Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques

Jonathan Klein
August 17, 2013
Technology
3
1.2k

Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques

This is a talk I gave at Northeast PHP 2013 in Boston, MA.

Links: jkle.in/nephp

Jonathan Klein

August 17, 2013
Tweet

More Decks by Jonathan Klein

See All by Jonathan Klein
Cognitive Biases in Engineering Organizations - Craft Conf
jklein
15
390
Demystifying SPDY and HTTP/2
jklein
1
620
Demystifying SPDY and HTTP/2
jklein
2
1.1k
Cognitive Biases in Engineering Organizations
jklein
4
1.9k
Composer: From Beginner to Expert
jklein
1
930
Upgrading the Web: Boston Web Performance Meetup
jklein
1
290
Upgrading the Web: Driving Support For New Standards
jklein
1
780
Northeastern Lunch and Learn
jklein
0
230
Profiling PHP With XHProf
jklein
1
1k

Other Decks in Technology

See All in Technology
システムとの会話から生まれる先手のDevOps
kakehashi
PRO
0
280
Porting PicoRuby to Another Microcontroller: ESP32
yuuu
4
410
Goの組織でバックエンドTypeScriptを採用してどうだったか / How was adopting backend TypeScript in a Golang company
kaminashi
6
5.9k
Dynamic Reteaming And Self Organization
miholovesq
3
510
より良い開発者体験を実現するために～開発初心者が感じた生成AIの可能性～
masakiokuda
0
200
4/17/25 - CIJUG - Java Meets AI: Build LLM-Powered Apps with LangChain4j (part 2)
edeandrea
PRO
0
110
Making a MIDI controller device with PicoRuby/R2P2 (RubyKaigi 2025 LT)
risgk
1
140
LiteXとオレオレCPUで作る自作SoC奮闘記
msyksphinz
0
650
彩の国で始めよう。おっさんエンジニアから共有したい、当たり前のことを当たり前にする技術
otsuki
0
150
生成AIによるCloud Native基盤構築の可能性と実践的ガードレールの敷設について
nwiizo
7
860
PagerDuty×ポストモーテムで築く障害対応文化/Building a culture of incident response with PagerDuty and postmortems
aeonpeople
1
180
[2025年4月版] Databricks Academy ラボ環境 利用開始手順 / Databricks Academy Labs Onboarding
databricksjapan
0
140

Featured

See All Featured
Cheating the UX When There Is Nothing More to Optimize - PixelPioneers
stephaniewalter
280
13k
Facilitating Awesome Meetings
lara
54
6.3k
Building a Scalable Design System with Sketch
lauravandoore
462
33k
The Straight Up "How To Draw Better" Workshop
denniskardys
232
140k
The Myth of the Modular Monolith - Day 2 Keynote - Rails World 2024
eileencodes
23
2.6k
Learning to Love Humans: Emotional Interface Design
aarron
273
40k
Distributed Sagas: A Protocol for Coordinating Microservices
caitiem20
331
21k
Large-scale JavaScript Application Architecture
addyosmani
512
110k
BBQ
matthewcrist
88
9.6k
Music & Morning Musume
bryan
47
6.5k
Templates, Plugins, & Blocks: Oh My! Creating the theme that thinks of everything
marktimemedia
30
2.3k
Easily Structure & Communicate Ideas using Wireframe
afnizarnur
194
16k

Transcript

  1. Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan

    Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

  2. Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan

    Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

  3. Scaling PHP to 60 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan

    Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

  4. Who Am I? Tuesday, September 24, 13

  5. Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  6. Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston

    Web Perf Meetup Organizer Tuesday, September 24, 13

  7. Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston

    Web Perf Meetup Organizer • Previously at Wayfair Tuesday, September 24, 13

  8. Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston

    Web Perf Meetup Organizer • Previously at Wayfair • Led team that converted to PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

