Swift Concurrency時代のiOSアプリの作り方

Swi$ Concurrency ࣌୅ͷ iOS ΞϓϦͷ࡞Γํ Yuta Koshizawa @koher

͜ͷ਺೥ͷ iOS ΞϓϦ։ൃͷมԽ • Swi%UI (2019) • Combine (2019) •
Swi$ Concurrency (2021)

Swi$ Concurrency ࣌୅ͷ iOS ΞϓϦ։ൃͷ ϕʔεϥΠϯΛߟ͑Δࢀߟʹ

ViewController ʹϕλॻ͖ ↓ ViewModel Λಋೖ ↓ DI ͱςετ

ViewController ʹϕλॻ͖

LoginViewController final class LoginViewController: UIViewController { @IBOutlet private var idField:
UITextField! @IBOutlet private var passwordField: UITextField! @IBOutlet private var loginButton: UIButton! ...

LoginViewController final class LoginViewController: UIViewController { @IBOutlet private var idField:
UITextField! @IBOutlet private var passwordField: UITextField! @IBOutlet private var loginButton: UIButton! @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { ... } ...

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { // ͜͜ͰϩάΠϯͷ
API Λୟ͘ }

AuthAPI.logIn enum AuthAPI { static func logIn( id: String, password:
String ) async throws -> String { // ID token ... } }

AuthAPI.logIn enum AuthAPI { static func logIn( for id: String,
with password: String ) async throws -> String { // ID token ... } }

AuthAPI.logIn enum AuthAPI { static func logIn( for id: User.ID,
with password: String ) async throws -> IDToken { ... } }

User.ID struct User: Identifiable { let id: String var nickname:
String var birthday: Date }

User.ID struct User: Identifiable { let id: ID var nickname:
String var birthday: Date }

User.ID struct User: Identifiable { let id: ID var nickname:
String var birthday: Date struct ID: Hashable { let rawValue: String init(rawValue: String) { self.rawValue = rawValue } } }

User.ID struct User: Identifiable, Sendable { let id: ID var
nickname: String var birthday: Date struct ID: Hashable { let rawValue: String init(rawValue: String) { self.rawValue = rawValue } } }

Sendable ฒߦʹѻͬͯ΋҆શͳܕͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͢ • actor ڥքΛ௒͑Δͷʹඞཁ • Task.init ͳͲ @Sendable ΫϩʔδϟʹΩϟϓνϟ͢Δͷ
ʹඞཁ

nickname: String var birthday: Date struct ID: Hashable { let rawValue: String init(rawValue: String) { self.rawValue = rawValue } } }

nickname: String var birthday: Date struct ID: Hashable, Sendable { let rawValue: String init(rawValue: String) { self.rawValue = rawValue } } }

! ฒߦʹѻ͏ܕ͸ Sendable ʹ४ڌͤ͞Δ

nickname: String var birthday: Date struct ID: Hashable, Sendable { let rawValue: String init(rawValue: String) { self.rawValue = rawValue } } }

@unchecked Sendable // Xcode 13 ·Ͱͷ৔߹ extension Date: @unchecked Sendable
{}

! Sendable ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ܕ͸ @unchecked Sendable Ͱ ແཧ΍Γ४ڌͤ͞ΒΕΔ ※ Sendable ʹͯ͠΋҆શͳ৔߹͚ͩ

Sendable ʹͯ͠΋҆શͳܕͷྫ • ७ਮͳ struct • ΠϛϡʔλϒϧΫϥε • ϛϡʔλϒϧ͚ͩͲϩοΫ౳Ͱอޢ͞ΕͨΫϥε •
actor • ɾɾɾ

AuthAPI.logIn enum AuthAPI { static func logIn( for id: User.ID,
with password: String ) async throws -> IDToken { ... } }

AuthAPI.logIn static func logIn(...) async throws -> IDToken { let
url: URL = ... let request: URLRequest = ... // Concurrency Ҏલ let dataTask = URLSession.shared .dataTask(with: request) { // ίʔϧόοΫͰ݁ՌΛड͚औΔ } ... }

url: URL = ... let request: URLRequest = ... // Concurrency Ҏ߱ let (data, response) = try await URLSession.shared .data(for: request) // ໭Γ஋Ͱ݁ՌΛड͚औΔ ... }

