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Stay Out of the Kitchen: A DLP Security Bake-Of...

Stay Out of the Kitchen: A DLP Security Bake-Off by Zach Lanier and Kelly Lum

Despite a plethora of data security and protection standards and certifications, companies and their systems are still leaking information like a sieve. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions have often been touted as the "silver bullet" that will keep corporations from becoming the next headline. With deployment models ranging from a fat agent on an endpoint, to a blinky-lights box surveilling all network traffic, to some unified threat management gateway with DLP secret sauce, these solutions are ripe for bypass - or worse.

This talk will discuss our research into a handful of DLP solutions, including their capabilities and their shortcomings. We will demonstrate flaws in administrative and programmatic interfaces and the inspection engines themselves.

ZACH LANIER
DUO SECURITY

Zach Lanier is a Security Researcher with Duo Security, specializing in various bits of network, mobile, and application security. Prior to joining Duo, Zach most recently served as a Senior Research Scientist with Accuvant LABS. He has spoken at a variety of security conferences, such as Black Hat, CanSecWest, INFILTRATE, ShmooCon, and SecTor, and is a co-author of the recently published "Android Hackers' Handbook."

KELLY LUM
Tumblr

Kelly has "officially" worked in Information Security since 2003, in everything from start-ups to government organizations to finance. Kelly is a security engineer at Tumblr.

Duo Security

August 12, 2014
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Transcript

  1. Introduction • Our research is on-going and results herein are

    not exhaustive • Note the “security” qualifier before “bake-off” — this isn’t just a feature comparison • Read: we totally went down the rabbit hole of bug hunting, not bypass hunting
  2. Agenda • DLP overview • Targets/products in scope • Components

    breakdown • Assessment criteria/Methodology • Findings (by target) • Conclusion / Q&A
  3. What is DLP? • “Data Loss/Leakage Prevention” • Identify “sensitive

    stuff”, keep it from leaving the company • Various approaches: • Network monitoring/sniffing • Endpoint agent • Real-time monitor • Filesystem/DB/CMS/etc. crawler
  4. Why DLP? • Used to be a hot-button topic •

    Panacea to solve all data leakage woes • “Keeps honest people from doing dumb things” • Data breaches and “files falling off the back of a digital truck” spurred DLP
  5. Why WE chose to look at DLP • Curious about

    attack surface, reliability, etc. • Like other security products, DLP agents/appliances often have high privileges or are “ideally” situated (i.e. see all the traffic) • Testing the “security of security products” is always interesting • Big vendor buys small vendor, integrates then shelves them…
 meaning security is often overlooked

  6. Previous Research • A bunch of blog posts and whitepapers

    by Securosis • “Defeating DLP”, Matasano, BlackHat USA 2007 • “Gone in 60 Minutes: Stealing Sensitive Data from Thousands of Systems Simultaneously with OpenDLP”, Andrew Gavin, DEFCON 19 • Many others…
  7. Vendors/Products Evaluated Vendor Product Version OS Trend Micro DLP Management

    Appliance 5.6 Linux DLP Endpoint Agent 5.6 Windows Sophos Astaro UTM Appliance 9.201 Linux Sophos Enterprise Console 5.2.1r2 Windows Sophos Endpoint Security N/A Windows Websense TRITON Management Server 7.8.3 Windows Data Protector Endpoint Agent 7.8.3 Windows, Linux, OS X Data Security Protector Appliance 7.8.3 Linux OpenDLP OpenDLP 0.5.1 Linux
  8. Trend Micro • Windows endpoint agent - monitoring and policy

    enforcement on client machines • Acts like a “legitimate” rootkit and hides itself • Network agent - virtual appliance; monitors network traffic • Remote crawler - for digital assets on machines not on corporate network • Management server - Linux-based virtual appliance
  9. Websense • TRITON management server - unified management console; Apache

    Coyote on Windows, backed by MSSQL DB • Windows, OS X, Linux endpoint agents • File and network drivers • Can also monitor clipboard operations • Linux-based “Protector” appliance • Restricted “admin” shell • Crawler agents can index/identify sensitive documents
  10. Sophos • Enterprise Management Console - fat/native, Windows-based unified management

    console • Whole lotta .NET… • Sophos endpoint security - antivirus + DLP + … (Windows, OS X, Linux)
  11. OpenDLP • Typically Linux virtual appliance • Apache + a

    lot of Perl • Windows agent • File system crawler and document parser (PCRE-based) • SSHFS-based crawler • And some Metasploit modules (wtf?)
  12. On the ubiquity of KeyView… • “kvoop” binary (“KeyView OOP”)

    showed up a lot • Part of KeyView Filter SDK, used for parsing and normalizing various data and document formats • Used in numerous DLP products, messaging servers, and "big data" platforms • e.g. “EPClassifier” in Websense spawns kvoop processes to handle documents
  13. Methodology Target Component Test(s) Network Appliance Parsers (docs and configuration)

    Invalid/mangled files Update/Deployment mechanism Protocol analysis; crypto/signing Operating System Configuration auditing Hardening practices Endpoints/Agents Parsers (docs and configuration) Invalid/mangled files Update/Deployment mechanism Protocol analysis; crypto/signing Drivers and Services Hardening practices/config Fizzing (i.e. IOCTLs, network, etc.) Management Server Web Server/Web App LOL OWASP TOP 10 Database Configuration auditing Sensitive data storage Operating System Configuration auditing Hardening practices
  14. General Findings Notes • Little to no hardening on (Linux)

    appliances • Many services run as root • Lack of exploit mitigations • Highly privileged endpoint agent software out of the box (root, LOCALSYSTEM) • General absence of security best practices • Comms encryption, webappsec101, etc. • Occasional bug inheritance (e.g. OpenSSL!)
  15. Sophos: What we didn’t find • Majority of code implemented

    in .NET • Utilizes most of the MS core libraries, which means: • DB best practices • Contextualized Input/Output • Standardized Encryption Libraries
  16. Not a whole lot… • Most services chroot’ed (eh…), drop

    privs • Web app fairly clean (just a few really low impact “issues”) • Tight network- and login- access control restrictions
  17. Websense Protector & Endpoint Agent - RCE + Privesc •

    Websense DLP policy objects include keywords, regexes, etc. • Regex entries are actually Python pickled objects • TRITON management server encrypts, bundles policies/ files, pushes to agents and appliances • Local admin on TRITON server could replace “.pic” file with custom pickled objects…
  18. Because my video didn’t work out… Our crappy
 pickle POC;


    after
 overwriting a
 “legitimate”
 policy file Reverse shell from Protector
 after policy update
  19. “Is your objective to improve security, or make your quarterly

    targets?” -@snowcrashmike • Defenses add weaknesses • Caveat emptor • Every new piece of infrastructure is additional attack surface • Security companies should know better • If a scanner can find it, what’s your excuse? • Know what/who you’re defending against • An advanced insider probably has own abilities