PADNUG — Designing Progressive Web Apps

If you have a website — particularly one that generates revenue for your organization — you need a Progressive Web App. So where do you begin?

How do you decide which features of a Progressive Web App make sense for your users? What tools can make the process easier (or harder)?

In this practical session, Jason will guide you through the key design decisions you’ll need to make about your Progressive Web App and how those decisions impact the scope of your project. He'll also teach you how to avoid common pitfalls and help you take full advantage of Progressive Web App technology.

Transcript

1. Designing Progressive Web Apps
2. We need a progressive web app!
3. What is a progressive web app?
4. How do we create a plan for this?
5. Do we need a progressive web app?
6. How does the CEO even know about progressive web apps?
7. Cool. I’ve been wanting to play with service workers… Maybe we can use Vue.js here as well… I wonder if this can be used as excuse to switch to node js…
9. How does the CEO even know about progressive web apps?
12. eXtra Electronics • 12% click-through rate • 100% more sales from users arriving via web push • 4x increase in re-engagement Source: Google, http://bit.ly/2eqSf18
13. Source: https://medium.com/dev-channel/a-pinterest-progressive-web-app-performance-case-study-3bd6ed2e6154
15. What is a progressive web app?
16. Original Definition by Frances Berriman and Alex Russell Responsive 
 Fit any form factor. RWD FTW! Connectivity Independent
 Offline features thanks to service workers. App-like interactions
 App shell for apps navigation. Fresh
 Up-to-date thanks to service workers. Safe
 Served on HTTPS. Discoverable
 Manifest files identify them as apps. Re-engageable
 Push notifications bring people back to apps. Installable
 Can be installed to the home screen w/o app stores. Linkable
 Still part of the web—URLs still work. Progressive
 Use progressive enhancement for better experience.
24. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/14fBthXt3i3nRbi7vUrVXj3CjI1ILcYlKDAUMf1LXWpY/edit#slide=id.p22
25. PWA is a website that has been enhanced with: {manifest} https service worker Credit to Jeremy Keith for explicitly declaring a technical definition: https://adactio.com/journal/13098
26. https
27. https
28. https
31. Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open Certificate Authority. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. We're running a crowdfunding campaign to support our operations, please consider contributing now! Get Started Donate FROM OUR BLOG Nov 1, 2016 Launching Our Crowdfunding Campaign Today we kicked off our first crowdfunding campaign with the goal of raising enough funds to cover about one month of our operations - $200,000. Read more Oct 27, 2016 Our First Grant: The Ford Foundation We are proud to announce that The Ford Foundation has awarded us a grant to help our growing operations. Read more Oct 24, 2016 Squarespace OCSP Stapling Implementation MA JOR SPONSORS Documentation Get Help Donate ▾ About Us ▾
33. Even existing features that used to work on HTTP, like GeoLocation API, now require HTTPS
34. Soon browsers will warn users that your site isn’t on HTTPS
35. service worker
36. Progressive Web App Service Worker Cache Network Explicit control of network requests and cache
37. Service workers key to performance boon Source: Google, http://bit.ly/2fpGrRr
38. Service workers key to performance boon Source: Google, http://bit.ly/2fpGrRr
39. Service workers are also key to providing an offline experience and push notifications
40. {manifest}
41. { name: "Cloud Four", short_name: "Cloud Four", description: "We design and develop responsive websites and progressive web apps.", icons: [ { src: "/android-chrome-192x192.png", sizes: "192x192", type: "image/png" }, { src: "/android-chrome-512x512.png", sizes: "512x512", type: "image/png" } ], theme_color: "#456BD9", background_color: "#FFFFFF", display: "standalone", orientation: "natural", start_url: "/", gcm_sender_id: "482941778795" } Manifest files are simple JSON documents
42. Add to home screen install banners Source: Google, http://bit.ly/2ejW2Rr
43. PWA is a website that has been enhanced with: {manifest} https service worker But PWAs can be much more…
44. Progressive web apps allow us to build experiences that previously required a native application.
45. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tb-1MWg44Y
46. The hype can be a turn off https://twitter.com/elliotecweb/status/864070806569066497
47. The name isn’t for you and worrying about it is distraction from just building things that work better for everyone. The name is for your boss, for your investor, for your marketeer. —Frances Berriman, Naming Progressive Web Apps
49. Do we need a progressive web app?
50. If so, you would probably benefit from a PWA. Does your organization have a website?
51. Does your organization make money on your website via e-commerce, advertising, or some other method? If so, you definitely need a progressive web app.