(data, response) = ... let idToken: IDToken = ... return idToken }

͢ͰʹίʔϧόοΫ൛͕͋Δ৔߹ enum AuthAPI { static func logIn( for id: User.ID,
with password: String, completion: @escaping (Result<IDToken, Error>) -> Void ) { ... } }

͢ͰʹίʔϧόοΫ൛͕͋Δ৔߹ extension AuthAPI { static func logIn( for id: User.ID,
with password: String ) async throws -> IDToken { try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in logIn(for: id, with: password) { result in continuation.resume(with: result) } } }

! Con%nua%on Λ࢖͑͹ίʔϧόοΫΛ async ʹม׵Ͱ͖Δ

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { // ͜͜ͰϩάΠϯͷ
API Λୟ͘ }

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { let idToken
= try await AuthAPI.logIn( // for: .init(rawValue: idField.text ?? ""), with: passwordField.text ?? "" ) ... }

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { Task {
// async throws let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn( // for: .init(rawValue: idField.text ?? ""), with: passwordField.text ?? "" ) ... } }

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { Task.init {

! ಉظϝιου͔ΒඇಉظॲཧΛ ࢝ΊΔʹ͸ Task.init Λ࢖͏

// async throws do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) ... } catch { // ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά } } }

! Task.init ʹ౉͢ΫϩʔδϟͰ͸ do/catch Λ๨Εͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ

loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } ... } }

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed( sender: UIButton) { // main
εϨου Task { // ??? loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } ... } }

εϨου Task { // main εϨου loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } ... } }

UIViewController ͱ @MainActor @MainActor class UIViewController : UIResponder

loginButtonPressed @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed(...) { // main εϨου Task
{ // main εϨου loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) // main εϨου

! Task.init ͸ actor context ΛҾ͖ܧ͙

! UIViewController ͸ MainActor Ͱ อޢ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

Swi$ ͷόά @MainActor ͳϝιουͰɺ Task.init ʹ౉͢Ϋϩʔδϟͷத Ͱ defer ͢Δͱɺ MainActor
Ͱอޢ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͱ൑அ͞Εͯ ͠·͏ɻ 2021/08/01 ʹϑΥʔϥϜͰใࠂ Swi* Forums #50796 ͞Ε௕Β͘ղܾ͞ Ε͍ͯͳ͔͕ͬͨɺ 2022/08/22 ʹ PR apple/swi* #60688 ͕࡞ΒΕɺ 8/31 ʹϚʔδɻ apple/swi) #60688 h0ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi)/pull/60688 Swi$ Forums #50796 h3ps:/ /forums.swi$.org/t/a-bug-cant-defer-actor-isolated-variable-access/50796

MainActor Ͱ࣮ߦ͢Δํ๏ • await MainActor.run { } • Task {
@MainActor in ... }

εϨου Task { // main εϨου loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { Task { await MainActor.run { loginButton.isEnabled = true } }

εϨου Task { // main εϨου loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { Task { @MainActor in loginButton.isEnabled = true } }

MainActor.run ͱ Task { @MainActor in } func foo() async
{ await MainActor.run { // ϝΠϯεϨουͰ࣮ߦ͍ͨ͠ॲཧ } } func bar() { Task { @MainActor in // ϝΠϯεϨουͰ࣮ߦ͍ͨ͠ॲཧ } }

! async ϝιου͔ΒҰ෦ͷॲཧΛ ϝΠϯεϨουͰ࣮ߦ͍ͨ͠৔߹͸ await MainActor.run { }

! ಉظϝιου͔ΒϝΠϯεϨουʹ ॲཧ౤͍͛ͨ৔߹ʹ͸ Task { @MainActor in }

DispatchQueue.main.async ͸ʁ @Sendable ͕෇͍͍ͯͳ͍ͷͰආ͚ͨํ͕ྑ͍ɻ func async( group: DispatchGroup? = nil,
qos: DispatchQoS = .unspecified, flags: DispatchWorkItemFlags = [], execute work: @escaping () -> Void )

loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { Task { @MainActor in loginButton.isEnabled = true } } ... }

loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } ... } }

loginButton.isEnabled = false ... loginButton.isEnabled = true }

... do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) ... } catch { // ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά } } }

... do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) let data: Data = idToken.rawValue .data(using: .utf8)! let url: URL = .libraryDirectory .appendingPathComponent("IDToken") try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) ...

