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Aerodynamics of Antarctic Architecture

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Aerodynamics of Antarctic Architecture

Jeroen VAN BEECK, Dean of the Faculty Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics Department, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics

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May 26, 2026

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  1. 1 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 1

    Aerodynamics of Antarctic Architecture 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium The Andromeda Earth Observatory: A Research Platform for the 22nd Century 23, 24 April 2026, Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce - Kirchberg, Luxembourg Jeroen van Beeck, Dean of faculty of fluid dynamics
  2. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics 1956 Theodore von Karman

    founded Training Center in Experimental Aerodynamics experiment in international education for citizens of NATO countries Belgian Aerodynamics Laboratory (1922) VON KARMAN INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS - MISSION Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium – Strengthen research links at international level – Advance Science & Peace – 1963 – Renamed VON KARMAN INSTITUTE – 2010 – Registered as Higher Educational Institution with Erasmus Charter
  3. 3 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Ø

    Students from funding countries can participate without fee and with fellowship to • VKI research master programme • VKI short training programme • VKI PhD Programme, in collaboration with universities Ø Welcoming new countries in VKI funding scheme Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal France Romania Turkey United States 16 NATO COUNTRIES SUPPORT VKI EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
  4. 4 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 VKI

    in numbers 2000+ 22 48 § 48 facilities 3 world unique Mach 30 10000 K § 22 nations melting pot for research & education § alumni network for international development 200 staff members § 300 students & visiting scientists ~300
  5. 5 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 VKI

    Research Activities AERONAUTICS & AEROSPACE Icing wind tunnel -50 oC -> Plasmatron +10000 oC TURBOMACHINERY & PROPULSION shape optimization with CFD, AI & experiments ENVIRONMENTAL & APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS wind engineering, sensors, drones, industrial safety
  6. 6 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 screens

    to prevent sand dunes on desert railway infrastructure 𝑄! 𝑄" ℎ 𝑉𝑠
  7. 7 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Aerodynamic

    screen design [Patent Politecnico di Torino, Raffaele et al., JWEIA 214 2021 104653] Maintenance frequency ~ Qo / Cs Vp Incoming snow Qo Captured sand volume Vp efficiency Cs
  8. 8 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 aerodynamic

    structures: wind follows building shape No snow on PEA but risk for high wind forces on building and people + snow on garage Snow accumulation protects garage during winter storms
  9. 9 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Snow-

    are sandstorms are aerodynamically similar King Philippe of Belgium in aeronautical test section propellers diffuser motor contraction Environmental test section 250 km/hr
  10. 10 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Snow

    accumulation drove concept phase PEA • Cover model by 2mm layer of sand, • Increase each minute wind tunnel reference velocity with 0.5 m/s, • Compare pictures to building-free test. Reference Anemometer Camera START TEST END TEST
  11. 13 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Snow

    Dune Formation PEA – concept phase • Wind speed-up -> snow erosion • Wind deceleration -> snow deposition Building aligned with wind Building not aligned with wind
  12. 14 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 BLUE

    = Snow Deposition RED = Snow Erosion PEA BUILDING INTEGRATION IN ENVIRONMENT Rising building decreases snow deposition Shifting building backwards increases snow deposition Reducing clearance increases snow deposition
  13. 15 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Wind

    loading by CFD-aided design IPF Snow test in wind tunnel
  14. 16 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 “Wing

    tip vortices” drive snow accumulation Final shape PEA station
  15. 17 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Aerodynamics

    is more important if building is not on pillars wind aligned with long building axis ! Location of solar panels and wind turbines ? snow falls of cliff ?
  16. 18 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Precision

    forecasting of extreme weather events Towards a more efficient exploitation of on-shore & urban wind energy resources The offshore wind beneath the wings of young researchers, turning the blades of the Belgian offshore wind sector Realistic CFD wind load computations for offshore wind turbines Optimized prediction & decision support for rain erosion & lightning-driven degradation of blades Wind-wave misalignment effect on offshore wind energy harvesting
  17. 19 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Weather-related

    wind turbine damage gear box failure Blade tip struck by lightning Rain-Eroded blade Critical questions: • when to stop the turbines to extend their lifetime ? • how much energy will be harvested next week ?
  18. 20 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 surface

    winds are abnormal due to thermal effects Wind Veer wind direction change with height Low-Level Jets wind speed changes with height anemometer mast FINO1 West-hinder VKI LIDAR
  19. 21 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 WIND

    ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS WRF wind field around wind farms Validation by Sentinel-1 satellite image VKI WIND TEAM 25 researchers and students • Open-source code Weather Research & Forecasting used by 100000+ researchers • WRF can zoom on any place on a planet and tuned by local LIDARS ERA-5 ECMWF Precision weather forecasting
  20. 22 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 WRF

    weather forecast is only precise if nudged by local LIDAR data WEST HINDER PLATFORM ZX 300M LiDAR VKI LIDAR LIDAR
  21. 23 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Improving

    wind energy prediction using LIDARS With LIDARS No LIDARS Reference
  22. 24 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 VKI-WRF

    – 16.2.2024 - PEA - Wind Speed 10 m above ground 120 km 100 m above ground 120 km
  23. 25 2026 Antarctic Futures Symposium, Luxembourg, 23-24 April 2026 Conclusions

    Aerodynamic building on pillars: • No snow accumulation on building Buildings without pillars • Aerodynamic integration in environment Wind and solar energy are new oil : also on Antarctica…. Ø weather forecasting is new gold