Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

develop_process

Sponsored · Ship Features Fearlessly Turn features on and off without deploys. Used by thousands of Ruby developers. →
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
February 04, 2015
Technology
130
0

 develop_process

開発手法の変遷について

Avatar for semiyashin

semiyashin

February 04, 2015

More Decks by semiyashin

See All by semiyashin
Backlog Talk part1
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
110
Backlog Talk part2
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
150
sales_strategy
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
150
dancing_dev
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
98
start_producer
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
250
eds_strategy
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
200
shibuyarb20130515
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
1
250
TokyoRUbyKaigi_10
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
0
280
DevLOVE2012
Avatar for semiyashin semiyashin
7
1.6k

Other Decks in Technology

See All in Technology
Bucharest Tech Week 2026 - Reinventing testing practices in the AI era
Avatar for Eric Deandrea edeandrea
PRO
1
160
LayerXにおけるセキュリティ管理の現在地と次の一手
Avatar for tosho tosho
0
180
How Timee Delivers Day 1 Production Ready LLM Features
Avatar for tomoyks tomoyks
0
230
マルチアカウント環境での コーディングエージェントを使った障害調査が大変なので AIエージェントにReadOnly権限を付与してみた / ReadOnly AI Agents for Multi-Account AWS Incident Response
Avatar for Takashi Yamaguchi yamaguchitk333
2
100
Chainlitで作るお手軽チャットUI
Avatar for tomo ynt0485
0
240
FinOps × AIエージェントで実現する コストインシデントの自動調査
Avatar for T.REX oasis1994liveforever
0
140
中期計画、2回作ってみた　～業務委託と正社員、両方の視点から～
Avatar for 株式会社出前館 demaecan
1
750
Oracle AI Database@Google Cloud：サービス概要のご紹介
Avatar for oracle4engineer oracle4engineer
PRO
6
1.5k
やさしいA2A入門
Avatar for みのるん minorun365
PRO
12
1.9k
Claude Codeをどのように キャッチアップしているか
Avatar for Oikon oikon48
12
8k
自律型AIエージェントは何を破壊するのか
Avatar for kojira kojira
0
160
フィジカル版Github Onshapeの紹介
Avatar for shiba_8ro shiba_8ro
0
220

Featured

See All Featured
Understanding Cognitive Biases in Performance Measurement
Avatar for Philip Tellis bluesmoon
32
2.9k
brightonSEO & MeasureFest 2025 - Christian Goodrich - Winning strategies for Black Friday CRO & PPC
Avatar for Christian Goodrich cargoodrich
3
730
Applied NLP in the Age of Generative AI
Avatar for Ines Montani inesmontani
PRO
4
2.3k
Hiding What from Whom? A Critical Review of the History of Programming languages for Music
Avatar for Tomoya Matsuura tomoyanonymous
2
850
How STYLIGHT went responsive
Avatar for nonsquared nonsquared
100
6.2k
4 Signs Your Business is Dying
Avatar for Josh Pigford shpigford
187
22k
SEOcharity - Dark patterns in SEO and UX: How to avoid them and build a more ethical web
Avatar for Sara Fernández Carmona sarafernandez
0
200
[SF Ruby Conf 2025] Rails X
Avatar for Vladimir Dementyev palkan
2
1.1k
Bash Introduction
Avatar for André Augusto Costa Santos 62gerente
615
220k
Jess Joyce - The Pitfalls of Following Frameworks
Avatar for Tech SEO Connect techseoconnect
PRO
1
170
Save Time (by Creating Custom Rails Generators)
Avatar for Garrett Dimon garrettdimon
PRO
32
3.4k
[RailsConf 2023 Opening Keynote] The Magic of Rails
Avatar for Eileen M. Uchitelle eileencodes
31
10k