Task.detached Task.detached { let data: Data = idToken.rawValue .data(using: .utf8)!
let url: URL = .libraryDirectory .appendingPathComponent("IDToken") try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) }

! ॏΊͷॲཧ͸ Task.detached Ͱ ผεϨουʹಀ͢

... do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) Task.detached { ... try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) } ...

... do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) _ = try await Task.detached { ... try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) }.value ...

! ޙଓॲཧ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ Task.detached ͔Β value Λऔಘͯ͠ ॲཧ͕ऴΘΔͷΛ଴ͭ

Task.detached ΑΓ ΋ͬͱྑ͍ํ๏͕͋Δ

actor actor IDTokenStore { func update(_ value: IDToken) throws {
let data: Data = value.rawValue .data(using: .utf8)! let url: URL = .libraryDirectory .appendingPathComponent("IDToken") try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) } }

actor actor IDTokenStore { var value: IDToken { get throws
{ let url: URL = .libraryDirectory .appendingPathComponent("IDToken") let data: Data = try .init(contentsOf: url) let rawValue: String = .init(data: data, encoding: .utf8)! return IDToken(rawValue: rawValue) } } ...

! ഉଞతʹ࣮ߦ͍ͨ͠ॲཧ͸ actor Ͱอޢ

actor actor IDTokenStore { static let shared: IDTokenStore = .init()
private init() {} ... }

! actor ͸Πϯελϯε͝ͱʹ Serial Executor Λ࣋ͪอޢ͞ΕΔ ※ άϩʔόϧʹอޢ͍ͨ͠ͳΒγϯάϧτϯʹ͢Δ

... do { let idToken = try await AuthAPI.logIn(...) try await IDTokenStore.shared .update(idToken) ...

actor ͷϝιου͸֎͔ΒݟΔͱ async ʹͳΔ actor IDTokenStore { func update(_ value:
IDToken) throws { let data: Data = value.rawValue .data(using: .utf8)! let url: URL = .libraryDirectory .appendingPathComponent("IDToken") try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic) } }

AuthService actor AuthService { func logIn( for id: User.ID, with
password: String ) async throws { ... } }

password: String ) async throws { let idToken = try await AuthAPI .logIn(for: id, with: password) try await IDTokenStore.shared .update(idToken) } }

A B AuthAPI.login (1) (2) IDTokenStore.sh ared.update (4) (3)

password: String ) async throws { let idToken = try await AuthAPI .logIn(for: id, with: password) try await IDTokenStore.shared .update(idToken) } }

AuthService actor AuthService { private var isLoggingIn: Bool = false
func logIn( for id: User.ID, with password: String ) async throws { let idToken = try await AuthAPI .logIn(for: id, with: password) try await IDTokenStore.shared .update(idToken) }

AuthService actor AuthService { private var isLoggingIn: Bool = false
func logIn( for id: User.ID, with password: String ) async throws { if isLoggingIn { ... } isLoggingIn = true defer { isLoggingIn = false} ... }

... do { try await AuthService.shared.logIn(...) ...

... do { try await AuthService.shared.logIn(...) parent?.dismiss(animated: true) } catch { ...

... do { ... } catch { logger.warning("\(error)") ...

... do { ... } catch { ... let title: String let message: String if error is LoginError { title = "ϩάΠϯΤϥʔ" message = "ID·ͨ͸ύεϫʔυ͕ਖ਼͋͘͠Γ·ͤΜɻ" } else ...

... do { ... } catch { ... let alertController: UIAlertController = .init(title: title, message: message, preferredStyle: .alert) alertController .addAction(.init(title: "ด͡Δ", style: .default, handler: nil)) present(alertController, animated: true) }

ViewModel Λಋೖ

UIKit Λར༻͢ΔίʔυͱͦΕҎ֎Λ෼཭

LoginViewModel import Combine final class LoginViewModel { @Published var id:
String = "" @Published var password: String = "" @Published private(set) var isLoginButtonEnabled: Bool = true }

LoginViewModel import Combine final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { @Published var
id: String = "" @Published var password: String = "" @Published private(set) var isLoginButtonEnabled: Bool = true }

LoginViewModel import Combine @MainActor final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { @Published
var id: String = "" @Published var password: String = "" @Published private(set) var isLoginButtonEnabled: Bool = true }

