lines have s

    in scope? Object robot = "694" ; if (robot instanceof String s) { // line 1 } if (robot instanceof int i) { // line 2 } // line 3 64 C. 1, 2 and 3 D. Does not compile A. 1 B. 1 and 3
  57. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 8 What is true about

    this class? class Sword { int length ; public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof Sword sword) { return length == sword.length ; } return false ; } // assume hashCode properly implemente d } 65 C. equals() does not compile A. equals() is correct B. equals() is incorrect
  58. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 9 How many if statements

    fail to compile? Number n = 4 ; if (n instanceof Integer x) { } if (n instanceof Integer x && x.intValue() > 1) { } if (n instanceof Integer x || x.intValue() > 1) { } if (n instanceof Integer x || x.toString().isEmpty()) { } 66 C. 2 D. 3 A. 0 B. 1
  59. @jeanneboyarsky Module 2 - Question 10 What does printLength(3) print?

    class Sword { int length = 8 ; public void printLength(Object x) { if (x instanceof Integer length) { length = 2 ; } System.out.println(length) ; } } 67 C. 8 D. Does not compile A. 2 B. 3
  60. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 69
  61. @jeanneboyarsky Now allowed 16 public class Kangaroo { class Joey

    { static int numJoeys = 0 ; } void hop() { interface Hopper { } enum Size { EXTRA_SMALL, SMALL } ; } } Static field in inner classes and method local enums/interfaces 72
  62. @jeanneboyarsky Immutable class 1. Make fields final and private 2.

    Don’t provide setters 3. No subclasses (ex: make class final) 4. Write constructor taking all fields 73 16
  63. @jeanneboyarsky Simple Record 16 public record Book (String title, int

    numPages) { } New type Automatically get * final record * private final instance variables * public accessors * constructor taking both fields * equals * hashCode * no instance initializers 75
  64. @jeanneboyarsky Using the Record 16 Book book = new Book("Breaking

    and entering", 289) ; System.out.println(book.title()) ; System.out.println(book.toString()) ; No “get” Outputs: Breaking and entering Book[title=Breaking and entering, numPages=289] 76
  65. @jeanneboyarsky Add/change methods 16 public record Book (String title, int

    numPages) { @Overrid e public String title() { return '"' + title + '"' ; } public boolean isLong() { return numPages > 300 ; } } Custom method Change behavior 77
  66. @jeanneboyarsky Not really immutable 16 public record Book (String title,

    int numPages, List<String> chapters) { } Book book = new Book("Breaking and entering", 289, chapters) ; chapters.add("2") ; book.chapters().add("3") ; System.out.println(book.chapters()) ; Prints [1,2,3] because shallow immutability 78
  67. @jeanneboyarsky Now immutable 16 public record Book (String title, int

    numPages, List<String> chapters) { public Book { chapters = List.copyOf(chapters) ; } } Must match record access modifier Compact constructor 79
  68. @jeanneboyarsky Sealed classes 17 public abstract sealed class Seasons permits

    Fall, Spring, Summer, Winter { } final class Fall extends Seasons { } final class Spring extends Seasons { } final class Summer extends Seasons { } final class Winter extends Seasons { } Seasons Fall Spring Summer Winter 80
  69. @jeanneboyarsky Subclass modifiers 81 17 Modifer Meaning final Hierarchy ends

    here non-sealed Others can subclass sealed Another layer
  70. @jeanneboyarsky Subclass reference 82 17 Location How reference in permits

    clause same file Package name optional Permits clause optional same package in named/ unnamed module Package name optional different package in named module Package name required different package in unnamed module Not allowed
  71. @jeanneboyarsky Sealed interface 17 public sealed interface TimeOfDay permits Morning,

    Afternoon, Evening { boolean early() ; } public non-sealed class Morning implements TimeOfDay { public boolean early() { return true; } } public non-sealed class Afternoon implements TimeOfDay { public boolean early() { return false; } } public record Evening(int hour) implements TimeOfDay { public boolean early() { return false; } } Records are implicitly final 83
  72. @jeanneboyarsky instanceof 17 public class InstanceOf { static sealed class

    BoolWrapper permits TrueWrapper, FalseWrapper { } static final class TrueWrapper extends BoolWrapper { } static final class FalseWrapper extends BoolWrapper { } public static void main(String[] args) { Map<?, ?> map = new HashMap<>() ; String string = "" ; BoolWrapper boolWrapper = new TrueWrapper() ; System.out.println(map instanceof List); // fals e System.out.println("" instanceof List); // erro r System.out.println(boolWrapper instanceof List); // erro r } 84
  73. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 1 How many lines need

    to be removed for this code to compile? public record BBQ(String type) { } public static void main(String[] args) { BBQ bbq = new BBQ("chicken") ; System.out.println(bbq.setType("pork")) ; System.out.println(bbq.getType()) ; System.out.println(bbq.equals(bbq)) ; } 85 C. 2 D. None of the above A. 0 B. 1
  74. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 2 What does this output?

