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Osaka University EE ES Talk series Part 3 of 3 ...

Osaka University EE ES Talk series Part 3 of 3 17-JUL-2018

A part of Electrical Engineering Lecture Series 2018 at School of Engineering Science, Osaka University / 大阪大学基礎工学部電気工学特別講義2018 3/3

Kenji Rikitake

July 17, 2018
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  1. Kenji Rikitake 17-JUL-2018 School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka,

    Osaka, Japan @jj1bdx Copyright ©2018 Kenji Rikitake. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 2
  2. Reporting —Keyword at the end of the talk —URL for

    submitting the report at the end of the talk Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 4
  3. Web services are clusters of computers and networks Thousands or

    millions of servers connected together A physical server is separated into multiple virtual machines Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 10
  4. An example of cloud computing: Internet of Things (IoT) and

    telemetering Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 12
  5. Telemetering —Mostly unidirectional (not really the true and genuine internet)

    —Sensors/devices gathering data through internet and feed them to the servers in the cloud computing platforms —The servers compute —Extremely centralized Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 14
  6. Centralized social behavior accerelated by cloud computing —Sharing everything -

    no privacy —Panopticon 1 style of governance, filtering, censorship, or autocracy —Complete externalization of resources, leading to no personal control 1 n. a circular prison with cells arranged around a central well, from which prisoners could at all times be observed. (New Oxford American Dictionary, Apple macOS 10.13.6) Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 16
  7. INGSOC: the slogans 2 —War is peace —Freedom is slavery

    —Ignorance is strength —Independent thinking = thoughtcrime NOTE: this is a fiction! 2 George Orwell, "Nineteen Eighty-Four", 1949. Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 19
  8. Why cloud computing has become so dystopian? -- because we

    have sold freedom for convenience —Ubiquitous/global accessibility —Concentrated data for easy analysis —Easy control of the information flow —No extra cost for sharing —No need to think about where the information locates Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 20
  9. The inconvenient truth of centralized systems: what if the core/cloud

    fails? Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 21
  10. Inconvenience of centralized systems —Ubiquity or no accessibility —When the

    core fails, no alternative —When the core loses data, no backup —The system performance is restricted by the capability of the core —Endpoint systems will lost all capabilities Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 22
  11. Centralized systems are not sustainable —...then how cloud computing systems

    manages the sustainability? Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 23
  12. Partition/fault tolerance: distributed systems should not stop working even if

    netsplit occurs Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 29
  13. Real-world challenges —Natural disasters —Device failures —Human operation errors —Political

    impediments —Social resentments Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 30
  14. Handling failures —Redundancy: keeping backup units ready —Fault tolerance: keeping

    systems running even the components fail —Resilience by failing fast: early detection of failures and invocation of the recovery procedu res Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 31
  15. Why fault tolerance? —Hard disk MTBF ~= 1 million hours

    —1000 hard disks running 24 hours x 365 days = 8.76 million hours —If you're running a system with 1000 hard disks, 9 out of 1000 will fail in a year —Recovery of a disk content takes often a day; you can't stop a system for a day, can you? Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 32
  16. Requirement to keep the systems fault tolerant —Redundancy: two or

    more resources for each unit of processing —Supervising the failure of the units by an independent supervisor —Rollback capability: undo the incomplete operations and retry Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 33
  17. Consistency issues of distributed systems —Locking/synchronization: waiting all data to

    be ready to compute or proceed to next step —Choosing the right data: which data is correct? —Supervision: fault detection and restarting Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 34
  18. Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computing3 (1/2) —The network is reliable

    —Latency is zero —Bandwidth is infinite —The network is secure 3 https://blog.fogcreek.com/eight-fallacies-of-distributed-computing-tech-talk/ Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 37
  19. Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computing (2/2) —Topology doesn't change —There

    is one administrator —Transport cost is zero —The network is homogeneous Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 38
  20. Summary: centralized computing is fragile; distributed computing is fault tolerant

    but hard Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 39
  21. When I chose my career and professionality? —Age 9: computers

    and English —Age 10 ham radio and electronics —Age 14: writing commercial software —Age 23: finally decided to make my living on my computer software professionality, with my English proficiency Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 44
  22. If I were at age 22, what I would do

    after getting a Bachelor's degree? —Get out of Japan ASAP —Explore the computer skills —Do something unpopular Go abroad Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 45
  23. What are the most important things to pursue engineering/scientist career?

    —Physical strength —Mental strength —Curiosity Curiosity matters Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 46
  24. Photo credits —All photos are modified and edited by Kenji

    Rikitake —Photos are from Unsplash.com unless otherwise noted —Title: NASA —Modern Computing is Cloud Computing: Rayi Christian Wicaksono —Cloud Computing: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_applications_SVG.svg, licensed under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication —Intertwined network of computers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:Cloud_Computing.jpg, licensed under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication —Web services are clusters of computers: Kenji Rikitake, at Kyoto University ACCMS, April 2017 —Presidio Modelo Prison: By Friman [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons —Panopticon: Jeremy Bentham, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons —Contrasted Residences for The Poor: By Augustus Pugin [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons —Networks: Irina Blok —Networks Split: Pietro De Grandi —Netsplit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Netsplit_split.svg, in public domain Kenji Rikitake / oueees 201806 part 3 17-JUL-2018 47