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【NLPコロキウム】Stepwise Alignment for Constrained La...
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Akifumi Wachi
December 17, 2024
Research
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【NLPコロキウム】Stepwise Alignment for Constrained Language Model Policy Optimization (NeurIPS 2024)
https://nlp-colloquium-jp.github.io/schedule/2024-12-18_akifumi-wachi/
Akifumi Wachi
December 17, 2024
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Transcript
4UFQXJTF"MJHONFOUGPS $POTUSBJOFE-BOHVBHF.PEFM 1PMJDZ0QUJNJ[BUJPO "LJGVNJ8BDIJ 5IJFO 25SBO 3FJ4BUP 5BLVNJ5BOBCF :PVIFJ "LJNPUP
݄ !/-1ίϩΩϜ 1 /FVS*14 IUUQTBSYJWPSHBCT
"LJGVNJ8BDIJʢ ྎྑʣ ܦྺ • r ɿ*#.౦ژجૅݚڀॴ 3FTFBSDI4DJFOUJTU • r ݱࡏɿ-*/&Ϡϑʔݚڀॴ
$IJFG3FTFBSDI4DJFOUJTU ݚڀ • ڧԽֶश ºʢ"*4BGFUZ ࣗવݴޠॲཧʣ ஶॻʢڞஶʣ • ʰڧԽֶश͔Β৴པͰ͖Δҙࢥܾఆʱ ओͳੜଉҬ • .-"*ܥͷֶձʢ/FVS*14 *$.- """* *+$"* FUDʣ ຊ͢༰ɺ/FVS*14Ͱൃද͖ͯͨ͠༰Ͱ͢ʂ 2
3 എܠɿݴޠϞσϧͷΞϥΠϝϯτ 3-)' • ݴޠϞσϧͷΞϥΠϝϯτͱʁ • ݴޠϞσϧΛਓؒͷՁ؍ඪʹ߹கͤ͞Δϓϩηε • 3-)' 3FJOGPSDFNFOU-FBSOJOHGSPN)VNBO'FFECBDL
<> ͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔ 0VZBOH 5SBJOJOHMBOHVBHFNPEFMTUPGPMMPXJOTUSVDUJPOTXJUIIVNBOGFFECBDL *O/FVS*14
4 3-)'ͷύΠϓϥΠϯ ˢ ڭࢣ͋Γֶश ʢ4'5ʣ ˢ 1SFGFSFODFEBUB ͰใुϞσϧΛֶश ˢ ֶशͨ͠ใुϞσϧ
Λ༻͍ͯڧԽֶश *NBHFUBLFOGSPN0VZBOH 1SFGFSFODFEBUBճͷ࣭Λਓ͕ؒൺֱɾϥϯΩϯάͨ͠σʔλͷ͜ͱ 4UFQ 4UFQ 4UFQ
5 3-)'ෳࡶɾෆ҆ఆ *NBHFUBLFOGSPN;IFOH ;IFOH 4FDSFUTPG3-)'JOMBSHFMBOHVBHFNPEFMTQBSU*110 BS9JW
QSFQSJOUBS9JW
%10%JSFDU1SFGFSFODF0QUJNJ[BUJPO • /FVS*14डจͷҰͭʢ0VUTUBOEJOH.BJO5SBDL3VOOFS6QTʣ 6 3BGBJMPW %JSFDU1SFGFSFODF0QUJNJ[BUJPO:PVS-BOHVBHF.PEFMJT4FDSFUMZB3FXBSE.PEFM *O/FVS*14 ਓೳֶձެࣜ
:PV5VCF Ͱղઆͯ͠·͢