    public record BBQ(String type) { BBQ { type = type.toUpperCase() ; } } public static void main(String[] args) { BBQ bbq = new BBQ("chicken") ; System.out.println(bbq.type()) ; } 86 C. Does not compile D. None of the above A. chicken B. CHICKEN
  75. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 3 What does this output?

    record BBQ(String type) { BBQ { type = type.toUpperCase() ; } } public static void main(String[] args) { BBQ bbq = new BBQ("chicken") ; System.out.println(bbq.type()) ; } 87 C. Does not compile D. None of the above A. chicken B. CHICKEN
  76. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 4 How many compiler errors

    are in the following code? public final record BBQ(String type) { { type = ""; } public BBQ(String type) { type = type.toUpperCase() ; } public void type() { return ""; } public String toString() { return ""; } } 88 C. 3 D. 4 A. 1 B. 2
  77. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 5 What does this output?

    public record BBQ(String type) implements Comparable<BBQ> { public int compareTo(BBQ bbq) { return type.compareTo(bbq.type) ; } } public static void main(String[] args) { BBQ beef = new BBQ("beef") ; BBQ pork = new BBQ("pork") ; System.out.println(pork.compareTo(beef)) ; } 89 C. 0 D. Does not compile A. Negative # B. Positive #
  78. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 6 What does this output?

    static sealed interface Weather permits Wet, Dry { boolean needUmbrella(); } static non-sealed class Wet implements Weather { public boolean needUmbrella() { return true; } } static record Dry(boolean needUmbrella) implements Weather { } public static void main(String[] args) { Weather weather = new Dry(false) ; System.out.println(weather.needUmbrella()) ; } 90 C. Does not compile D. None of the above A. true B. false
  79. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 7 Which of the following

    are true? (Choose all that apply) A. There is only one hyphenated modifier in Java (non-sealed) B. A sealed interface may permit another interface. C. Sealed records are allowed D. Sealed enums are allowed 91
  80. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 8 Given the following, where

    could Android be? (Choose all that apply) package general ; static sealed class Phone permits IPhone, Android { } A. In the same file as Phone B. In the same package as Phone within a module C. In a different package from Phone, but in the same module D. In a different module 92
  81. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 9 Given the following, where

    could Android be? (Choose all that apply) package general ; static sealed class Phone permits mac.IPhone, google.Android { } A. In the same file as Phone B. In the same package as Phone within a module C. In a different package from Phone, but in the same module D. In a different module 93
  82. @jeanneboyarsky Module 3 - Question 10 How many compiler errors

    are in this code? public sealed class Phone { class IPhone extends Phone { } class Android extends Phone { } } 94 C. 2 D. 3 A. 0 B. 1
  83. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 96
  84. @jeanneboyarsky Painting Example 100 1 2 3 4 5 6

    Take sign out of box Put sign in pile Intermediate Operations Paint sign
  85. @jeanneboyarsky Painting Example 101 Take sign out of box Put

    sign in pile Intermediate Operations Only do 2 signs Paint sign
  86. @jeanneboyarsky Basic Stream list.stream( ) .map(String::strip ) .filter(s -> !

    s.isBlank() ) .map(String::length ) .collect(Collectors.toList()) ; Terminal op Source Intermediate ops 103
  87. @jeanneboyarsky Find Max public OptionalInt max(List<Integer> list) { if (list.isEmpty())

    { return OptionalInt.empty() ; } Collections.sort(list) ; int max = list.get(list.size() - 1) ; return OptionalInt.of(max) ; } public OptionalInt maxStream(List<Integer> list) { list.stream().mapToInt(x -> x).max() ; } 104
  88. @jeanneboyarsky Join a String public String join(List<Integer> list) { String

    result = "" ; for (Integer num : list) { if (! result.isBlank()) { result += " " ; } result += num ; } return result ; } public String joinStream(List<Integer> list) { return list.stream( ) .map(Object::toString ) .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")) ; } 105
  89. @jeanneboyarsky Get First Failures public List<Integer> firstFailures ( List<Build> builds)

    { List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>() ; for (Build build : builds ) if (!build.isPassed() ) result.add(build.getNum()) ; else return result ; return Collections.emptyList() ; } public List<Integer> firstFailuresAsStream ( List<Build> builds) { return builds.stream( ) .takeWhile(b -> ! b.isPassed() ) .map(Build::getNum ) .collect(Collectors.toList()) ; } 106
  90. @jeanneboyarsky Get First Pass public OptionalInt firstPass(List<Build> builds) { List<Integer>

    result = new ArrayList<>() ; for (Build build : builds) { if (build.isPassed()) { return OptionalInt.of(build.getNum()) ; } } return OptionalInt.empty() ; } public OptionalInt firsrtPassAsStream ( List<Build> builds) { return builds.stream( ) .dropWhile(b -> ! b.isPassed() ) .mapToInt(Build::getNum ) .findFirst() ; } 107
  91. @jeanneboyarsky Strings public long countLinesWithQuestionMark(String text) { return text.lines( )