52. FUD Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt
53. We already have a native app, why do we need a PWA?
54. Reach people who don’t have your native app installed or are on a different device.
55. 8+ apps 5-7 apps 4 apps 3 apps 2 apps 1 app 0 apps 49% 13% 11% 8% 6% 7% 6% U.S. smartphone users’ number of apps downloads per month Source: Comscore 2016 U.S. Mobile App Report, http://bit.ly/2d27iPI
56. Average Android App Retention of Daily Active Users Source: Quettra via Andrew Chen http://bit.ly/1Hq53AR Percentage of Users Still Active 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Days Since App Install 0 1 3 7 14 30 60 90
57. © comScore, Inc. Proprietary. 26 Advertising and marketing is becoming a more important driver of app installs, while the app store’s influence may have peaked. App acquisition appears to be moving from ‘pull’ to ‘push’. App stores remain the most important method, but they are no longer growing in importance. Meanwhile, more users are now discovering apps from websites, digital ads and traditional media ads, highlighting the increasing importance of traditional push marketing for user acquisition. Most Common App Discovery Channels Among Smartphone Users Source: comScore MobiLens, U.S., Age 13+, 3 Month Average Ending June 2016 vs. June 2015 21% 14% 16% 9% 8% 9% 8% 6% 21% 14% 16% 11% 8% 11% 9% 9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Searched app store Featured/ Top List in app store via friend/ family via comment/ review/ social site via news/ print review/ TV show via a website via Ad on device browser/ app via Ad on TV/ print/ billboard % of Smartphone Users Jun-2015 Jun-2016 App Store Word-of-Mouth/Opinion Advertising/Marketing Being in the app store is no longer enough. Cost of acquisition higher.
58. © comScore, Inc. Proprietary. 15 And mobile audience growth is being driven more by mobile web properties, which are actually bigger and growing faster than apps. A comparison of the Top 1000 Apps vs. the Top 1000 Mobile Web Properties shows that despite apps dominance in usage time, mobile web is responsible for big audiences on mobile. Mobile web audiences are almost 3x the size and growing 2x as fast as app audiences. Average Monthly Audience: Top 1000 Mobile Apps vs. Top 1000 Mobile Web Properties Source: comScore Mobile Metrix, U.S., Age 18+ - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Jun-2014 Sep-2014 Dec-2014 Mar-2015 Jun-2015 Sep-2015 Dec-2015 Mar-2016 Jun-2016 Unique Visitors (000) Apps Mobile Web +82% vs. 2014 +45% vs. 2014 “Mobile web audiences are almost 3x the size and growing 2x as fast as app audiences.”
59. Your website is often a customer’s first interaction with your company. 
 A better web experience will likely mean more revenue and more native app installs.
60. The web can’t do [insert thing here]
74. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ashleyrosex/2861690380 The web can do more than we think.
75. LET’S DO THIS!
76. 1. Making it feel like an app 2. Installation and Discovery 3. Offline mode 4. Push Notifications 5. Beyond PWAs
77. 1. Making it feel like an app
79. Like obscenity and brunch, web apps can be described but not defined. —Jeremy Keith, By any other name
80. Make it look native? https://material.io/guidelines/platforms/platform-adaptation.html#platform-adaptation-when-to-adapt
81. Do you switch design language between platforms? Material Design iOS Design
82. How many platforms will you adapt to?
83. What about desktop browsers?
84. Will you jump every time the platform changes?
85. Define your own design and be consistent. Tripcase maintains same design across platforms.
86. More immersive experience https://www.flickr.com/photos/taylorherringpr/33138630633/in/album-72157679764685922/
87. Manifest file display options display: "standalone" display: "fullscreen" display: "browser" display: “minimal-ui”
88. We’re spoiled by our browsers
89. The warm comforts of the browser navigation bar status bar address bar
90. The warm comforts of the browser info, refresh, download tabs downloads find in page
91. The warm comforts of the browser sharing printing email
92. Roughing it in app land
93. Adding a back button is harder than it seems • Manage the browser history so back button goes to right location. • Back button in an app often implies a hierarchy, not simply going to the last screen you were on. • Do you rearchitect your site to create an app hierarchy?
95. Where does this button go? Does it do the same thing as the browser back button? Should there be an app back button?
97. .backButton { display: none; } @media (display-mode: standalone), (display-mode: fullscreen) { .backButton { display: block; } } Display mode media query
98. Not every customer or potential customer will add your Progressive Web App to their home screen …but every visitor will “install” your PWA!