Transcript

  1. ͜Μ͹Μ͸ʂ 5FO)VU

  2. ษڧձ΍ΔΑʂ

  3. ษڧձʹग़ͦ͏ͱ ͍ͯͨ͠ࢿྉ͕ ͓ଂೖΓ

  4. ΋͍ͬͨͳ͍͔Β ެ։

  5. ·ͣ͸ࣗݾ঺հ

  6. ͋ΜͨͩΕ

  7. Ϩϕϧɿ ͠ΐ͗͘ΐ͏ɿ ͠ΐ͏͝͏ɿ  ϓϩάϥϚ ͸͍ͺʔΕ͕͠ʔ ͜ʔͲ͘Γ͍͑ͨ

  8. ͓୊͸

  9. ͓୊͸

  10. ։ൃํࣜೖ໳

  11. ։ൃํࣜ͸ େ͖͘෼͚ͯ ̑ੈ୅

  12. ୈೋੈ୅Ҏલ

  13. Ұൃඞத

  14. ͢΂ͯΛҰؾʹ ։ൃ͢Δ

  15. ࢓༷͸Ұ౓ʹ·ͱΊΔ ࣦഊ͸ΏΔ͞Εͳ͍

  16. ࣦഊ͢ΔϦεΫ͕ ා͍ͷͰ νϟϨϯδ೉͍͠

  17. ग़஗ΕΔ͔ ແ೉͗ͯͭ͢·Βͳ͍ ੡඼͔͠Ͱ͖ͳ͍

  18. None

  19. ୈࡾੈ୅

  20. ࣦഊ͠΍͍͢ ʹ ௅ઓ͠΍͍͢

  21. ࢓༷͸มԽ͢Δ

  22. ॱ࣍ϦϦʔε

  23. ࣦഊͨ͠Β ϐϘοτ

  24. ࣦഊͯ͠΋͍͍͔Β ௅ઓ͠΍͍͢

  25. มߋ͠΍͍͔͢Β ࠷ޙʹ͸ͨͲΓͭ͘

  26. ΰʔϧ

  27. มԽ͢Δ΋ͷ ੒௕͢Δ΋ͷ ʹ޷ద

  28. None

  29. ୈࡾੈ୅·Ͱͷ ໰୊఺

  30. ͦͷ̍

  31. Ϳ͘Ϳ͘ͱ ංຬͨ͠ γεςϜ

  32. ࢖ΘΕΔػೳ ࢖ΘΕͳ͍ػೳ ൑ผͰ͖ͳ͍

  33. શ෦࢒͔͢͠ͳ͍

  34. ͦͷ̎

  35. ιϏΤτࣜ੡඼ ΞυϨφϦϯδϟϯΩʔ  ׬੒ͨ͠੡඼͸ɺސ٬͕ ཁٻͨ͠ػೳ͸උ͍͑ͯΔ͕ ݏΘΕ͙ͯ͢ʹࣺͯΒΕΔ

  36. ΧλϩάεϖοΫ͸ ͍͍

  37. ͨͩ͠࢖͍ͮΒ͍

  38. ແବʹػೳ͕ଟ͍ ͔͠΋࢖Θͳ͍

  39. ͳͥʁ

  40. 69Λߟྀͯ͠ ͳ͍͔Β

  41. ػೳϕʔεͰߟ͑Δ

  42. 69ϕʔεͰߟ͑ͳ͍

  43. ࣮ྫ̍

  44. None

  45. ݕࡧ͍͚ͨͩ͠ͳͷʹ ͲΕ͚ͩ ೖྗͤ͞ΔؾͩΑ

  46. None

  47. ొ࿥ը໘

  48. ͋Γͱ͋ΒΏΔ͜ͱΛ ೖྗͤ͞Δͱ͔ ಄͓͔͍͠

  49. ίϯόʔδϣϯ Լ͕Βͳ͍ʁ

  50. ͍͍ͩͨ ೖΕ͍ͨ΋ͷશ෦੝Γ ͕ݩڟͷέʔε͕ ଟ͍

  51. ࣮ྫ̎

  52. ίϛέਃ͠ࠐΈ ಛʹ༣ૹ

  53. ͋Ε͚ͩ൥ࡶͳͷʹ ෆඋʹଈམબ ͱ͔ɾɾɾ

  54. ελοϑ ʮෆඋଟ͍ΜͰ͢ΑXʯ Զ ʮඃ֐ऀρϥ͍͍ͯ͠ ɹ࿩͡Όͳ͍͠ʯ

  55. ࣮ྫ̏

  56. None
  57. None