    .filter(s -> s.contains("?") ) .count() ; } public long countQuestionMark(String text) { return text.chars( ) .filter(c -> c == '?' ) .count() ; } 108
  92. @jeanneboyarsky Common Terminal Ops • count() • collect() - more

    on this shortly • allMatch(), anyMatch(), noneMatch() • findFirst(), findAny() • min()/max() • forEach() 109 109
  93. @jeanneboyarsky Iterative Infinite Stream public String counting() { return Stream.iterate(1,

    i -> i+1 ) .limit(10 ) .map(Object::toString ) .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")) ; } public String countingWithLimit() { return Stream.iterate(1, i -> i <=10, i -> i+1 ) .map(Object::toString ) .collect(Collectors.joining(" ")) ; } 112
  94. @jeanneboyarsky FlatMap public List<String> flatten() { var first = List.of("a",

    "b") ; List<String> second = List.of() ; var listOfLists = List.of(first, second) ; return listOfLists.stream( ) .flatMap(Collection::stream ) .collect(Collectors.toList()) ; } var! Why List<String>? 113
  95. @jeanneboyarsky Creating a Map public Map<String, Integer> mapByName ( List<String>

    list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.toMap ( Function.identity(), String::length)) ; } public Map<Integer, String> mapBySize ( List<String> list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.toMap ( String::length, Function.identity(), (a, b) -> a)) ; } 114
  96. @jeanneboyarsky Adding a level public Map<Integer, Long> grouping ( List<String>

    list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.groupingBy ( String::length , Collectors.counting())) ; } public Map<Boolean, Long> partitioning ( List<String> list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.partitioningBy ( String::isEmpty, Collectors.counting())) ; } 115
  97. @jeanneboyarsky Grouping vs Partitioning public Map<Integer, List<String>> grouping ( List<String>

    list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.groupingBy ( String::length)) ; } public Map<Boolean, List<String>> partitioning ( List<String> list) { return list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.partitioningBy ( String::isEmpty)) ; } 116
  98. @jeanneboyarsky Reducing public Integer sum(List<Integer> list) { return list.stream( )

    .reduce(0, (x,y) -> x + y) ; } public Optional<Integer> min(List<Integer> list) { return list.stream( ) .reduce((x, y) -> x < y ? x : y) ; } 117
  99. @jeanneboyarsky Advanced Ops • Sources • generate() • iterate() •

    ofNullable() • Intermediate • flatMap() • Terminal • reduce() • Collectors • toMap() • groupingBy() • partitioningBy() 118
  100. @jeanneboyarsky Teeing Collector 119 12 record Separations(String spaceSeparated, String commaSeparated)

    { } var list = List.of("x", "y", "z") ; Separations result = list.stream( ) .collect(Collectors.teeing ( Collectors.joining(" ") , Collectors.joining(",") , (s, c) -> new Separations(s, c))) ; System.out.println(result) ;
  101. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 1 What does this output?

    public static void main(String[] args) { long count = Strea m .iterate(1; i-> i< 10; i-> i+2).count() ; System.out.println(count) ; } A. 0 B. 5 C. Does not compile D. None of the above 120
  102. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 2 What does this output?

    Stream.iterate(1, i-> i< 10, i-> i++ ) .takeWhile(i -> i < 5 ) .forEach(System.out::println) ; A. The numbers 1-4 B. The numbers 5-10 C. Does not compile D. None of the above 121
  103. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 3 What does this output?

    var map = Stream.generate(() -> 1 ) .limit(5 ) .collect(Collectors.partitioningBy ( x -> x % 2 ==0)) ; System.out.println(map) ; A. {false=[1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} B. {false=[1, 1, 1, 1, 1], true=[]} C. Does not compile D. None of the above 122
  104. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 4 What does this output?

    long count = Stream.of(null).count() ; System.out.println(count) ; A. 0 B. 1 C. null D. Does not compile E. None of the above 123
  105. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 5 What does this output?

    long count = Stream.ofNullable(null).count() ; System.out.println(count) ; A. 0 B. 1 C. null D. Does not compile E. None of the above 124
  106. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 6 What does this output?

    List.of(1,2,3).stream( ) .collect(Collectors.teeing ( Collectors.toSet() , System::forEach)) ; A. 1,2,3 B. {1,2,3} C. Both A and B D. Does not compile E. None of the above 125
  107. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 7 Which can fill in

    the blank to print false? (Choose all that apply) var s = Stream.generate(() -> "meow") ; var match = ________________(String::isEmpty) ; System.out.println(match) ; A. anyMatch B. allMatch C. noneMatch D. findFirst 126
  108. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 8 Which fill in the

    blank to compile but cause the program to hang?(Choose all that apply) var s = Stream.generate(() -> "meow") ; var match = ________________(String::isEmpty) ; System.out.println(match) ; A. anyMatch B. allMatch C. noneMatch D. findFirst 127
  109. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 9 What is the output

    of the following? var x = Stream.of("a", "b", "c" ) .filter(c -> c != "b") ; System.out.println(x) ; A. [b] B. [a, c] C. [a, b, c] D. Does not compile E. None of the above 128
  110. @jeanneboyarsky Module 4 - Question 10 If ____ fills in

