Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
eBPF for Security Observability
Search
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Technology
0
1.4k
eBPF for Security Observability
As seen at DevOpsDays Amsterdam and KCD Berlin
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Liz Rice
See All by Liz Rice
KCD Lima: eBee in Peru!
lizrice
0
140
Unleashing the kernel with eBPF
lizrice
0
230
eBPF's Abilities and Limitations: The Truth
lizrice
0
420
Simplifying multi-cloud and multi-cluster Kubernetes deployments with Cilium
lizrice
0
230
When is a Secure Connection not encrypted? And other stories
lizrice
1
90
Keeping it simple: Cilium Mesh - networking for multi-cloud Kubernetes and beyond
lizrice
1
680
How Many Proxies Do You Need
lizrice
1
160
Beginner's Guide to eBPF Programming for Networking
lizrice
1
2.5k
Contributing to Open Source - what's in it for my business?
lizrice
0
68
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
react-callを使ってダイヤログをいろんなとこで再利用しよう!
shinaps
2
270
いま注目のAIエージェントを作ってみよう
supermarimobros
0
360
2025/09/16 仕様駆動開発とAI-DLCが導くAI駆動開発の新フェーズ
masahiro_okamura
0
140
MagicPod導入から半年、オープンロジQAチームで実際にやったこと
tjoko
0
110
共有と分離 - Compose Multiplatform "本番導入" の設計指針
error96num
2
1.2k
新アイテムをどう使っていくか?みんなであーだこーだ言ってみよう / 20250911-rpi-jam-tokyo
akkiesoft
0
350
下手な強制、ダメ!絶対! 「ガードレール」を「檻」にさせない"ガバナンス"の取り方とは?
tsukaman
2
460
Modern Linux
oracle4engineer
PRO
0
160
AWSで始める実践Dagster入門
kitagawaz
1
750
AIエージェントで90秒の広告動画を制作!台本・音声・映像・編集をつなぐAWS最新アーキテクチャの実践
nasuvitz
3
360
組織を巻き込む大規模プラットフォーム移行戦略 〜50+サービスのマルチリージョン・マルチプロダクト化で学んだステークホルダー協働の実践〜 / Platform migration strategy engaging all stakeholders
toshi0607
2
210
初めてAWSを使うときのセキュリティ覚書〜初心者支部編〜
cmusudakeisuke
1
280
Featured
See All Featured
Balancing Empowerment & Direction
lara
3
630
Designing for humans not robots
tammielis
253
25k
StorybookのUI Testing Handbookを読んだ
zakiyama
31
6.1k
Raft: Consensus for Rubyists
vanstee
140
7.1k
Designing Experiences People Love
moore
142
24k
[RailsConf 2023] Rails as a piece of cake
palkan
57
5.8k
Writing Fast Ruby
sferik
628
62k
Fantastic passwords and where to find them - at NoRuKo
philnash
52
3.4k
Rails Girls Zürich Keynote
gr2m
95
14k
GraphQLの誤解/rethinking-graphql
sonatard
72
11k
10 Git Anti Patterns You Should be Aware of
lemiorhan
PRO
656
61k
The Myth of the Modular Monolith - Day 2 Keynote - Rails World 2024
eileencodes
26
3k
Transcript
eBPF for Security Observability Liz Rice | @lizrice Chief Open
Source Officer, Isovalent
@lizrice
@lizrice What is ? extended Berkeley Packet Filter
@lizrice What is ? Makes the kernel programmable
@lizrice userspace kernel app event system calls eBPF program Run
custom code in the kernel
@lizrice SEC("kprobe/sys_execve") int hello(void *ctx) { bpf_trace_printk("Hello World!"); return 0;
} $ sudo ./hello bash-20241 [004] d... 84210.752785: 0: Hello World! bash-20242 [004] d... 84216.321993: 0: Hello World! bash-20243 [004] d... 84225.858880: 0: Hello World! Info about process that called execve syscall + userspace code to load eBPF program eBPF Hello World
Dynamic changes to kernel behaviour
Dynamic tracing tools
@lizrice userspace kernel Tracing tool event eBPF program Use eBPF
to collect event metrics eBPF Map metrics load Gather & show metrics
@lizrice eBPF tracing tools from iovisor/bcc
@lizrice eBPF tracing - opensnoop ~/bcc/libbpf-tools$ sudo ./opensnoop PID COMM
FD ERR PATH 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 6461 opensnoop 18 0 /etc/localtime 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5060 node 23 0 /home/liz/.vscode-server/data/User/workspaceStorage/48b53 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline …
eBPF and Kubernetes
@lizrice userspace kernel pod container pod container container One kernel
per host
@lizrice userspace kernel networking access files create containers One kernel
per host pod container pod container container
@lizrice userspace kernel app app pods networking access files create
containers Kernel aware of everything on the host
@lizrice userspace app kernel app pods networking access files create
containers eBPF programs can be aware of everything
@lizrice $ kubectl gadget trace open NODE NAMESPACE POD CONTAINER
PID COMM FD ERR PATH kind-2-control-plane default xwing spaceship 361876 vi 3 0 /etc/passwd eBPF tracing on Kubernetes - Inspektor Gadget Kubernetes info
@lizrice eBPF observability tools -
@lizrice eBPF observability tools - Cilium Hubble
eBPF observability
eBPF security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice What activity do we care about for security? eBPF
programs
@lizrice Syscall checks within the kernel
@lizrice TOCTTOU vulnerabilities with syscalls For more details • Leo
Di Donato & KP Singh at CN eBPF Day 2021 • Rex Guo & Junyuan Zeng at DEFCON 29 on Phantom attacks Attacker changes params after inspection
@lizrice Need to make the check at the right place
@lizrice Linux Security Modules • Stable interface • Safe places
to make checks
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes
@lizrice $ sudo ./chmoddemo & [1] 7631 $ sudo cat
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe chmod-7776 [001] d... 38197.342160: bpf_trace_printk: lsm path_chmod liz BPF LSM hook has kernel info populated SEC("lsm/path_chmod") int BPF_PROG(path_chmod, const struct path *path, umode_t mode) { bpf_printk("lsm path_chmod %s\n", path->dentry->d_iname); return 0; } Filename known to kernel
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes But needs kernel 5.7+ & Kubernetes context?
How stable is the Linux kernel?
@lizrice Cilium Tetragon • Safe places to make checks +
eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes Uses kernel knowledge to hook into sufficiently stable functions Adds Kubernetes context
@lizrice Photo credit: Bibafu A Tetragonisca angustula bee guarding the
nest-entrance
@lizrice apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1 kind: TracingPolicy metadata: name: "etc-files" spec: kprobes:
- call: "fd_install" … matchArgs: - index: 1 operator: "Prefix" values: - "/etc/" … Cilium Tetragon tracing policy + Policy “follows” file descriptor through read, write & close events
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1275 bytes 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 0 Cilium Tetragon observe Policy events Kubernetes info
@lizrice Combined network and runtime visibility
eBPF preventative runtime security
@lizrice Network policy → eBPF programs drop packets
@lizrice Preventative actions from user space
@lizrice Preventative actions from kernel
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1269 bytes 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd SIGKILL Cilium Tetragon observe Killed before write
eBPF security observability • Dynamic instrumentation - zero app modifications
• Contextual information, Kubernetes identity-aware • Option for runtime enforcement from the kernel
Thank you! cilium/tetragon @ciliumproject cilium.io | ebpf.io @lizrice