• 3-)'ͷʮใुϞσϧͷֶशʯʴʮڧԽֶशʯΛ؆ུԽ͢Δ࠷దԽΛఏҊ • %10%JSFDU1SFGFSFODF0QUJNJ[BUJPO • ͳΜ͔ۙࣅͰͨ͠ΜͰ͔͢ʁ ˠ ͍͍͑ɺֶతʹՁͰ͢ 7 %10
= Ձ ใुϞσϧͷֶश ڧԽֶश ڭࢣ͋Γֶश ʢͬͪ͜ͷ΄͏͕ղ͖͍͢ʣ *NBHFUBLFOGSPN3BGBJMPW 3BGBJMPW %JSFDU1SFGFSFODF0QUJNJ[BUJPO:PVS-BOHVBHF.PEFMJT4FDSFUMZB3FXBSE.PEFM *O/FVS*14
8 ,50,BIOFNBO5WFSTLZ0QUJNJ[BUJPO • %10ͱಉ༷ʹɺ3-Λ༻͍ͣʹڭࢣ͋ΓֶशΛҰճղ͘ Ethayarajh et al. "KTO: Model alignment
as prospect theoretic optimization." arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.01306 (2024). ≻ 8JOOFS -PTFS • σʔληοτͷܗ͕ࣜҟͳΔ • 3-)' %10ˠ 1SFGFSFODFEBUB • ճ"ճ#ΑΓϕλʔ • ,50ˠ 6OQBJSFEͳೋσʔλ • ߴධՁɾධՁʢ:PV5VCFͳͲʣ • σʔληοτͷ࡞͕༰қ • σʔληοτͷܗࣜɾΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ଟछଟ༷ʹ • ධՁࢦඪσʔληοτʹΑͬͯɺదͳΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ҧ͏ 3-)'%10 ,50
9 3-)' %10 ,50Λମܥతʹཧղ͢Δ 3-)' ≻ 1SFGFSFODFEBUB ใुϞσϧ ΞϥΠϝϯτ ͞ΕͨݴޠϞσϧ
%10͕ొ͢Δ·Ͱɺσʔλ͔Β ΞϥΠϝϯτ͢ΔࣄͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ ˣ ใुϞσϧΛܦ༝ͱֶͯ͠श
10 3-)' %10 ,50Λମܥతʹཧղ͢Δ %10 ≻ 1SFGFSFODFEBUB ,50 ใुϞσϧ ΞϥΠϝϯτ
͞ΕͨݴޠϞσϧ ରԠؔΛղੳతʹಋग़ ܦ༝ͩͬͨใुϞσϧͷֶश͕ɺݴޠϞσϧͷΞϥΠϝϯτ ͱ͍͏࠷ऴΰʔϧͱ࣮࣭తʹಉ͡ʹͳͬͨʂ
11 ࠷దղͷ֎ܗಉ͡ 3-)' %10 ,50͕ղ͍͍ͯΔํࡦ࠷దԽಉ͡ ͜ͷͷ࠷దղ͕ղੳతʹಘΒΕΔ ʢ ਖ਼نԽͷͨΊͷؔʣ ղ͍͍ͯΔ͕ಉ͡ݶΓɺ࠷దղಉ͡ ಋग़ʹ͍ͭͯɺ࠷ޙϖʔδʹ
ิεϥΠυ͕͋Γ·͢
3-)' %10 ,50ͷܽͱʁ 12
13 3-)'%10,50ͷܽͱʁ ධՁࢦඪ͕ݸͰ͋Δ͜ͱ ճͷྑ͠ѱ͕͠εΧϥʔͰධՁ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ Ϧϯΰʢྛޝ<>ɺֶ໊ .BMVTEPNFTUJDB .BMVTQVNJMBʣͱ όϥՊϦϯΰଐͷམ༿ߴ ·ͨͦͷՌ࣮Ͱ͢ɻ "OTXFS
ՌͰ͢ɻ "OTXFS ≻ Ϧϯΰʹ͍ͭͯڭ͑ͯԼ͍͞ 1SPNQU
14 3-)'%10,50ͷܽͱʁ ධՁࢦඪ͕ݸͰ͋Δ͜ͱ ճͷྑ͠ѱ͕͠εΧϥʔͰධՁ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ Ϧϯΰʹ͍ͭͯڭ͑ͯԼ͍͞ 1SPNQU Ϧϯΰʢྛޝ<>ɺֶ໊ .BMVTEPNFTUJDB .BMVTQVNJMBʣͱ όϥՊϦϯΰଐͷམ༿ߴ