    the blank, then the output is_____ (Choose two) var x = Stream.of("a", "bb", "_________" ) .collect(Collectors.toMap ( String::length, Function.identity())) ; System.out.println(x) ; A. cc, {1=a, 2=bb, 3=cc} B. cc, a stack trace C. ccc, {1=a, 2=bb, 3=ccc} D. ccc, a stack trace 129
  111. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 131
  112. @jeanneboyarsky Formatting a String String firstName = "Jeanne" ; String

    lastName = "Boyarsky" ; String str = String.format ( "Hi %s %s!", firstName, lastName) ; System.out.println(str) ; System.out.println("Hi %s %s!".formatted ( firstName, lastName)) ; Outputs: Hi Jeanne Boyarsky! Hi Jeanne Boyarsky! 12 133
  113. @jeanneboyarsky Common Conversions Conversion What it does %s Formattable as

    String %d Decimal integer (no dot) %c Char %f Float (decimal) %n New line Many more out of scope. Examples: • %e - scientific notation • %t - time • %S - converts to all uppercase 134
  114. @jeanneboyarsky Conversion Examples Code Output "%d%%".formatted(1.2) exception "%d%%".formatted(1 ) 1%

    "%s%%".formatted(1 ) 1% "%s%%".formatted(1.2 ) 1.2% “%f%%".formatted(1.2) 1.200000f 12 135
  115. @jeanneboyarsky Formatting a Number Char What it does - Left

    justified + Always include +/- space Leading space if positive Char What it does 0 Zero padded , Group numbers ( Negative # in parens 136
  116. @jeanneboyarsky Flag Examples Code Output "%,d".formatted(1234) 1,234 "%+d".formatted(1234 ) 1234

    “% d".formatted(1234 ) 1234 “%,(d”.formatted(-1234 ) (1,234) “%,f”.formatted ( 1.23456789) 1.234568 12 137
  117. @jeanneboyarsky Compact Number NumberFormat defaultFormat = NumberFormat.getCompactNumberInstance() ; NumberFormat shortFormat

    = NumberForma t .getCompactNumberInstance ( Locale.US, NumberFormat.Style.SHORT) ; NumberFormat longFormat = NumberForma t .getCompactNumberInstance ( Locale.US, NumberFormat.Style.LONG) ; System.out.println(defaultFormat.format(1_000_000)) ; System.out.println(shortFormat.format(1_000_000)) ; System.out.println(longFormat.format(1_000_000)) ; 1M 1M 1 million 12 138
  118. @jeanneboyarsky Date Formatting Letter What it does M Month d

    Day Y Year Letter What it does h/H Hour (12 or 24 hours) m Minute s Second S Millisecond Z Timezone 139
  119. @jeanneboyarsky Advanced Examples Code Output MM-dd 09-15 MM/dd/yyyy Sep/15/2021 MMMM

    dd, yyy y September 15, 2021 hh:mm:s s 13:23:00 h 'o''clock' 1 o’clock LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2021, Month.SEPTEMBER, 15) ; LocalTime time = LocalTime.of(13, 23) ; LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(date, time) ; System.out.println(dateTime.format ( DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“_______”))) ; 140
  120. @jeanneboyarsky Create a Locale Locale loc = Locale.getDefault() ; Locale

    constant = Locale.JAPANESE ; Locale lang = new Locale("en") ; Locale country = new Locale("en", "US") ; Locale invalid = new Locale("US") ; Invalid locales don’t throw an exception, but don’t match 141
  121. @jeanneboyarsky Formatting with Locales NumberFormat shortFormat = NumberFormat . getCompactNumberInstance

    ( Locale.CANADA_FRENCH, NumberFormat.Style.SHORT) ; NumberFormat longFormat = NumberFormat . getCompactNumberInstance ( Locale.CANADA_FRENCH, NumberFormat.Style.LONG) ; System.out.println(shortFormat.format(3_000)) ; System.out.println(longFormat.format(3_000)) ; 3 k 3 mille 142
  122. @jeanneboyarsky Reading a Resource Bundle # Zoo_en.propertie s hello=Hell o

    open=The zoo is ope n // in main metho d Locale french = new Locale("fr", "FR") ; ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Zoo", french) ; System.out.println(rb.getString("open")) ; Le zoo est ouvert # Zoo_fr.propertie s hello=Bonjou r open=Le zoo est ouver t 143
  123. @jeanneboyarsky Picking the right bundle Looks for file Reason Zoo_fr_FR.properties

    Requested locale Zoo_fr.properties Requested language Zoo_en_US.properties Default locale Zoo_en.properties Default language Zoo.properties Default bundle throws exception No matches Once finds bundle, can only get values from it or parent 144
  124. @jeanneboyarsky Message Format # Zoo_en.propertie s hello=Hello {0 } open=The

    zoo is ope n // in main metho d ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Zoo") ; String format = rb.getString("hello") ; System.out.println(MessageFormat.format ( format, "Jeanne")) ; Hello Jeanne # Zoo_fr.propertie s hello=Bonjour {0 } open=Le zoo est ouver t 145
  125. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 1 What does this output?

