research on trust can be summarized by three attributes: WHAT IS CURIOSITY? Definition of trust The willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other party will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control the other party Risk or having something invested, is requisite to trust; trust is evident only in situations where the potential damage from unfulfilled trust is greater than possible gain if trust is fulfilled 1. trust entails the assumption of risks some form of trust in inherent in all relationships Willingness to take risks (one of the few characteristics common to all trust situations) There must be some meaningful incentives at stake and that the trustor must be cognizant of the risk involved Cognitive trust refers to beliefs about another's trustworthiness Affective trust refers to the important role of emotions in the trust process Behavioral trust in teams is relying on another and disclosing sensitive information to another Accepting the risks associated with the type and depth of the interdependence inherent in a given relationship Group's trust for another: A shared belief by member's of a focal group about how willing that group is to be vulnerable to the a target group Interorganizational trust is collectively held trust orientation toward the partner firm Mutual trust exists when two people have complementary trust for one another and when each perceives that the other is aware of his intent and his trust Reciprocal trust is the trust that results when a party observes the actions of another and reconsiders one's attitude and subsequent behavior based on those observations Trust implies a belief that an individual will not act opportunistically or in a self-serving manner; belief of a congruence of values Trust (3 Facets) 1. trust in another party reflects an expectation or belief that the other party will act benevolently 2. trust involves a willingness to be vulnerable and risk that the other party may not fulfill the expectations 3. trust involves some level of dependency on the other party so that the outcomes of one individual are influenced by the actions of another Source Mayer et al. (1995) Sheppard & Sherman, 1998; Deutsch, 1958 Johnson-George and Swap (1982) Kee and Knox (1970) Gillespie & Mann, 2004; Gillespie, 2003 Sheppard and Sherman (1998) Serva, Fuller, & Mayer, 2005; Mayer et al., 1995 Serva et al., 2005; Zaheer, McEvily, & Perrone, 1998 Serva et al., 2005; Deutsch, 1958 Serva et al. (2005) Hall et al., 2004; Lewicki & Bunker, 1995 Whitener et al. (1998) Definition of trust Trust can be viewed as an attitude (derived from trustor's perceptions, beliefs, and attributions about the trustee based upon trustee's behavior) held by one individual toward another A psychological state compromising the intention to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of the intentions or behavior of another Willingness to be vulnerable Willingness to rely on another Interpersonal trust: two dimensions 1. Cognitive — reflect issues such as the reliability, integrity, honest, and fairness of a referent 2. Affective — reflect a special relationship with the referent to demonstrate concern about one's welfare One's willingness to rely on another's actions in a situation involving the risk of opportunism Based on individuals' expectations that others will behave in ways that are helpful or at least not harmful One believes in and is willing to depend on another party Two components: Trusting intention: one is willing to depend on the other person in a given situation Trusting beliefs: one believes the other person is benevolent, competent, honest, or predictable in a situation Disposition to trust: refers to a tendency to be willing to depend on others Institution-based trust: one believes impersonal structures support one's likelihood for success in a given situation; reflects the security one feels about a situation because of guarantees, safety nets, or other structures Personality-based trust: develops during childhood as an infant seeks and receives help from his or her benevolent caregiver resulting in a general tendency to trust others Cognitive-based trust: relies on rapid, cognitive cues or first impressions as opposed to personal interactions Source Whitener et al. (1998) Rousseau et al. (1998) Rousseau et al. (1998) Rousseau et al., 1998; Doney, Cannon, & Mullen, 1998 Dirks & Ferrin, 2002; McAllister, 1995 Williams, 2001; Mayer et al., 1995; Zand, 1972 Williams, 2001; Gambetta, 1998 McKnight, Cummings, & Chervany, 1998; Mayer et al., 1995 McKnight et al., 1998; Currall & Judge, 1995 McKnight et al., 1998; Mayer et al., 1995 McKnight et al. (1998) McKnight et al., 1998; Shapiro, 1987; Zucker, 1986 McKnight et al., 1998; Bowlby, 1982; Erikson, 1968; Rotter, 1967 McKnight et al., 1998; Brewer, 1981; Lewis & Weingert, 1985; Meyerson, Weick, & Kramer, 1996 Burke, C. S. et al. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and Integration. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 606–632.
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