99. Fast, Fluid Experience
100. Provide Immediate Feedback
101. Animate Transitions to Support Wayfinding
102. Smooth Pages — Avoid Jumps, Use Skeleton Pages
103. App Shell model of PWAs
104. Perceived performance matters most By Addy Osmani, http://bit.ly/2o0YBgu
105. WARNING: App Shell model often assumes you’re building a single page application
106. Get /category.html Send /category.html Page Browser Server Get /products.html Send /products.html Page Get /green-hoodie.html Send /green-hoodie.html Page Traditional Web Architecture
107. Get /category.html Send /category.html and JS app Page Browser Server Get products Send products API Server Get green hoodie Send green hoodie JS App Single Page Application (SPA)
108. PWA != SPA
109. Personality & Polish
110. Attention to detail and polish
111. Animate Transitions for Wayfinding and Polish https://css-tricks.com/native-like-animations-for-page-transitions-on-the-web/
112. Personality Amazing SVG Animation by Darin Senneff https://codepen.io/ dsenneff/full/ 2c3e5bc86b372d5424b00 edaf4990173/
113. Should feeling like an app be the goal? Should feeling like an app be your goal?
114. Feel Like an App Website with Performance Improvements Full screen, app shell with native design language Minimal-ui Standalone System Fonts Fullscreen Animation and Polish App Shell Native Design MORE COMPLEX LESS COMPLEX
115. 2. Installation and Discovery
116. Announcing Your PWA
117. {manifest}
118. { name: "Cloud Four", short_name: "Cloud Four", description: "We design and develop responsive websites and progressive web apps.", icons: [ { src: "/android-chrome-192x192.png", sizes: "192x192", type: "image/png" }, { src: "/android-chrome-512x512.png", sizes: "512x512", type: "image/png" } ], theme_color: "#456BD9", background_color: "#FFFFFF", display: "standalone", orientation: "natural", start_url: "/", gcm_sender_id: "482941778795" } Manifest files are simple JSON documents
119. Startup Screen with Background Color Chrome Opera Samsung
120. Theme Color Chrome Default Theme Color Chrome Custom Theme Color
122. Add to Home Screen Prompts
123. Add to Home Screen Badges Firefox Samsung Non PWA PWA
124. Add to Home Screen Badges Firefox Samsung Non PWA PWA
125. Add to Home Screen Badges
126. Add to Home Screen Banners Chrome Opera
127. Add to Home Screen Banner’s Engagement Heuristic
128. Pick the Optimal Time to Ask for Install Asking on order confirmation page resulted in 3x increase in conversion for Flipkart
129. Chrome Changing Add-to-Homescreen Behavior
130. App Stores
131. PWAs don’t no need an app store!
132. Progressive Web Apps in Microsoft Store Two ways to get into store: 1. Active submission 2. Passive ingestion Source:
 https://www.slideshare.net/AaronGustafson/progressive-web- apps-and-the-windows-ecosystem-build-2017
136. PhoneGap
137. Remember, your PWA is your website so all the normal web marketing applies.
138. Installation and Discovery No Add to Home Screen Native App Stores Manifest Spiders find PWA Manually submit PWA PhoneGap Trusted Web Activity MORE COMPLEX LESS COMPLEX
139. 3. Offline Mode
140. Cache for performance and offline fallback
141. Offline Fallback Pages Can Keep People Engaged • Trivago found that 67% of people continue to browse the site when they come back online. Source: http://bit.ly/2GoXjCi
142. Cache recently viewed content for offline use
143. Cache recently viewed content for offline use
144. Highlight Stale Information
145. Display the Information You Have
146. Let User’s Choose What They Want Offline
147. Pre-cache Content and Apps
148. Give People Control
149. Offline Interactivity — Background Sync https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/12/background-sync
150. Offline Interactivity — Or Disallow Editing
153. Offline Cache for Performance Only Offline Interactivity Offline Fallback Offline Indicator Cache Recently Viewed Pages Disable Interactivity Pre-cache Predetermined Pages Pre-cache Dynamic Items User Choose What to Cache MORE COMPLEX LESS COMPLEX
154. 4. Push Notifications
155. Notification JS is Relatively Easy
156. Many Hidden Challenges
157. 3x Higher Conversion for Personalized Notifications
158. Flowchart for how Slack decides whether to send a notification or not. https://twitter.com/codevisuals/status/ 838881724016787457
159. Push Notification Services Full disclosure: I was an early adviser for Urban Airship and own a small number of shares in the company.