    System.out.println("%s %d".formatted ( "KCDC", "2021")) ; A. KCDC2021 B. KCDC2021.0 C. KCDC 2021 D. KCDC 2021.0 E. None of the above 146
  126. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 2 What does this output?

    System.out.println("%s +%05d".formatted ( "KCDC", 2021)) ; A. KCDC 2021 B. KCDC +2021 C. KCDC +02021 D. KCDC +002021 E. None of the above 147
  127. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 3 How many things need

    to be changed to print: 2K 3.14? CompactNumberFormat fmt = new CompactNumberFormat() ; System.out.println(fmt.format(2000) + " %.2d".formatted(3.14)) ; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 148
  128. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 4 What does this print?

    LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2021, Month.SEPTEMBER, 14, 6, 15, 44) ; DateTimeFormatter fmt = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("M HH") ; System.out.println(dateTime.format(fmt)) ; A. 9 6 B. 9 06 C. 15 6 D. 15 06 E. None of the above 149
  129. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 5 How many of these

    are valid locales? Locale a = new Locale("en") ; Locale b = new Locale("US") ; Locale c = Locale.of("US") ; Locale d = Locale.of("US") ; A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 150
  130. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 6 Given the answers, which

    will be the first bundle to match? Locale.setDefault(Locale.US) ; ResourceBundle rb = new ResourceBundle("Zoo" , new Locale("fr")) ; A. Zoo_en.properties B. Zoo_fr_FR.properties C. Zoo.properties D. None of the above 151
  131. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 7 Given the answers, which

    will be the first bundle to match? Locale.setDefault(Locale.US) ; ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Zoo" , new Locale("fr")) ; A. Zoo_en.properties B. Zoo_US.properties C. Zoo.properties D. None of the above 152
  132. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 8 Suppose rb is Locale_en.properties

    in this example. Which file will Java look at first if there is no match in that file? ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Zoo" , new Locale("fr")) ; A. Zoo_en_US.properties B. Zoo_fr_FR.properties C. Zoo.properties D. None of the above 153
  133. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 9 What does the following

    output? String format = "{2} < {1}" ; System.out.println(format.formatted(3, 5)) ; A. 3 < 5 B. 5 < 3 C. {2} < 3 D. {2} < 5 E. None of the above 154
  134. @jeanneboyarsky Module 5 - Question 10 What does the following

    output? String format = "{1} < {0}” ; System.out.println ( MessageFormat.format(3, 5)) ; A. 3 < 5 B. 5 < 3 C. {2} < 3 D. {2} < 5 E. None of the above 155
  135. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 157
  136. @jeanneboyarsky Common ways to create a Path Path path1 =

    Paths.get("files","kcdc.txt") ; Path path2 = Paths.get("files/kcdc.txt") ; Path path3 = Path.of("files/kcdc.txt") ; Path path4 = new File("files/kcdc.txt").toPath() ; / vs \ 160
  137. @jeanneboyarsky Side note - NullPointer Path path = null ;

    // lots of code her e System.out.println(path.toAbsolutePath()) ; % java11 HelpfulNullPointer.java Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerExceptio n at HelpfulNullPointer.main(HelpfulNullPointer.java:9 ) % java17 HelpfulNullPointer.java Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "java.nio.file.Path.toAbsolutePath()" because “path" is nul l at HelpfulNullPointer.main(HelpfulNullPointer.java:9 ) 14 161
  138. @jeanneboyarsky Reading a File - Originally File file = new

    File("files/kcdc.txt") ; BufferedReader reader = null ; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)) ; String line = null ; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line) ; } } finally { if (reader != null) { reader.close() ; } } 162
  139. @jeanneboyarsky Try with Resources File file = new File("files/kcdc.txt") ;

    try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader ( new FileReader(file))) { String line = null ; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line) ; } } 163
  140. @jeanneboyarsky 3 ways with NIO.2 Path path = Path.of(“files/kcdc.txt") ;

    String str = Files.readString(path) ; List<String> list = Files.readAllLines(path) ; String strOld = new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), Charset.defaultCharset()) ; System.out.println(str) ; list.forEach(System.out::println) ; System.out.println(strOld) ; 164
  141. @jeanneboyarsky Fixed with UncheckedIOException public String readCombinedValues() throws IOException {

    Path path = Path.of("files") ; return Files.list(path ) .map(this::readAsString ) .collect(Collectors.joining(",")) ; } private String readAsString(Path path) { try { return Files.readString(path) ; } catch(IOException e) { throw new UncheckedIOException(e) ; } } 165
  142. @jeanneboyarsky What’s wrong? public String readCombinedValues() { Path path =

    Path.of(“files") ; return Files.list(path ) .map(this::readAsString ) .collect(Collectors.joining(",")) ; } private String readAsString(Path path) { return Files.readString(path) ; } Files list() and readString() throw checked IOException 167
  143. @jeanneboyarsky Writing a File - IO File file = new