  58. ࢖͍΍͍͢ը໘ʁ

  59. Ͳ͏࡞Δʁ

  60. ͦ͜Ͱ69Ͱ͢Α

  61. Ϣʔβʔͷߦಈͱ Ձ஋ɺϞνϕʔγϣϯ ʹ஫໨

  62. None

  63. ୈ࢛ੈ୅

  64. Ϣʔβʔͷߦಈͱ Ձ஋ɺϞνϕʔγϣϯ ʹ஫໨

  65. ཁٻػೳΛ Օ৚ॻ͖ʹ͢Δͱ

  66. Ϣʔβʔͷཉٻͱ ͍͏ίϯςΫετ ͕ࣦΘΕΔ

  67. ͔ͩΒ Ϣʔβʔཉٻʹ ΋ͱ͖ͮ ϢʔβʔετʔϦʔ Λ࡞Ζ͏

  68. ࢖͍΍͍͢ը໘ ʹ Ϣʔβʔཉٻʹ Ԋͬͨը໘

  69. ϢʔβʔετʔϦʔ ʹ ϢʔβʔཉٻΛ ಺แ

  70. ࣮૷͢Δͱ Ϣʔβʔཉٻʹ Ԋͬͨը໘͕Ͱ͖Δ

  71. ࢖͍΍͍͢ը໘ʂ

  72. ։ൃͰ΋໎͍ͮΒ͘ ͙͢ʹ։ൃͰ͖Δ

  73. None

  74. ධՁ΋ָ

  75. Α͘࢖ΘΕΔը໘
 ʹ ػೳͨ͠ ϢʔβʔετʔϦʔ

  76. ͭ·ΓϢʔβʔཉٻ ͷධՁʹ࢖͑Δ

  77. ػೳ͠ͳ͍ը໘ ʹ ཉٻ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍

  78. ࢬङΓ͠΍͍͢

  79. None

  80. ͦͷͨΊʹʁ

  81. ϢʔβʔΛ ϞσϧԽ͢Δ

  82. ϢʔβʔϞσϧ͕ ҟͳΔͱ Ϟνϕʔγϣϯͱ ߦಈ͕ҧ͏

  83. Ϣʔβʔཉٻ͕ҟͳΔ

  84. ը໘Ͱཉ͍͠৘ใ΍ ͱΓ͍ͨߦಈ͕ ҟͳΔ

  85. Ϟσϧ͝ͱʹ ఏڙ͢Δ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ มߋ

  86. ߴ͍69ͷ࣮ݱ

  87. ˞ϢʔβʔϞσϦϯά ͸ࠓճѻ͍·ͤΜ

  88. None

  89. ୈޒੈ୅

  90. ୈ࢛ੈ୅ͷߏ଄ ϓϩμΫτ WT Ϛʔέοτ

  91. ୈޒੈ୅ͷߏ଄ Ϗδωε WT υϝΠϯ

  92. ࣌ؒ࣠ͷ֓೦

  93. ୯ҰϓϩμΫτͷ Ձ஋ͷ௿Լ

  94. ϙʔτϑΥϦΦ͕ υϝΠϯʹ߹Θͤͯ ૊·ΕΔ

  95. υϝΠϯཧղͷ ॏཁੑ

  96. None

  97. Θ͔ΒΜ

  98. ୈ࢛ੈ୅ όολʔਓͷ ੒੷ʹ஫໨

  99. ୈޒੈ୅ ଧઢશମͰ ࢼ߹͋ͨΓͷ ࠷దԽ

  100. ୈޒੈ୅ ֫ಘ఺ɺ૯೥เֹɺ ಈһ؍٬਺

  101. ʮશମͰউͭʯ ͱ͍͏֓೦

  102. ਺ࣈΛத৺ͱͨ͠ Ϣʔβʔ؍ଌ

  103. None

  104. ࣮ྫ̍

  105. ޷͖ͳ͜ͱͯ͠ੜ͖ͯߦ͘

  106. Ϣʔβʔ ʮΑ͏ͭ΂ʹಈը ͋͛ͯελʔʹͳΔͱ ۚՔ͛Δͷʁʯ