·ͨͦͷՌ࣮Ͱ͢ɻ ΞϥϯɾνϡʔϦϯά͕ɺ ੨ࢎԽ߹ΛϦϯΰʹృΓ ͘ͳͬͨ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ "OTXFS ՌͰ͢ɻ "OTXFS ≻ ≻ ༗༻ੑ ҆શੑ
15 ݴޠϞσϧͷ҆શੑͱʁ ࡢࠓɺ4BGFUZ 5SVTUXPSUIJOFTTͱ͍͏໊ͷͱͰΜʹݚڀ ʮ҆શੑʯͱݴ༷ͬͯʑͳ֓೦ΛؚΉ ༗ൃݴɿݴɾੑతൃݴɾࠩผൃݴ FUD όΠΞε • ࠃ੶ɾੑผɾ࣏తࢤʹؔ͢ΔόΠΞε
• όΠΞεʢ͍จষΛΉʣ • ࣗݾධՁόΠΞεʢ͕ࣗੜ͢ΔจষͦΕʹࣅͨจষΛߴ͘ධՁ͢Δʣ ϓϥΠόγʔ • ݸਓใʢ༗໊ਓͷॅॴͳͲʣΛग़ྗͯ͠͠·͏ɺͳͲͳͲ
16 ҆શੑ੍͖ͷΞϥΠϝϯτ ௨ৗͷ 3-)'%10͕ղ͍͍ͯΔ࠷దԽ max s.t. max ˢ ଟछଟ༷ͳධՁࢦඪΛҰ࣍ݩͷใुؔ ʹԡ͠ࠐΊΔඞཁ͕͋Δ
ຊݚڀ͕ղ͘࠷దԽ ˢ ҆શੑʹؔ͢Δ੍݅ʢෳͰ0,ʣ ˢ લ෦ڞ௨
17 طଘݚڀɿ4BGF3-)' %BJFUBM4BGF3-)'4BGF3FJOGPSDFNFOU-FBSOJOHGSPN)VNBO'FFECBDL *O*$-3 NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE GJOBM -.QPMJDZ
SFXBSENPEFM TBGFUZNPEFM MBCFMSFXBSE BOETBGFUZ TBNQMF DPNQMFUJPO 4BGF3-)' SFXBSE EBUB TBGFUZ EBUB 110-BHSBOHJBO ௨ৗͷ 3-)'Λૉʹ੍͖ʹ֦ு • 3FXBSENPEFM𝑟 ͱ TBGFUZNPEFM𝑔 ΛͦΕͧΕֶश • ͦͷޙϥάϥϯδϡ 𝜆 Λಋೖͯ͠ɺ 𝑟 + 𝜆𝑔 ͱ͍͏ؔʹؔͯ͠ 3-)' • ݴޠϞσϧํࡦ Кͱ ϥάϥϯδϡ 𝜆 Λಉ࣌ʹ࠷దԽ ͨͩͰ͑͞ෳࡶͳ3-)'͕͞ΒʹෳࡶԽ max s.t. ղ͘࠷దԽಉ͡
18 طଘݚڀɿ4BGF3-)' max s.t. ղ͘࠷దԽಉ͡ %BJFUBM4BGF3-)'4BGF3FJOGPSDFNFOU-FBSOJOHGSPN)VNBO'FFECBDL *O*$-3 NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE NBYJNVN
MJLFMJIPPE GJOBM -.QPMJDZ SFXBSENPEFM TBGFUZNPEFM MBCFMSFXBSE BOETBGFUZ TBNQMF DPNQMFUJPO 4BGF3-)' SFXBSE EBUB TBGFUZ EBUB 110-BHSBOHJBO ௨ৗͷ 3-)'Λૉʹ੍͖ʹ֦ு • 3FXBSENPEFM𝑟 ͱ TBGFUZNPEFM𝑔 ΛͦΕͧΕֶश • ͦͷޙϥάϥϯδϡ 𝜆 Λಋೖͯ͠ɺ 𝑟 + 𝜆𝑔 ͱ͍͏ؔʹؔͯ͠ 3-)' • ݴޠϞσϧํࡦ Кͱ ϥάϥϯδϡ 𝜆 Λಉ࣌ʹ࠷దԽ ͨͩͰ͑͞ෳࡶͳ3-)'͕͞ΒʹෳࡶԽ ͜ΕΛγϯϓϧͳํ๏Ͱ؆ུԽ͠·ͨ͠Αʂ ͱ͍͏ͷ͕ຊݚڀͷҰ൪ͷߩݙ ͔͠ཧతʹਖ਼Խ͞Ε͍ͯΔํ๏Ͱ ࣮ݧతʹΑ͘ಈ͘ʂ
19 ఏҊख๏ɿ4"$10 NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE GJOBM -.QPMJDZ SFXBSENPEFM TBGFUZNPEFM