    File("kcdc.txt") ; try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter ( new FileWriter(file))) { writer.write("Hello\n") ; } try (PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter ( new FileWriter(file))) { writer.println("Hello\n") ; } try (BufferedOutputStream stream = new BufferedOutputStream ( new FileOutputStream(file))) { stream.write(“Hello\n".getBytes ( Charset.defaultCharset())) ; } 168
  144. @jeanneboyarsky Writing a File - NIO.2 Path path = Path.of(“kcdc.txt”)

    ; Files.write(path, “hello".getBytes ( Charset.defaultCharset())) ; Files.writeString(path, "hello") ; Files.write(path, List.of("hello")) ; 169
  145. @jeanneboyarsky Writing a File - Common Options Files.writeString(path, "hello", StandardOpenOption.________)

    ; APPEND Adds to file CREATE Creates new file if doesn’t exist CREATE_NEW Creates new file if exists. Otherwise fails Defaults to creating if doesn’t exist and overwriting if does 170
  146. @jeanneboyarsky New Files.mismatch() Path kcdc = Path.of("files/kcdc.txt") ; Path kc

    = Path.of("files/kc.txt") ; System.out.println(Files.mismatch(kcdc, kc)) ; System.out.println(Files.mismatch(kcdc, kcdc)) ; 12 11 (index of first character different) -1 (same file contents regardless of whether exists) 171
  147. @jeanneboyarsky Other Useful Files methods isSameFile() Resolve to same file

    createDirectory() createDirectories() The later adds interm folders copy() Copy path/input stream to file/directory move() Move between paths delete() deleteIfExists() The former throws exception newBufferedReader() newBufferedWriter() Interact with legacy I/O walk() Visit all files in tree A number of these take optional varargs to customize 172
  148. @jeanneboyarsky Useful Path methods toFile() Legacy file toAbsolutePath() / or

    c: or … getParent() One level up getRoot() Top level normalize() Simplifies . and .. relativize(Path) Relative path from object to parameter (both must be absolute or relative) resolve(Path) Add parameter to path of object (if absolute path passed in, object ignored) 173
  149. @jeanneboyarsky Types of I/O • Byte vs character • Input

    vs output • Low level vs high level Examples • ByteArrayInputStream • FileWriter • ObjectOutputStream 174
  150. @jeanneboyarsky Console Console c = System.console() ; String line =

    c.readLine("Name?") ; String formatting = c.readLine("%s?", "Name") ; char[] password = c.readPassword() ; char[] pwd = c.readPassword("%s?", “Secrets") ; c.printf("%d", 1) ; c.format("%b", true) ; reader() and writer() for direct access Console can be null! 175
  151. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 1 What does the following

    output? Path clock = new Path("time/device/../clock") ; Path phone = new Path("time/phone") ; System.out.println(clock.relativize(phone)) ; A. phone B. ../phone C. time/device/phone D. time/device/../clock/..phone E. None of the above 176
  152. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 2 What does the following

    output? Path clock = Paths.get(“time/device/../clock”) ; Path phone = Path.of(“time/phone") ; System.out.println(clock.relativize(phone)) ; A. phone B. ../phone C. time/device/phone D. time/device/../clock/..phone E. None of the above 177
  153. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 3 Which are true? Path

    path = Path.of("file") ; System.out.println(Files.mismatch(path, path)) ; A. If the file exists, prints -1 B. If the file exists, throws exception C. If the file does not exist, prints -1 D. If the file does not exist, throws exception E. Does not compile 178
  154. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 4 Which are true if

    file1 contains “howdy”? Path path1 = Path.of("file1") ; Path path2 = Path.of("file2") ; System.out.println(Files.mismatch(path1, path2)) ; A. If file2 contains “howdy”, prints -1 B. If file2 contains “howdy”, prints 0 C. If file2 does not exist, prints -1 D. If file2 does not exist, throws exception E. Does not compile 179
  155. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 5 Which are true if

    file1 contains “howdy”? Path path1 = Path.of("file1") ; Path path2 = Path.of("file2") ; System.out.println(Files.mismatch(path1, path2)) ; A. If file2 contains “hello”, prints -1 B. If file2 contains “hello”, prints 0 C. If file2 contains “hello”, prints 1 D. If file2 contains “uh”, prints -1 E. If file2 contains “uh”, prints 0 180
  156. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 6 How many problems are

    in this code? public static void main(String[] args) { Files.lines(Path.of("lamp") ) .filter(String::isEmpty ) .collect(Collectors.toSet() ) .forEach(System.out::println) ; } A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 181
  157. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 7 What is true of

    this code? Console console = System.console() ; char[] secret = console.readPassword() ; System.out.println(secret) ; A. Guaranteed to print password B. Guaranteed not to print password C. Guaranteed to complete successfully D. Does not compile E. May throw an unchecked exception 182
  158. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 8 Which of these are

    meant for binary data? A. FileInputStream B. FileReader C. InputStreamReader D. ObjectOutputStream E. PrintWriter 183
  159. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 9 Which of these are

    meant for output? A. FileInputStream B. FileReader C. InputStreamReader D. ObjectOutputStream E. PrintWriter 184
  160. @jeanneboyarsky Module 6 - Question 10 Which of these are

    low level? A. FileInputStream B. FileReader C. InputStreamReader D. ObjectOutputStream E. PrintWriter 185
  161. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 187
  162. @jeanneboyarsky Benefits •Specify what use •No circular dependencies •Unique package

    enforcement •Custom Java builds/packages •Better access control (“Private packages’) 190
  163. @jeanneboyarsky Simplest module •module-info.java file in module root directory 194

    module zoo.animal.feeding { } Module name (periods common like packages) “module” keyword Technically no packages required
  164. @jeanneboyarsky Adding a class 195 package zoo.animal.feeding ; public class