  107. ౤ߘऀ૿͑Δ ࢹௌऀ૿͑Δ จԽཱ͕֬

  108. Ϣʔβʔͷ ϚΠϯυ͕ มΘΔ

  109. ग़ߘྉ૿Ճ 17૿Ճ

  110. Ϗδωε੒ཱ

  111. ʮϢʔβʔͷϚΠϯυ Λม͑Δʯ ʹ ʮจԽΛม͑Δʯ ࣌ؒ࣠ͱϚΠϯυ

  112. εςΟʔϒδϣϒζͷ ʮυοτΛ͏ͭʯ ͷཧ࿦Խ

  113. None

  114. υϝΠϯཧղͷ ॏཁੑ

  115. υϝΠϯΛཧղ͢Δͱ Կ͕ྑ͍ʁ

  116. ଧ཰্͕͕Δ

  117. υϝΠϯࢤ޲͸ ։ൃεϐʔυΛ ௿Լͤ͞Δ

  118. ܭଌΛਖ਼໘ػೳʹݶͬͨ৔߹  ։ൃ଎౓͸΄΅൒෼

  119. ͨͩ͠ߦಈ͋ͨΓͷ ϢʔβʔΠϯύΫτ ͕ߴ͍

  120. ਺ଧͯ͹౰ͨΔ ͔Β ࣮֬ͳώοτૂ͍ʹ

  121. ෭࣍ޮՌ

  122. ੒ޭ཰͕ߴ͍ͷͰ ελοϑͷ࢜ؾ͕ ߴ·Δ

  123. ਫ਼ӶνʔϜ͕ ͭ͘Γ΍͍͢

  124. None

  125. ଧ཰͸ͦΜͳʹ ॏཁ͔ʁ

  126. ਺Λଧͯ͹ ౰ͨΔͷͩΖ͏ʁ

  127. ʮϐϘοτʯ ΍ ʮࣦഊ͠΍͍͢ʯ

  128. ͜Ε͸ʮଛ੾Γʯ͕ ૣ͘Ͱ͖Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ

  129. μϝʔδݮগͷ ϓϥΫςΟε

  130. ͳͯ͘ࡁΉͳΒ ͳ͍΄͏͕͍͍

  131. ͢Ͱʹ౰ͨͬͨޙͷ αʔϏεͳΒ

  132. Ϣʔβʔظ଴஋Λ ߴ͘อͭͨΊʹ ʮ؆୯ʹఫୀʯ ͸ͮ͠Β͍

  133. ଧ཰ͷߴ͞͸ ώοτͨ͠ αʔϏε΄Ͳॏཁ

  134. None

  135. ҎԼࡶஊ

  136. ࢲͷνʔϜͰ ΍ͬͨ͜ͱ

  137. ཁһ ਓʙ̑ਓ

  138. શһ̏ʙ̐ੈ୅ͷ ։ൃܦݧऀ

  139. νʔϜͷ͓໿ଋ

  140. 1MBOOJOHCZ"MM ଧ߹ͤ͸શһͰ

  141. ͳͥʁ

  142. લఏ

  143. ϗʔιϯ࣮ݧ ࿑ಇऀͷੜ࢈ੑ͸ ࢜ؾʹΑܾͬͯ·Δ

  144. ࿑ಇऀ͸ ܾఆʹࣗ෼ͷҙݟ͕ औΓೖΕΒΕΔ΄Ͳ ౰ࣄऀҙࣝΛ࣋ͭ ߴ͍࢜ؾΛ࣋ͭ

  145. ΍ΔؾΞήΞή

  146. ·ͨ

  147. ձٞΛ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ίϯςΫετΛ ڞ༗͢Δͷ͕໨త

  148. None

  149. "ࣾͷษڧձͰ ฉ͍ͨηϦϑ

  150. ࣗ෼ͷ͍ͳ͍ͱ͜ΖͰ ܾ·ͬͨ͜ͱʹ ै͏͜ͱ͸ ҙཉΛ࡟͙

  151. ʮ͜ΕܾΊ͔ͨΒ ͓લ΍Εʯ ͸౰ࣄऀҙࣝΛ ୣ͏ϕετϓϥΫςΟε