! ViewModel Λ MainActor Ͱอޢ͢Δ

LoginViewModel import Combine @MainActor final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { ...
func loginButtonPressed() async { ... } }

LoginViewController.loginButtonPressed // LoginViewController @IBAction private func loginButtonPressed(...) { Task {
loginButton.isEnabled = false defer { loginButton.isEnabled = true } do { ... } catch { ... } } }

} }

await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() } }

LoginViewModel.loginButtonPressed // LoginViewModel func loginButtonPressed() async { }

LoginViewModel.loginButtonPressed // LoginViewModel func loginButtonPressed() async { isLoginButtonEnabled = false
defer { isLoginButtonEnabled = true } do { ... } catch { ... } }

! Task.init Λ ViewModel Ͱ͸ͳ͘ View ଆʹॻ͘ ※ ViewModel ͷςετ͕ॻ͖΍͘͢ͳΔ
※ ͨͩ͠ɺ ViewModel ͰΩϟϯηϧΛѻ͍ͮΒ͘ͳΔ

WWDC2021 10019 h*ps:/ /developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10019/

defer { isLoginButtonEnabled = true } ... }

isLoginButtonEnabled ͷ View ΁ͷ൓ө // LoginViewController override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad() ... viewModel.$isLoginButtonEnabled .sink { [weak self] isEnabled in guard let self else { return } self.loginButton.isEnabled = isEnabled } .store(in: &cancellables)

defer { isLoginButtonEnabled = true } ... }

defer { isLoginButtonEnabled = true } do { try await AuthService.shared.logIn(...) dismiss.send() } catch { ... } }

LoginViewModel.dismiss @MainActor final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { ... let dismiss:
PassthroughSubject<Void, Never> = .init() ... }

dismiss ͷ View Ͱͷ࣮ߦ // LoginViewController override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad() ... viewModel.dismiss .sink { [weak self] _ in self?.parent?.dismiss(animated: true) } .store(in: &cancellables)

LoginViewModel.loginButtonPressed // LoginViewModel func loginButtonPressed() async { ... do {
... } catch { logger.warning("\(error)") if error is LoginError { ... } else ... } }

... } catch { logger.warning("\(error)") if error is LoginError { presentLoginErrorAlert.send(...) } else ... } }

... } catch { logger.warning("\(error)") if error is LoginError { loginErrorMessage = .login } else ... } }

LoginViewModel.loginErrorMessage @MainActor final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { ... @Published var
loginErrorMessage: LoginErrorMessage? ... }

LoginErrorMessage enum LoginErrorMessage: Hashable { case login case network case
server case system }

Swi$UI struct LoginView: View { @StateObject private var viewModel: LoginViewModel
= .init() ... }

Swi$UI struct LoginView: View { ... var body: some View
{ VStack(alignment: .center) { Spacer() TextField("ID", text: $viewModel.id) .textInputAutocapitalization(.never) .textFieldStyle(.roundedBorder) .frame(width: 200) ...

{ VStack(alignment: .center) { ... Button("Log in") { Task { await viewModel .loginButtonPressed() } } ...

{ VStack(alignment: .center) { ... } .onReceive(viewModel.dismiss) { _ in dismiss() } ... } }

Swi$UI struct LoginView: View { ... @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
var body: some View { VStack(alignment: .center) { ... } .onReceive(viewModel.dismiss) { _ in dismiss() } ... } }

DI ͱςετ

LoginViewModel ͷςετ͕ॻ͖ͮΒ͍ func loginButtonPressed() async { isLoginButtonEnabled = false defer
{ isLoginButtonEnabled = true } do { // αʔόʔʹΞΫηεɺϑΝΠϧ I/O try await AuthService.shared.logIn(...) dismiss.send() } catch { ... } }

ςετ͔Βαʔόʔ΍ϑΝΠϧʹΞΫηεͨ͘͠ͳ͍ • ωοτϫʔΫ΍αʔόʔͷঢ়ଶͰ݁Ռ͕ෆఆ • ੒ޭɾࣦഊέʔεͳͲΛ੍ޚͰ͖ͳ͍ • ςετͷ౓ʹσʔλΛॻ͖ࠐΈͨ͘ͳ͍