    Task { public static void main(String... args) { System.out.println("All fed!") ; } }
  165. @jeanneboyarsky Running and Packaging 197 javac --module-path mods -d feeding

    feeding/zoo/animal/feeding/*.java feeding/module-info.jav a java --module-path feeding --module zoo.animal.feeding/zoo.animal.feeding.Tas k jar -cvf mods/zoo.animal.feeding.jar -C feeding/ . module name fully qualified class name -p is module path -m is module
  166. @jeanneboyarsky Adding a second module 200 module zoo.animal.care { exports

    zoo.animal.care.medical ; requires zoo.animal.feeding ; } Declares dependency on feeding
  167. @jeanneboyarsky Now we can use the class 201 package zoo.animal.care.details

    ; import zoo.animal.feeding.* ; public class HippoBirthday { private Task task ; } Sub-package
  168. @jeanneboyarsky Levels of access control 202 Level Within module Outside

    module private Accessible only within class No access default (package/ package-private) Accessible only within package No access protected Accessible only within package or to subclasses Accessible to subclasses only if exported public Accessible to all classes Accessible only if package exported
  169. @jeanneboyarsky Requires Transitive • Superset of requires • Adds all

    modules the target exports • Cannot have duplicate requires statements (or requires and requires transitive) • Can require something that is in the other modules exports list 203
  170. @jeanneboyarsky Reviewing Directives 204 exports Make package available requires Depends

    on this module requires transitive Depends on this module and everything it requires
  171. @jeanneboyarsky More Directives 205 provides Provides an implementation of a

    service provides zoo.staff.ZooApi with zoo.staff.ZooImpl uses Uses a service uses zoo.staff.ZooImpl opens Allows reflection opens zoo.animal.talks.schedule; opens zoo.animal.talks.media to zoo.staff;
  172. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 1 Is this is a

    valid module? zoo.staf f |---zo o |-- staf f |-- Vet.jav a A. Yes if module-info was added under zoo.staff B. Yes if module-info was added under zoo C. Yes if module-info was added under staff D. None of these make it valid 206
  173. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 2 Which fills in the

    blank if animal.behavior is a package? module animal { ______ animal.behavior ; } A. export B. exports C. require D. requires 207
  174. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 3 Which fills in the

    blank if animal.behavior is a module? module animal { ______ animal.behavior ; } A. export B. exports C. require D. requires 208
  175. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 4 Fill in the blanks

    to compile jav a ____ zoo.animal.talks/zoo/animal/talks/Peacock s ____ module s A. -d and -m B. -d and -p C. -m and -d D. -m and -p E. None of the above 209
  176. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 5 Which are true of

    this module? (Choose two) module com.food.supplier { } A. All packages are automatically exported B. No packages are automatically exported C. A main method can be run D. A main method cannot be run 210
  177. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 6 Which is a legal

    command to run a program in a module? (Choose all) A. java -p x -m x/x B. java -p x-x -m x/x C. java -p x -m x-x/x D. java -p x -m x/x-x E. java -p x -m x.x F. java -p x.x -m x.x 211
  178. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 7 Which best fills in

    the blank? module __________ { exports com.unicorn.horn ; exports com.unicorn.magic ; } A. com B. com.unicorn C. com.unicorn.horn D. The code does not compile E. None of these is a good choice 212
  179. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 8 Which is the first

    to have a compiler error? 1: module snake { 2: exports com.snake.tail ; 3: exports com.snake.fangs to bird ; 4: requires skin ; 5: requires transitive skin ; 6: } A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. None of the above 213
  180. @jeanneboyarsky Module 7 - Question 9 Which of the following

    would be a legal module name? (Choose all that apply) A. com.book B. com-book C. com.book$ D. com-book$ E. 4com.book F. 4com-book 214
  181. @jeanneboyarsky Agenda Module Topics 1 Intro & Changes to Strings

    2 Switch expressions & Pattern matching 3 Records and Sealed classes 4 Streams including Collectors.teeing 5 Localization/Formatting including CompactNumberFormatting 6 I/O including Helpful NullPointers 7 Modules 8 Other topics + open Q&A 216
  182. @jeanneboyarsky Using var (Local Variable Type Inference) 218 String name1

