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Using Images in iOS

Using Images in iOS

Using images in iOS is a constant balancing act between making beautiful UIs and managing the size of your app’s bundle. This talk will go over some things you can do with images to help that balance.

Jeff Kelley

January 10, 2013
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Transcript

  1. Image Pitfalls • One uncompressed Retina iPad image file: ~12

    MB • App Store download limit for non-WiFi connections: 50 MB • One uncompressed background image for all resolutions: ~18 MB
  2. Special Images in the Bundle • Icon Files • 29x29

    (iPhone Settings) • 50x50 (iPad Search Results) • 57x57 (iPhone Icon) • 58x58 (iPhone Settings, Retina) • 72x72 (iPad Icon) • 100x100 (iPad Search Results, Retina) • 114x114 (iPhone Icon, Retina) • 144x144 (iPad Icon, Retina)
  3. Special Images in the Bundle • iTunes Artwork • Include

    as ‘iTunesArtwork’ (no extension) for ad-hoc builds • now must be 1024x1024 • Warn your designer! • Consider using vector graphics
  4. Special Images in the Bundle • Default Images • Display

    while your app is launching • One for each resolution/rotation • Separate image for iPhone 5 • The presence of this image indicates whether your app has iPhone 5 support
  5. UIImage • The highest-level image representation in Cocoa Touch •

    Create from a file, from data, or from lower-level representations • Represents an image, not image data (more on that later)
  6. Creating a UIImage • From a File: UIImage *myImage =

    [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:myPath]; • From Data: UIImage *myImage = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:myData];
  7. Cached Images • Using the class method +imageNamed:, you can

    create an image from the main bundle • These images are cached automatically • For PNG images, you can leave off the extension
  8. Image Cache Behavior • In low-memory situations, a UIImage’s image

    data will be purged • This data will be reloaded once the image is needed again
  9. Using Images • Usually: UIImageView • Occasionally: Create an NSData

    object using UIImagePNGRepresentation() or UIImageJPEGRepresentation().
  10. Retina Graphics • Everything on an iOS display is measured

    in points, not pixels • To get the pixel dimensions of an image, multiply scale by size • Images created with +imageNamed: automatically seek out image files with the “@2x” suffix before the extension • “image.png” and “[email protected]
  11. Retina Graphics • Tell your designers: design for non-Retina, create

    for Retina • Yes, this is hard. • Retina graphics must be exactly twice the scale—no odd dimensions. • Even with drop shadows!
  12. Stretchable Images • Once you have an image, you can

    create a resizable version that can resize to any arbitrary size • - (UIImage *)resizableImageWithCapInsets: (UIEdgeInsets)capInsets; • The inner portion is tiled or stretched
  13. Animated Images • Load individual frames of an animation as

    separate images and cycle through them • Can initialize with an array of images or with a prefix • Up to 1,024 frames
  14. Animated Images • Creating from a prefix: + (UIImage *)animatedImageNamed:(NSString

    *)name duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration; • Creating from an array: + (UIImage *)animatedImageWithImages:(NSArray *)images duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration;
  15. Animated Images • If you’re really crazy: • + (UIImage

    *)animatedResizableImageNamed:(NSString *)name capInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)capInsets duration: (NSTimeInterval)duration;
  16. Image Patterns • Sometimes you want to make a tiny

    image repeat, such as in a background • Create a UIColor object with the image as a pattern: UIColor *myPatternColor = [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:myImage]; • Great way to save space
  17. CoreGraphics • AKA QuartzCore (<QuartzCore/ QuartzCore.h>) • Allows you to

    draw graphics yourself as opposed to including images
  18. Graphics Contexts • Graphics contexts, represented by the CGContext opaque

    type, are the thing you draw into • In -drawRect:, you can get the current context with UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()
  19. Custom Drawing • A view doesn’t always redraw itself •

    Call -setNeedsDisplay to mark it as dirty • When marked as dirty, will re-draw in the event loop
  20. Problem: Interpolation • Images resized in UIImageViews have no control

    over interpolation quality • Bad solution: multiple images in the bundle, resized to the necessary sizes • How can we resize an image with good quality?
  21. Interpolating with CoreGraphics • Create a new bitmap graphics context

    • Set its interpolation quality to high • Draw the original image into the context • Get a new image
  22. Image Data • CoreGraphics is fun and all, but sometimes

    you need to access pixel data • What is pixel data? How is it formatted • iOS uses (mostly) RGBA8888 format • What the heck does that mean?
  23. Color Spaces • CGColorSpace opaque type • Two main color

    spaces to worry about: • CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceGray() • CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB() • Defines the number of components
  24. Graphics Context Options •CGContextRef CGBitmapContextCreate ( void *data, size_t width,

    size_t height, size_t bitsPerComponent, size_t bytesPerRow, CGColorSpaceRef colorspace, CGBitmapInfo bitmapInfo );
  25. Getting Pixel Data • Create a buffer of pixel data

    to draw into • We’ll use uint8_t for unsigned 8-bit integers • Create a bitmap image context • Draw the image into the context • Voilà!
  26. Getting Pixel Data • Why didn’t we just ask the

    image for its data? • Drawing it into our own context give us a mutable version of it • We know the color space we’re using
  27. Generating Pixel Data • Remember before when we made a

    bitmap graphics context with data? • Turns out you can pre-fill that data with your own pixels
  28. AmazeKit • Image rendering library for iOS • Uses stacked

    image effects, analogous to Photoshop layer styles • Renders UI into image, caches heavily • Allows for small bundle sizes, rendered-on- demand UI • Soon to be open-sourced