MBCFMSFXBSE BOETBGFUZ TBNQMF DPNQMFUJPO 4BGF3-)' 4"$10 SFXBSE EBUB TBGFUZ EBUB 110-BHSBOHJBO SFXBSE EBUB TBGFUZ EBUB NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE FH %10 ,50 SFGFSFODF -.1PMJDZ NBYJNVN MJLFMJIPPE FH %10 ,50 GJOBM -.1PMJDZ SFXBSEBMJHOFE -.1PMJDZ • 4"$104UFQXJTF"MJHONFOUGPS$POTUSBJOFE-BOHVBHF1PMJDZ0QUJNJ[BUJPO • ෳࡶͩͬͨ 4BGF3-)'͕ɺ%10 ,50Λஈ֊తʹճ͚ͩ͢ͷγϯϓϧͳͷͱͳͬͨ • ֶతʹՁͳͷͰɺ͜ͷૢ࡞ཧతʹਖ਼Խ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ֤ΞϥΠϝϯτͰ͖ͳΞϧΰϦζϜʢ%10 ,50ʣΛͬͯཧతʹ0,
20 ஈ֊తͳΞϥΠϝϯτͷਖ਼ੑ max s.t. ຊݚڀͷ࠷దԽ ຊݚڀͷ࠷ద-.ํࡦ ɺҎԼͷؔΛຬͨ͢ ࠷దͳϥάϥϯδϡ 𝜆⋆Ͱɺ ใुͱ҆શੑΛॏΈ
˞ݫີͳূ໌จΛ͝ཡ͍͚ͨͩΔͱ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
21 ஈ֊తͳΞϥΠϝϯτͷਖ਼ੑ ใुʹؔͯ͠ ΞϥΠϝϯτ͞Εͨ-.ํࡦ ҆શؔ max s.t. ຊݚڀͷ࠷దԽ ຊݚڀͷ࠷ద-.ํࡦ ɺҎԼͷؔΛຬͨ͢
ஈ֊తͳΞϥΠϝϯτ͕ਖ਼Խ͞Ε͍ͯΔʂॱ൪ٯͰ 0,
22 4"$10ͷϝϦοτ %10 ≻ 1SFGFSFODFEBUB ,50 ใुϞσϧ ΞϥΠϝϯτ ͞ΕͨݴޠϞσϧ 4"$10ͷ֤εςοϓͰ৭ʑͳΞϧΰϦζϜͷબࢶ͕͋Δʂ
ใुʢ༗༻ੑʣ ,50ɾ҆શੑ %10ͱ͔ 0,ʂ ΞϧΰϦζϜͷॊೈੑ ˠ σʔληοτͷॊೈੑ
23 4"$10ͷ • 4"$10ɺ·ͩҰݸେ͖ͳ՝͕͋Δ • ༗༻ੑʹؔͯ͠ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠ޙɺ͞Βʹ҆શੑʹؔͯ͠ΞϥΠϝϯτ͢Δঢ়گΛߟ͑Δ ใुʢ༗༻ੑʣ ʹؔ͢Δσʔληοτ ҆શੑʹؔ͢Δ σʔληοτ
ΞϥΠϝϯτલ ͷݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑͱ҆શੑ྆ํʹؔͯ͠ ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠ ݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑʹؔͯ͠ ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠ ݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑͱ҆શੑΛόϥϯε ͤ͞ΔͨΊͷύϥϝʔλ 𝝀
24 4"$10ͷ • φΠʔϒͳղ๏ɿʮЕߋ৽ ˠ ํࡦ࠷దԽʯΛ܁Γฦ͢ • ݴޠϞσϧͷΞϥΠϝϯτͷ߹ɺʮЕߋ৽ ˠ ํࡦ࠷దԽʯԿͨ͘͠ͳ͍ʂ
• ֶश͕࣌ؒେɾํࡦͷධՁ͕ෆ҆ఆ͔ͭߴίετ ใुʢ༗༻ੑʣ ʹؔ͢Δσʔληοτ ҆શੑʹؔ͢Δ σʔληοτ ΞϥΠϝϯτલ ͷݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑͱ҆શੑ྆ํʹؔͯ͠ ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠ ݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑʹؔͯ͠ ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠ ݴޠϞσϧ ༗༻ੑͱ҆શੑΛόϥϯε ͤ͞ΔͨΊͷύϥϝʔλ 𝝀