    = "Jeanne" ; var name2 = "Jeanne" ; List list1 = List.of(1, 2, 3) ; var list2 = List.of(1, 2, 3) ; Syntactic sugar/less boilerplate
  183. @jeanneboyarsky Readablity 221 List<WebElement> headers = thead.findElements(By.tagName("th")) ; VolunteerDashboardRow headerRow

    = new VolunteerDashboardRow(headers) ; vs var headers = thead.findElements(By.tagName("th")) ; var headerRow = new VolunteerDashboardRow(headers) ;
  184. @jeanneboyarsky What types are these? 222 var csvPath = createAndGetFile(CSV_DATA)

    ; try (var csvWriter = Files.newBufferedWriter(csvPath) ; var csvPrinter = new CSVPrinter ( csvWriter, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) { }
  185. @jeanneboyarsky Evolution 223 Map<Integer, String> productMap1 = new HashMap<Integer, String>()

    ; Map<Integer, String> productMap2 = new HashMap<>() ; var productMap3 = new HashMap<Integer, String>() ;
  186. @jeanneboyarsky Where can we use? 224 var name = "Jeanne"

    ; var other = name + 2 ; var list = List.of(1, 2, 3) ; for (var num : list) { }
  187. @jeanneboyarsky Where can’t we use? 225 var instance = 1

    ; class Inner { var bad = "abc"; } public static void main(String[] args) { var noGood ; noGood = 4 ; } What’s wrong?
  188. @jeanneboyarsky Tradeoffs 227 Pros Cons Less typing Loss of information

    Less redundancy Variable names matter more Can scan variable names Be careful! http://openjdk.java.net/projects/amber/LVTIstyle.html
  189. @jeanneboyarsky Lambdas 228 Predicate<String> pred1 = p -> true ;

    Predicate<String> pred2 = (String p) -> true ; Predicate<String> pred3 = (var p) -> true ;
  190. @jeanneboyarsky All or nothing 230 // goo d BiPredicate<Map<Integer, String>,

    Boolean> bi1 = (var map, var list) -> true ; // ba d BiPredicate<Map<Integer, String>, Boolean> bi2 = (var map, list) -> true ; BiPredicate<Map<Integer, String>, Boolean> bi3 = (var map, List list) -> true ;
  191. @jeanneboyarsky Which are effectively final? 232 int numChairs = 4

    ; int numLegs = numChairs * 4 ; numChairs++ ; System.out.println(numChairs) ; Just numLegs
  192. @jeanneboyarsky Original code 233 Path path = Paths.get("file") ; try

    (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path)) { // read fil e }
  193. @jeanneboyarsky With var 234 var path = Paths.get("file") ; try

    (var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path)) { // read fil e }
  194. @jeanneboyarsky Before try 235 var path = Paths.get("file") ; var

    reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path) ; try (reader) { // read fil e } Works because path is effectively final
  195. @jeanneboyarsky What’s wrong here? 236 Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url) ;

    PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql) ; ps.setInt(1, id) ; ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery() ; try (con; ps; rs) { while (rs.next()) { // process result se t } } Resource leak!
  196. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 1 Which are true if

    the resources are ResultSets? try (rs1, rs2) { } A. rs1 is closed before rs2 B. rs2 is closed before rs1 C. Neither is closed since declared before try D. The code does not compile 237
  197. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 2 Which are true if

    the resources are ResultSets? try (rs1; rs2) { } A. rs1 is closed before rs2 B. rs2 is closed before rs1 C. Neither is closed since declared before try D. The code does not compile 238
  198. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 3 What is the result

    of the following? var a = 1 ; var b = a ; int c = b ; System.out.println(c) ; A. a does not compile B. b does not compile C. c does not compile D. 1 E. None of the above 239
  199. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 4 What is the result

    of the following? var a = 1 ; var b = a ; double c = b ; System.out.println(c) ; A. a does not compile B. b does not compile C. c does not compile D. 1.0 E. None of the above 240
  200. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 5 What is the result

    of the following? var path = Paths.get("file") ; var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path) ; reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path) ; try(reader) { // read fil e } A. reader is closed B. reader remains open C. None; the code does not compile 241
  201. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 6 What is the result

    of the following? var a = 1 ; var b = a ; String c = b ; System.out.println(c) ; A. a does not compile B. b does not compile C. c does not compile D. 1 E. None of the above 242
  202. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 7 Which variables do not

    compile? (Choose all) var a = null ; var b = 1 ; var c ; var var = 3; A. a B. b C. c D. All compile 243
  203. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 8 Which do not compile?

    (Choose all) A. var a; a = 1; B. static var b = 1; C. int x=1, var y=1; D. var VAR = 1; E. All compile 244
  204. @jeanneboyarsky Module 8 - Question 9 Which allow using var?

    A. Instance variables B. Lambda variables C. Static variables D. Try with resources 245
  205. @jeanneboyarsky Fun (not on exam) •Java 11 - Unicode 11

    •Java 17 - Unicode 17 public class Fun { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("" " Wear \uD83E\uDD7D \ and \uD83E\uDD7C \ when using a \uD83E\uDDEA""") ; } } 247 java17 Fun.java Wear 🥽 and 🥼 when using a 🧪