  152. ʮٞ࿦͸͍͍͔ΒखΛಈ͔ͤʯ ͸ੜ࢈ੑΛԼ͛Δ ϕετϓϥΫςΟε

  153. None

  154. 1MBOOJOHJTBMM 1MBOJTOPU ܭը͢Δ͜ͱʹҙຯ͕͋Δ ɹ࡞੒ͨ͠ܭըʹ͸ ɹͦΕ΄Ͳҙຯ͸ͳ͍ ɹCZϞϧτέ

  155. Ϟϧτέ͸ϓϩΠηϯ܉ਓ ϓϩΠηϯ܉͸ ෼ݖతΞϓϩʔν͕ओྲྀ

  156. ෼ݖతΞϓϩʔν͸ ΞδϟΠϧͷجຊ ͜ΕΛ͠ͳ͍ͱ େྔͷϚωʔδෛՙͱ ੜ࢈ੑΞϓϩʔνͰࢮ͵

  157. ྫ֎͸.JDSPTPGU͚ͩ

  158. None

  159. શһձ͕ٞجຊ ձٞͰલఏͱϏδϣϯ Λڞ༗͢Δ

  160. FTBʹԿඦߦ ॻ͍ͯ΋ ߦؒ͸ ఻ΘΒͳ͍

  161. શһͰ΍Δͱ ձٞ௕͘ͳΒͳ͍ʁ

  162. ͳΒͳ͔ͬͨ

  163. ձٞΛޮ཰Խ͢Δʹ͸ʁ

  164. None

  165. ஍ਤΛ࡞Ζ͏

  166. ஍ਤʹϏδϣϯ

  167. .71Ωϟϯόε͸ ֬ೝςετ

  168. ΈΜͳͪΌΜͱ ಉ͡ํ޲ΈͯΔʁ

  169. શһ͕ಉ͡΋ͷΛ ͔͚ΔϨϕϧ͕ཧ૝

  170. ࣮ࡍ͔͚ͨ

  171. ͦͷͨΊͷத਎Λ ݻΊΔ࡞ۀΛ શһͰ΍Δ

  172. ஁଄޻ఔ 'PSHJOH1SPDFTT  ͱ͔ಡΜͰͨ

  173. ձ͕ٞϒϨΔͷ͸ Ϩʔϧ΋஍ਤ΋ ͳ͍͔Β

  174. Ϗδϣϯ͸஍ਤ

  175. ΞδΣϯμ͸Ϩʔϧ

  176. ϏδϣϯΛڞ༗͢Ε͹ ձٞ΋࡞ۀ΋ͿΕͳ͍

  177. ΄΅ࢦࣔͳ͠Ͱ νʔϜ͕·ΘΔ

  178. ཁһ௥Ճ࣌ʹ΋ Ϗδϣϯͷ࠶ڞ༗ʹ ͱͯ΋໾ཱͬͨ

  179. None

  180. ͓͓ΉͶ

  181. ੈք؍ڞ༗

  182. υϝΠϯϞσϦϯά ͱ ϢʔβʔϞσϦϯά

  183. ཉٻ෼ੳ

  184. ϚωλΠζݕ౼

  185. ͜ͷॱংͰ஁଄͢Δ

  186. None

  187. ͋ͱ

  188. Ωϟϯόε͸ ݸਓ͝ͱʹೱ୶͕ ͋ͬͯ

  189. ڵຯ΍ཧղ౓ͷ ೱ୶Λද͢

  190. νʔϜͷΩϟϯόεʹ ೱ୶͕͋ΔͳΒ ͦΕ͸νʔϜͷೱ୶

  191. ͦΕ͔Β

  192. Ωϟϯόε͸ εφοϓγϣοτ

  193. ఆظߋ৽͸جຊ

  194. ৆ຯظݶ͸ ໿ࡾϲ݄

  195. ࠩ෼Ͱมߋ౓߹͍͕ Θ͔Δ

  196. None

  197. ϏδϣϯΛ ڞ༗͠ͳ͍ͱʁ

  198. ੜ࢈ੑ͕ѱԽ͢Δ

  199. Ϛωʔδϝϯτ͕ େྔʹඞཁʹͳΔ

  200. ձ͕ٞ·ͱ·Βͳ͍