ઉա͗ͯൃݴ ͨ·ʹͪ͠Ό͏ େ͖Ίͷ 𝜆 Ͱ ΞϥΠϝϯτ 25 ࣮༻తͳ4"$10ʢ14"$10ʣ ༗༻ੑʹؔͯ͠ͷΈ ΞϥΠϝϯτͨ͠
ݴޠϞσϧ ҆શੑʹؔͯ͠อकత ʹ࠶ͼΞϥΠϝϯτ ͨ͠ݴޠϞσϧ ઢܗͷϞσϧϚʔδ ʢϞσϧͷॏΈΛ͚ͩ͢ʣ ΄ͲΑ҆͘શੑΛ ߟྀͨ͠Ϟσϧ ໓ଟʹൃݴ͠ͳ͍͚ Ͳɺޱ͕গͳ͗͢Δ ࠞ߹ׂ߹Λௐ͢Δ͜ͱʹ Αͬͯɺ҆શੑΛ੍ޚ͢Δʂ
26 ࣮ݧ݁Ռ • 4BGF3-)'ʢ࠷ॏཁͳطଘݚڀʣͱൺֱ • 4'5Ϟσϧɿ"MQBDBC σʔληοτɿ1,64BGF3-)', • ධՁࢦඪ •
3FXBSE ༗༻ͳจষΛग़ྗͰ͖Δ͔ 4BGFUZ ༗ͳจষΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍͔ • ྫ͑ 4'5Ϟσϧ࠷ॳˣͷΑ͏ͳײ͡ɻ • ͜ͷϞσϧΛɺ༗༻ੑɾ҆શੑͷόϥϯεΛऔΓͳ͕Βɺ͍͔ʹ্खʹΞϥΠϝϯτ͢Δ͔Λڝ͏ %PYJOHͷํ๏Λϖϥϖϥ ڭ͑ͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔ
27 ࣮ݧ݁Ռʢ8JOSBUFWT4'5Ϟσϧʣ • ))FMQGVMOFTT 44BGFUZ
28 ࣮ݧ݁Ռʢ8JOSBUFWT4'5Ϟσϧʣ • ))FMQGVMOFTT 44BGFUZ • ࣈɿЌЕʢখ͍͞΄Ͳ҆શੑॏࢹʣ • %10 )
ˠ %10 4 ͱ ,50 ) ˠ %10 4 4BGF3-)'ΑΓ༗༻ੑɾ҆શੑͷ໘Ͱߴੑೳ • %10 ) ˠ ,50 4 ͷੑೳ͕͍ͷಾ • ,50҆શੑʹؔ͢ΔΞϥΠϝϯτͱ૬ੑ͕ѱ͍ʁ
࣮ݧ݁Ռʢ8JOSBUFWT4'5Ϟσϧʣ • ))FMQGVMOFTT 44BGFUZ • ΞϥΠϝϯτͷॱ൪ΛೖΕସ͑ • %10 4 ˠ
%10 ) ͱ %10 ) ˠ %10 4 ͕ ಉͷੑೳ • ࣮ཧͱ߹͕औΕ͍ͯΔ 29
30 ࣮ݧ݁Ռʢ8JOSBUFWT4'5Ϟσϧʣ • ))FMQGVMOFTT 44BGFUZ • ࣈɿϞσϧϚʔδͷׂ߹ʢେ͖͍΄Ͳ҆શੑॏࢹʣ • /BÏWF%10 )
ͱ %10 4 ΛϚʔδ • 14"$10ɺ%10 ) ͱ %10 ) ˠ %10 4 ΛϚʔδ • %10 ) ˠ %10 4 աʹ҆શʢʣ
31 ࣮ݧ݁Ռʢ࣮ࡍͷੜʣ <ΞϥΠϝϯτલ> %PYJOHͷํ๏Λϖϥϖϥ ڭ͑ͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔ <ΞϥΠϝϯτޙ> %PYJOHͷྙཧతΛ ٞͯ͠ஸॏʹஅ͍ͬͯΔ
32 ·ͱΊɿ5BLF)PNF.FTTBHFT • ධՁࢦඪͷҟͳΔෳͷσʔληοτ͕͋Δͱ͢Δ • ͦΕͧΕͷσʔληοτΛ༻͍ͯ %10 ,50Ͱஈ֊తʹద༻͢Δͷɺ ཧతʹਖ਼͍͠ %BUBTFU
SFGFSFODF -. "MJHOFE-.ᶃ "MJHOFE-.ᶄ %BUBTFU 𝑓" 𝑓# • Ξϊςʔλʔ͕જࡏతʹͭ ؔ 𝑓& ͱ 𝑓' ͷઢܗʹ ؔ͢ΔΞϥΠϝϯτʹ૬ • ؔ 𝑓& ͱ 𝑓' Λɺ𝛽' ɿ𝛽& ͷ ׂ߹ͰॏΈ͚ • ύϥϝʔλͷௐ͕େมͳͱ ͖ϞσϧϚʔδ͕ʹཱͭ 𝛽" 𝛽#
33 ิʢ̍ʣ ,-ͷఆٛ max{𝑋 − 𝛽𝑌} = min{Y − X/𝛽}ʢ𝛽
> 0ʣ MPHͱ FYQͷؔ log 𝑋 1/𝑍 − log 𝑍 = log 𝑋 =
34 ิʢ̎ʣ લϖʔδͷଓ͖ = ,-ͷఆٛ = 𝑍 𝑥 ͷΈʹґଘ͢Δؔ
ͳͷͰ min ! ʹؔͳ͠ Ϊϒεͷෆ͔ࣜΒ ,-Λ࠷খԽ͢Δ 𝜋 𝜋 = 𝜋∗ 𝜋∗ ͷఆٛ