Defenders Guide to Cloud Native Infrastructure Security - Github Satellite 2020

While DevOps teams have moved toward cloud, containers, Kubernetes, serverless, and cloud-native infrastructure, security teams are still catching up. In this talk, Madhu will discuss how to get started with setting up real-world cloud-native infrastructure using containers, serverless, and service mesh with automated deployments. What's more, each phase will contain built-in security checks with open source tools and cloud services.

Madhu will perform security checks at multiple layers—like Infrastructure Security, Supply Chain Security and Run Time Security—with real-world scenarios. At the end of the talk he'll verify the security of the cloud-native infrastructure by performing an automated security scan with the help of CIS Benchmarks. Following this talk, you'll feel comfortable applying these practical security skills to your daily operations, no matter your infrastructure.

Transcript

1. Defenders Guide to Cloud Native Infrastructure Security Madhu Akula @ Xebia @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
2. @madhuakula About Me • Cloud Native Security Specialist @ Xebia • Security (Cloud, Containers, Kubernetes & Automation) • Speaker & Trainer @ BlackHat, DEF CON, USENIX LISA, OWASP, All Day DevOps, null, etc. • Co-Author of Security Automation with Ansible 2 • Never Ending Learner! • https://madhuakula.com #GitHubSatellite
3. • What & Why Cloud Native Infrastructure? • Code to Production workflow • Why security defence? • Architecture & Attack surface • Layers of security defence (defence in depth) • Key takeaways • References & Resources • Next steps to learn more and more… What You Will Learn? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
4. Cloud Native is used to describe containerised application to dynamically schedule, orchestrate and manage through continuous delivery workflows. Which allows to optimize resource utilization, and microservices-oriented to increase the overall agility and maintainability and support the life cycle of applications. - Cloud Native Computing Foundation What is Cloud Native? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
5. What is Cloud Native? @madhuakula https://landscape.cncf.io #GitHubSatellite
6. https://github.com/cncf/toc/blob/master/DEFINITION.md Cloud native technologies empower organizations to build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds. Containers, service meshes, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs exemplify this approach. These techniques enable loosely coupled systems that are resilient, manageable, and observable. Combined with robust automation, they allow engineers to make high-impact changes frequently and predictably with minimal toil. Why Cloud Native? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
7. https://medium.com/@pkerrison/pizza-as-a-service-2-0-5085cd4c365e @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
8. Operat e Develop Design Deploy Test Code to Production Workflow @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
9. Cloud Native Microservices Demo Application Online Boutique is a cloud-native demo application with 10 microservices showcasing Kubernetes, Istio, gRPC and OpenCensus. https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
10. Why Security Defence? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
11. https://blog.madhuakula.com/some-tips-to-review-docker-hub-hack-of-190k-accounts-addcd602aade Why Security Defence? @madhuakula https://kromtech.com/blog/security-center/cryptojacking-invades-cloud-how-modern- containerization-trend-is-exploited-by-attackers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CTK2aUXTH o https://github.com/Frichetten/CVE-2019-5736-PoC https://github.com/eoftedal/writings/blob/master/published/CVE-2019-9901- path-traversal.md https://engineering.bitnami.com/articles/helm-security.html #GitHubSatellite
12. Many other vulnerabilities and real- world impacts... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
13. Architecture & Attack Surface @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
14. Cloud Native Attack Surface • Application Code • Container Image • Orchestration Platform • Runtime • Microservices & Communication • API Gateway & Proxies • Network & Load Balancers • AuthN & AuthZ • Storage • Management • Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
15. Container Attack Surface • Namespaces • Control Groups • Daemon • Configuration • Capabilities • Content Trust • Container Registry • Volumes • Networks • Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
16. https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/ Kubernetes Attack Surface @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
17. Layers of Security Defense (defense in depth) @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
18. Code Quality Analysis https://www.sonarqube.org/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
19. Security Linters https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
20. Dependency Security Analysis https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-security-vulnerabilities/viewing-and-updating-vulnerable- dependencies-in-your-repository @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
21. Static Code Security Analysis https://brakemanscanner.org/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
22. Dynamic Security Analysis https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-security-vulnerabilities/viewing-and-updating-vulnerable- dependencies-in-your-repository @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
23. Semantic Code Analysis https://github.com/features/security @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
24. Container Image Linter https://github.com/goodwithtech/dockle @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
25. Sensitive Information Analysis https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
26. Vulnerability Analysis for Containers https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
27. Risk Analysis for K8S Manifests https://kubesec.io @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
28. Exploring Docker Image Layers https://github.com/wagoodman/dive @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
29. Container Image Integrity Analysis @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
30. Centralised Logging & Monitoring @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
31. Network Security Policies https://github.com/ahmetb/kubernetes-network-policy-recipes Provides isolation between Kubernetes resources (pods, namespaces, svc, etc.) using labels and selectors across the cluster. @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
32. Security Profiles https://github.com/genuinetools/bane @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
33. Metadata Concealment https://github.com/features/security • Most of the cloud providers has fix for this in some way • GKE: Workload Identity, Metadata Concealment for Nodes https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/workload-identity • AWS: IMDSv2 for SSRF https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/defense-in-depth-open-firewalls- reverse-proxies-ssrf-vulnerabilities-ec2-instance-metadata-service/ @madhuakula