  201. None

  202. ҎԼຊ౰ʹࡶஊ

  203. ͦͷ̍

  204. اը ࣮૷ ϦϦʔε

  205. اը ࣮૷ ϦϦʔε ܭଌ σʔλΤϯδχΞ

  206. اը ࣮૷ ϦϦʔε ܭଌ σʔλΤϯδχΞ ࢮҼ෼ੳ

  207. اը ࣮૷ ϦϦʔε ܭଌ σʔλΤϯδχΞ

  208. None

  209. ͦͷ̎

  210. ձٞΞϯνύλʔϯ

  211. ݟͨ໨͚ͩɿ ࣄ߲ͷཏྻΛฒ΂ͯ ׬੒ҊΛ࡞Δ ͦΕͬΆ͘࡞ΕΔ͕ ɹҙਤ͕఻ΘΓͮΒ͍

  212. ڞ࿨੍Ξϓϩʔνɿ গ਺ͰҙࢥܾఆΛߦ͍ ܾఆࣄ߲Λϝϯόʔʹ఻͑Δ ϝϯόʔʹҙࢥܾఆݖΛ ༩͑ͳ͍

  213. ϑϦʔϓϩάϥϜɿ ձٞͷલఏͱͳΔ෦෼Λ ڞ༗͠ͳ͍ ੒Ռ͸௿͘ͳΓ࣌ؒ͸ ͔͔Δ͕ɺͦͷͿΜ ΍Γͱ͛ͨײΛଟ͘ಘΒΕΔ

  214. None

  215. ͦͷ̏

  216. υϝΠϯॏཁ

  217. υϝΠϯཧղͷͨΊʹ ৘ใΛूΊΔ

  218. ৘ใ͕ͳ͍ͱ

  219. צʹཔΔ

  220. ଞαʔϏεͷύΫϦ ʹཔΔ

  221. ͦͯ͠ଧ཰͕Լ͕Δ

  222. None

  223. ͦͷ̐

  224. άϩʔεϋοΫ

  225. ୈҰஈ֊

  226. খखઌͷஈ֊

  227. ॳճΨνϟΛԁʹʂ

  228. ͓༑ୡΛݺͿͱ ϨΞΧʔυ ϓϨθϯτʂ

  229. ୈೋஈ֊

  230. Ϣʔβʔཧղ

  231. ͦͷ̍

  232. ʮ1ͨͪ͸ ɹݸผΞΠυϧʹͭ͘ʯ

  233. ͦͷ̎

  234. ʮΞΠυϧؒʹΏΔ͍ ɹؔ܎ੑΛ࡞Δͱ ɹϑΝϯ͕੝Γ্͕Δ ʮബ͍ຊΛΑΓް͘ʂʯ

  235. ͦͷ̏

  236. ʮಉਓࢽͷ਺͕ ɹઌߦࢦඪͱͯ͠࢖͑Δʯ ʮ࡞඼͕ଟ͍ΞΠυϧΛ ɹ༏ઌతʹϨΞΧʔυʹʯ

  237. ͦͷ̐

  238. ʮͲͷΞΠυϧ͕Ұ൪ ɹࡳଋΛՔ͛Δʁʯ

  239. ʮ1ୡʹ౴͑ͤ͞Ε͹ ɹ͍͍ɻ૯બڍͩʂʯ

  240. ͦͷ̑

  241. ʮେܕΨνϟΛ΍Δͱ ɹͦͷΞΠυϧͷ1͸ ɹർฐ͢Δʯ ʮͦ͜ͰΨνϟͷظؒΛஔ͘ʯ ʮ1ͷࡒ෍͕ճ෮͢ΔͷΛ ɹ଴ͭɻྠ࡞ํࣜʯ

  242. ୈࡾஈ֊

  243. υϝΠϯཧղ

  244. ΑΓՔ͙ʹ͸ ϥΠϒ͕ඞཁ

  245. ϥΠϒʹग़ͤΔ ΞΠυϧ͸ ੠༏ͷ౎߹Ͱ ݶΒΕΔ

  246. ϥΠϒʹग़ͤΔ ΞΠυϧΛϓογϡ ͢Δ

  247. ʮΨνϟͰՔ͙ʯ ͔Β ʮάοζͱϥΠϒͰ Ք͙ʯ

  248. ࣗ෼͔ΒϐϘοτ

  249. None

  250. ͓ΘΓ