  9. Slides, Links: jkle.in/nephp Tuesday, September 24, 13

  10. codeascraft.com Tuesday, September 24, 13

  11. Some Etsy Stats Tuesday, September 24, 13

  12. Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  13. Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost

    $1B in sales last year Tuesday, September 24, 13

  14. Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost

    $1B in sales last year • Over 1M lines of PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

  15. Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost

    $1B in sales last year • Over 1M lines of PHP • 60M+ unique visitors/month Tuesday, September 24, 13

  16. 2012 Traffic Tuesday, September 24, 13

  17. August 2012 Traffic Tuesday, September 24, 13

  18. August 2012 Traffic 50% Higher Tuesday, September 24, 13

  19. Holidays: ~90M Uniques Tuesday, September 24, 13

  20. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  21. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  22. A few others... Tuesday, September 24, 13

  23. A few others... • Search (Solr) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  24. A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  25. A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman • Redis

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  26. A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman • Redis

    • Postgres (legacy) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  27. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  28. Hardware (Supermicro) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  29. Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs Tuesday, September 24,

    13

  30. Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs 24GB of RAM

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  31. Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs 24GB of RAM

    160GB SSD Tuesday, September 24, 13

  32. Apache Tuesday, September 24, 13

  33. Apache • Apache 2.2 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  34. Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM Tuesday, September 24,

    13

  35. Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM • mod_php5 Tuesday,

    September 24, 13

  36. Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM • mod_php5 StartServers

    30 MinSpareServers 30 MaxSpareServers 60 ServerLimit 60 MaxClients 60 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  37. PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

  38. PHP • PHP 5.4 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  39. PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment)

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  40. PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment)

    • memory_limit: 128M Tuesday, September 24, 13

  41. PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment)

    • memory_limit: 128M • max_execution_time: 30 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  42. Optimizing PHP http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  43. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  44. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an

    Opcode Cache http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  45. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an

    Opcode Cache • xhprof http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  46. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an

    Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  47. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an

    Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite • Find hotspots http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  48. Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an

    Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite • Find hotspots • Upgrade it http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

  49. Static Arrays Tuesday, September 24, 13

  50. Translations class language_de { static $translations = array( "<hash>" =>

    array("content" => 'Accessoires', "file" => "TAXONOMY"), "<hash>" => array("content" => 'Keramik', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "<hash>" => array("content" => 'Dekorieren', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "<hash>" => array("content" => 'Getaggt %s', "file" => "Foo.php"), "<hash>" => array("content" => 'Badezusatz', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "<hash>" => array("content" => 'Datum:{% $date %}', "file" => "bar.tpl") ... snip ... ); } Tuesday, September 24, 13

  51. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  52. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  53. Atomic Deploys Tuesday, September 24, 13

  54. Deploying PHP http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

  55. Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  56. Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath -

    PHP Extension http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

  57. Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath -

    PHP Extension • A/B symlink swap http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

  58. Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath -

    PHP Extension • A/B symlink swap • Avoid recompilation to opcodes http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

  59. Upgrading PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

  60. PHP 5.4 vs. 5.3 - CPU PHP 5.3 PHP 5.4

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  61. PHP 5.4 vs. 5.3 - Memory PHP 5.3 PHP 5.4

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  62. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  63. Understand Framework Overhead Tuesday, September 24, 13

  64. http://systemsarchitect.net/performance-benchmark-of-popular-php-frameworks/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

  65. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  66. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  67. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  68. Frameworks are Harder to Scale Tuesday, September 24, 13

  69. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  70. Memcached Tuesday, September 24, 13

  71. Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs Tuesday, September 24,

    13

  72. Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory

    (48GB) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  73. Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory

    (48GB) • Shard keys across servers Tuesday, September 24, 13

  74. Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory

    (48GB) • Shard keys across servers • mctop - https://github.com/etsy/mctop Tuesday, September 24, 13

  75. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  76. MySQL Tuesday, September 24, 13