161. Many people are annoyed by notifications http://info.localytics.com/blog/the-inside-view-how-consumers-really-feel-about-push-notifications
162. Don’t immediately ask for permission to send push notifications
164. Twitter Lite handles push notifications well Browser prompt Confirm and Customize Twitter prompt
165. Twitter Lite handles push notifications well Browser prompt Confirm and Customize Twitter prompt
167. 62 63 https://cloudfour.com/thinks/time-to-update-your-permissions-ux/
168. Push Notifications No Push Notifications Personalized and Integrated Notifications CMS Plugin Subscribe via Push Provider One-off Marketing Push Notifications Background Updates Notification Design Analytics and Segmentation Backend Integration MORE COMPLEX LESS COMPLEX
169. 5. Beyond PWAs
170. Auto-login with Credential Management API
171. Payment Request API
173. Beyond PWAs Basic PWA Multiple New APIs Autofill Support AMP to PWA Credential Management API Camera, other sensors Payment Request API AMP in PWA MORE COMPLEX LESS COMPLEX
174. How do we create a plan for this?
175. PWAs are progressive because… Progressive Roadmap {manifest} https Jul 13 Redesign launches Better security with HTTPS Faster site via HTTP/2 Better bookmarks via manifest Oct 3 Faster pages Offline fallback It’s a PWA! service worker Oct 18 Offline pages Offline indicator Improved font loading Nov 22 Push notifications HTTP/2 Link Preload Dec 7 Small tweaks PWA announced
176. Progressive Web App Blueprint Planning & Definition
177. Define Your Ideal Progressive Web App
178. Offline Interactivity Cache for Perf Only Offline Native App Stores Website with Perf Improvements Full Screen, App Shell New APIs No Add to Home Screen Basic PWA Feels Like An App Installation and Discovery No Push Notifications Personalized and Integrated Push Push Notifications Beyond PWAs
179. Benchmark & Plan to Measure
180. Progressive Web App Blueprint Planning & Definition Technical Debt (if Necessary) Gather team Brainstorm Ideal PWA Benchmarks and measurement plans Build roadmap
181. Assess Current Website
182. Is Your Website Reasonably Fast?
183. Is it Usable?
184. Progressive Web App Blueprint Planning & Definition Technical Debt (if Necessary) Baseline PWA Front-end Additions Larger Initiatives Gather team Brainstorm Ideal PWA Benchmarks and measurement plans Build roadmap Assess current website Fix performance issues Fix usability issues Manifest HTTPS Service worker for performance Offline Fallback Cache recently viewed pages Precache popular or important pages Add third-party push notification service CMS plugin for push notifications Payment Request API Credentials Management API Integrate notifications with backend systems Background sync Move to app shell
185. Baseline PWA Front-end Additions Larger Initiatives Progressive Web App Blueprint Planning & Definition Technical Debt (if Necessary) Gather team Brainstorm Ideal PWA Benchmarks and measurement plans Build roadmap Assess current website Fix performance issues Fix usability issues Manifest HTTPS Service worker for performance Offline Fallback Cache recently viewed pages Precache popular or important pages Add third-party push notification service CMS plugin for push notifications Payment Request API Credentials Management API Integrate notifications with backend systems Background sync Move to app shell
186. Every step on the path to a PWA makes sense on its own.
188. Coming in November! Follow @abookapart, @grigs or sign up for the A Book Apart newsletter to receive updates. https://abookapart.com/ No 28 PROGRESSIVE WEB APPS Jason Grigsby
189. Thank You!
190. Thank You! White Blank Notebook by Tirachard Kumtanom Woman Executive Holding Tablet by Pixabay Schedule Planning by Startup Stock Photos Hackers by Christopher Dombres NSA by by Mario Antonio Pena Zapatería Map Location Symbol by Tumisa Smartphone on Bridge by Jeremy Levin Hype by Kerry J Instagram App on iPhone by Pixabay Man in Fuzzy Hat by Gratisography Southbank - Samsung Galaxy S8 (1) by TaylorHerring Now THIS is comfort! by Garry Wilmore Trojan Horse by Hsing Wei Cold Snow Man Person Asphalt Blur Car City by Pixabay Woman Listening to Music by bruce mars Woman and Dog by Tookapic Focus by Mark Hunter Person Holding Silver iPhone by rawpixel.com MacBook Air Beside Painting by rawpixel.com Android Phone by freestocks.org Smart Watch by Oliur Rahman Apple Office Internet iPad by Pixabay Woman Jumping by Quang Anh Ha Nguyen SEM by Pixabay Legs on Chair by kaboompics.com In Hiding by Taylor McBride Medusa Kill Switch by Scott Hart White Auto Gauge by Mikes Photos Blue and Silver Stethoscope by Pixabay Tortoise by Frans Van Heerden iPhone Photo on Railroad Tracks by Kaique Rocha database by ✦ Shmidt Sergey ✦ from the Noun Project Cloud by Blackwoodmedia.com.au from the Noun Project Responsive Design by Delwar Hossain from the Noun Project cogs by Gregor Cresnar from the Noun Project Special thanks to these fabulous people who graciously shared their work under Creative Commons.