34. RBAC with least privilege access possible https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/ Role-based access control (RBAC) is a method of regulating access to computer or network resources based on the roles of individual users within your organization. Useful utilities to check out is • https://github.com/liggitt/audit2rbac • https://github.com/FairwindsOps/rbac-manager • https://github.com/jtblin/kube2iam @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
35. Secrets Injection into K8S Pod https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/injecting-vault-secrets-into-kubernetes-pods-via-a-sidecar/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
36. TLS with Cert-Manager Automate certificate management in cloud native environments. cert- manager builds on top of Kubernetes, introducing certificate authorities and certificates as first- class resource types in the Kubernetes API. This makes it possible to provide 'certificates as a service' to developers working within your Kubernetes cluster. @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
37. Pod Security Policies A Pod Security Policy is a cluster- level resource that controls security sensitive aspects of the pod specification. The PodSecurityPolicy objects define a set of conditions that a pod must run with in order to be accepted into the system, as well as defaults for the related fields. Good utility to check out is https://github.com/sysdiglabs/ku be-psp-advisor https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
38. Open Policy Agent - Policy Engine Policy-based control for cloud native environments Flexible, fine- grained control for administrators across the stack https://www.openpolicyagent.org @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
39. Container Runtime Sandbox • gVisor is a user-space kernel, written in Go, that implements a substantial portion of the Linux system call interface. It provides an additional layer of isolation between running applications and the host operating system. • Firecracker is an open source virtualization technology that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services. • Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
40. Sysdig Falco - Runtime Security Detection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd0ksjZI5Vk https://falco.org @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
41. Audit Your Kubernetes Clusters https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
42. Docker CIS Benchmarks https://github.com/docker/docker-bench-security A script that checks for dozens of common best-practices around deploying Docker containers in production • Host configuration • Docker daemon configuration and files • Docker container images • Docker runtime • Docker security operations • Docker swarm configuration @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
43. Kubernetes CIS Benchmarks https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-bench • Master Node Security Configuration ◦ API Server ◦ Scheduler ◦ Controller Manager ◦ Configuration Files ◦ Etcd ◦ General Security Primitives ◦ PodSecurityPolicices • Worker Node Security Configuration ◦ Kubelet ◦ Configuration Files @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
44. Security Best Practices • Application Code ◦ Code Linters ◦ Dependency Scanning ◦ Code Analysis (static, dynamic, variant and manual analysis) • Infrastructure Code ◦ Dockerfile (cis benchmarks, security best practices) ◦ Kubernetes manifests/Helm charts (cis benchmarks, least privilege) ◦ Host images, Host infrastructure (terraform, cloud infra security configs) ◦ Container Registry, Config Management • Sensitive information checks (secrets, api keys, etc.) • Version Control System (Config, PRs, MRs, etc.) • Manual Review/Approval/Verification @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
45. Security Best Practices • Secure Defaults • Least privilege principle • Network Security Policies • RBAC reviews • Service Mesh • Open Security Policy Agent (Multiple levels applying policy engine checks) • Proactive Logging & Monitoring for detection • Falco - Syscall monitoring & Threat detection engine • RASP - Runtime application security protection • Logging & Monitoring with Centralized Monitoring • Proactive Security Monitoring & Detection • Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
46. The (12) Twelve Factor App In the modern era, the twelve-factor app is a methodology for building modern, scalable, maintainable software-as-a-service apps. @madhuakula https://12factor.net #GitHubSatellite
47. Key Takeaways @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
48. • Security is everyone’s responsibility (Dev, Ops and Security, etc.) • Threat model your architecture and identify risks/threats • Follow and apply secure defaults • Know what you have (Inventory of assets) • Adopt zero trust model and trust nothing (Zoning, Containment & Segmentation) • Apply security at each layer (Defense in depth strategy) • Follow least privilege principle • AuthN & AuthZ • Encryption at REST & TRANSIT • Proactive monitoring & Active defense • Continuously analyse and apply feedback loops • Crawl, Walk, Run What are Your Key Takeaways? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
49. References & Resources @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
50. • Docker Security Docs • Kubernetes Security Docs • Attack matrix for Kubernetes • Breaking & Pwning Docker Containers & Kubernetes Clusters • Advanced Persistence Threats: The Future of Kubernetes Attacks • 11 Ways (Not) to Get Hacked • Attacking & Auditing Docker Containers using Open Source @ DEFCON 26 • Attacking and Auditing Docker Containers and Kubernetes Clusters @ DEFCON 27 • contained.af • CIS Benchmarks Docker • Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers • Abusing Privileged and Unprivileged Linux Containers • Container Security Notes • Linux Container Security • Docker Runtime Privileges and Capabilities • Apparmor Security Profiles on Docker • Seccomp Security Profiles on Docker • Docker Labs Capabilities • Practical SELinux and Containers • Containers and Operating systems morning paper gist • Kubernetes Webinar series References & Resources @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
51. Next steps to learn more and more... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
52. Recommended Reads & More Learning • Google SRE - 3 books • Cloud Native Infrastructure Book • Cloud Native Transformation Book • Kubernetes-Security.info • DevOps Security Checklist • Kubernetes Attack Audit Reports • CNCF Landscape • Known CVE’s and Vulnerability Research • K8S Slack Channels/Working Groups • Katacoda Playgrounds & Play with Docker & Play with Kubernetes • Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite
53. Madhu Akula https://madhuakula.com @madhuakula Thank You!