of contradiction in the policy formulation process, where the de jure policies manifest in the senior high school Course of Study through the revisions of its subjects and the creation of textbooks, contrast sharply from the de facto practices found in both public and private academic senior high schools, which privilege juken eigo (or English for the purpose of university entrance exam preparation). ... Therefore, a major challenge for Japan will be to rethink how to bridge the divide between the de jure methods policy (communication) and the de facto methods policy (translation-based methods) (Section 4.1.) (Glasgow & Paller, 2016) 要は,「法制度 vs. 現実」 • → 学習指導要領をもとにAll in English 指導を指示する文科省 vs. それに従わず「受験英語」を堅持する現場 (agency) しかし,学習指導要領は法律ではない • 「学習指導要領の法的拘束力」としばしば言われるものは「大綱」的な拘束力 • したがって,この程度の「逸脱」は,学習指導要領制度が最初から織り込み済みだったものであり,agency の発 露というほど大仰なものではない
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