ಠཱͨ͠ίΞϨΠϠʔύλʔϯ Core Layer Pa*ern h*ps:/ /blog.shin1x1.com/entry/independent-core-layer-pa*ern

AuthServiceProtocol protocol AuthServiceProtocol { static var shared: Self { get
} func logIn( for id: User.ID, with password: String ) async throws ... }

AuthService actor AuthService: AuthServiceProtocol { ... }

LoginViewModel @MainActor final class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject { ... }

LoginViewModel @MainActor final class LoginViewModel<AuthService>: ObservableObject where AuthService: AuthServiceProtocol {
... }

ܕύϥϝʔλΠϯδΣΫγϣϯ

AuthService ͷར༻Օॴͷίʔυ͸มΘΒͳ͍ func loginButtonPressed() async { isLoginButtonEnabled = false defer
{ isLoginButtonEnabled = true } do { try await AuthService.shared.logIn(...) dismiss.send() } catch { ... } }

! DI Λ׆༻ͯ͠ ViewModel Λ UI ΍ωοτϫʔΫ౳͔Β ಠཱͤ͞Δ

LoginViewModelTests @MainActor final class LoginViewModelTests: XCTestCase { ... }

loginErrorMessage ͷςετ func testLoginErrorMessageByLoginError() async { let viewModel: LoginViewModel<AuthService> =
.init() ... }

.init() await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() // LoginError ... }

.init() await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() // LoginError XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.loginErrorMessage, .login) }

! async/await Λ࢖͑͹ ඇಉظϝιουͷςετΛ γϯϓϧʹॻ͚Δ ※ Task.init Λ ViewModel ଆʹॻ͔ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒͦ͜

.init() await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() // LoginError XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.loginErrorMessage, .login) }

ςετ༻ͷ AuthService private final class AuthService: AuthServiceProtocol { static var
shared: AuthService = .init() private init() {} ... }

ςετ༻ͷ AuthService private final class AuthService: AuthServiceProtocol { ... func
logIn(for id: User.ID, with password: String) async throws { throw LoginError() } }

ςετ༻ͷ AuthService private final class AuthService: AuthServiceProtocol { ... var
logInResult: Result<Void, Error>? func logIn(for id: User.ID, with password: String) async throws { try logInResult!.get() } }

.init() await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.loginErrorMessage, .login) }

.init() AuthService.shared.logInResult = .failure(LoginError()) await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.loginErrorMessage, .login) }

loginErrorMessage ͷςετ func testLoginErrorMessageByServerError() async { let viewModel: LoginViewModel<AuthService> =
.init() AuthService.shared.logInResult = .failure(ServerError.response(...)) await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.loginErrorMessage, .server) }

isLoginButtonEnabled ͷςετ func testLoginButtonEnabled() async { let viewModel: LoginViewModel<AuthService> =
.init() ... }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) ... }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) viewModel.loginButtonPressed() ... }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) ... }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) ... XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) await viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) ... XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) async let logIn: Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) await logIn XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) }

.init() XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) async let logIn: Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.??? await logIn XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled)

logInResult: Result<Void, Error>? func logIn(for id: User.ID, with password: String) async throws { try logInResult!.get() } }

logInContinuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>? func logIn(for id: User.ID, with password: String) async throws { try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in logInContinuation = continuation } } }

isLoginButtonEnabled ͷςετ func testLoginButtonEnabled() async { ... async let logIn:
Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.??? await logIn

Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.logInContinuation? .resume(returning: ()) await logIn

Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() await Task.yield() XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.logInContinuation? .resume(returning: ()) await logIn

Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() while AuthService.shared.logInContinuation == nil { await Task.yield() } XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.logInContinuation? .resume(returning: ()) await logIn

Void = viewModel.loginButtonPressed() while AuthService.shared.logInContinuation == nil { await Task.yield() } XCTAssertFalse(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled) AuthService.shared.logInContinuation? .resume(returning: ()) AuthService.shared.logInContinuation = nil await logIn

isLoginButtonEnabled ͷςετ func testLoginButtonEnabled() async { ... await logIn XCTAssertTrue(viewModel.isLoginButtonEnabled)
}

·ͱΊ • async/await, Sendable, Con'nua'on, Task, actor, MainActor • ViewModel
ͷಋೖͱඇಉظॲཧͷςετ

͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ

Swift Concurrency時代のiOSアプリの作り方

Swift Concurrency時代のiOSアプリの作り方

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