  77. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  78. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs Tuesday,

    September 24, 13

  79. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs •

    innodb Tuesday, September 24, 13

  80. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs •

    innodb • thread_cache=800 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  81. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs •

    innodb • thread_cache=800 • max_connections=2500 Tuesday, September 24, 13

  82. MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs •

    innodb • thread_cache=800 • max_connections=2500 • [Almost] no joins Tuesday, September 24, 13

  83. Theoretically we can serve ~9000 req/sec Tuesday, September 24, 13

  84. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  85. Static Content Tuesday, September 24, 13

  86. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  87. ~500 Million Images Tuesday, September 24, 13

  88. Offloading Requests Tuesday, September 24, 13

  89. Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs Tuesday, September 24, 13

  90. Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate >

    90% Tuesday, September 24, 13

  91. Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate >

    90% • CSS/JS hit rate ~100% Tuesday, September 24, 13

  92. Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate >

    90% • CSS/JS hit rate ~100% • Edge serves ~7000 reqs/sec Tuesday, September 24, 13

  93. What about misses? Tuesday, September 24, 13

  94. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  95. Change Management Tuesday, September 24, 13

  96. Feature Flags Tuesday, September 24, 13

  97. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  98. // Owner: Username $server_config['foo']['bar'] = array( 'users' => array('jsmith', 'jdoe'),

    ); // Owner: Username $server_config['baz'] = [ 'enabled' => [ 'variant1' => 0, 'variant2' => 0, 'variant3' => 50 ], ]; // Owner: Username $server_config['qux'] = array( 'enabled' => 100, 'data' => array( 'somedata' ) ); Tuesday, September 24, 13

  99. if (Feature::isEnabled('foo.bar')) { // Code } Tuesday, September 24, 13

  100. Ramp-up: 1%, 5%, 25%, 100% Tuesday, September 24, 13

  101. Deployinator Tuesday, September 24, 13

  102. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  103. Schemanator Tuesday, September 24, 13

  104. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  105. Recent Improvements Tuesday, September 24, 13

  106. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  107. Sandy Bridge Tuesday, September 24, 13

  108. Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  109. Small code change Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  110. Small code change PHP 5.4 Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September

    24, 13

  111. Small code change PHP 5.4 Disabled Hyperthreading Baseline Performance (median)

    Tuesday, September 24, 13

  112. Challenges Tuesday, September 24, 13

  113. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  114. Options Tuesday, September 24, 13

  115. Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  116. Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) • Scale Vertically (SSD,

    bigger drives) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  117. Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) • Scale Vertically (SSD,

    bigger drives) • Change architecture Tuesday, September 24, 13

  118. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  119. Architecture Changes Tuesday, September 24, 13

  120. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation Tuesday, September 24, 13

  121. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards Tuesday,

    September 24, 13

  122. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards •

    Complex Tuesday, September 24, 13

  123. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards •

    Complex • Server failure Tuesday, September 24, 13

  124. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards •

    Complex • Server failure • Migrating data Tuesday, September 24, 13

  125. Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards •

    Complex • Server failure • Migrating data • Consistency Tuesday, September 24, 13

  126. Monitoring Tuesday, September 24, 13

  127. Graphite Tuesday, September 24, 13

  128. Stacked Search Timers Tuesday, September 24, 13

  129. Ganglia Tuesday, September 24, 13

  130. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  131. Nagios Tuesday, September 24, 13

  132. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  133. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  134. Takeaways Tuesday, September 24, 13

  135. K.I.S.S. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  136. Use Proven Technologies Tuesday, September 24, 13

  137. Tuesday, September 24, 13

  138. Understand Your Stack Tuesday, September 24, 13

  139. Measure Everything Tuesday, September 24, 13

  140. Work at Etsy ;-) Tuesday, September 24, 13

  141. Connect http://www.meetup.com/Web-Performance-Boston/ www.etsy.com/careers [email protected] @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13