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Ruby 2.1
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Benjamin Tan Wei Hao
January 21, 2014
Programming
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300
Ruby 2.1
Gave this talk during January 2014 Singapore Ruby Brigade meetup.
Benjamin Tan Wei Hao
January 21, 2014
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Transcript
Ruby 2.1 Benjamin Tan Wei Hao (@bentanweihao)!
None
None
What's New?! 1. Rational Number & Complex ! Number Literals
! 2. def‘s return value! 3. Refinements! 4. Required Keyword Arguments! 5. Garbage Collector! 6. Object Allocation Tracing!
BUT FIRST!
Getting Ruby 2.1
RVM! $ rvm get head! $ rvm install ruby-2.1.0! $
rvm use ruby-2.1.0!
RBENV! $ rbenv install 2.1.0! $ rbenv rehash! $ rbenv
global 2.1.0!
what's new?
What's New?! 1. Rational Number & Complex ! Number Literals
! 2. def‘s return value! 3. Refinements! 4. Required Keyword Arguments! 5. Garbage Collector! 6. Object Allocation Tracing!
Complex/ Rational Literals
Complex Literals! > Complex(2, 3)! => (2+3i)! < Ruby 2.1
Complex Literals! > (2 + 3i)! => (2+3i)! > (2
+ 3i) + Complex(5, 4i)! => (3+3i)! > Complex(2, 3)! => (2+3i)! < Ruby 2.1 Ruby 2.1
Rational Literals! > 2/3.0 + 5/4.0! => 1.91666666666665! < Ruby
2.1
Rational Literals! > 2/3r + 5/4r! => (23/12)! > 2/3.0
+ 5/4.0! => 1.91666666666665! < Ruby 2.1 Ruby 2.1
def's return value
def's return value! > def foo; end! => nil! <
Ruby 2.1
def's return value! > def foo; end! => :foo! >
def foo; end! => nil! < Ruby 2.1 Ruby 2.1
def's return value! module Foo! def public_method! end! ! private
# <- this sucks! def a_private_method! end! end!
None
def's return value! module Foo! def public_method! end! ! private
def some_other_method! end! ! private def a_private_method! end! end! ! Foo.private_instance_methods! => [:some_other_method, :a_private_method]!
def's return value! module Foo! def public_method! end! ! private
def some_other_method! end! ! private def a_private_method! end! end! ! Foo.private_instance_methods! => [:some_other_method, :a_private_method]!
Refinements
Refinements are no longer experimental.!
Refinements! class String! def count! Float::INFINITY! end! end!
Refinements let's us scope our modifications!
Defining a Refinement! module Permalinker! refine String do! def permalinkify!
downcase.split.join("-")! end! end! end! !
Using a Refinement! module Permalinker! refine String do! def permalinkify!
downcase.split.join("-")! end! end! end! ! class Post! ->using Permalinker! ! def initialize(title)! @title = title! end! ! def permalink! @title.permalinkify! end! end!
Using a Refinement! module Permalinker! refine String do! def permalinkify!
downcase.split.join("-")! end! end! end! ! class Post! using Permalinker! ! def initialize(title)! @title = title! end! ! def permalink! ->@title.permalinkify! end! end!
Required Keyword ArGS
Required Keyword Args! def permalinkfiy(str, delimiter: "-")! str.downcase.split.join(delimiter)! end! <
Ruby 2.1 Question: How do we make str required?!
Required Keyword Args! def permalinkfiy(str:, delimiter: "-")! str.downcase.split.join(delimiter)! end! Ruby
2.1
Required Keyword Args! > permalinkify(delimiter: "-lol-")! ArgumentError: missing keyword: str!
from (irb):49! from /usr/local/var/rbenv/ versions/2.1.0/bin/irb:11:in `<main>'!
RGengc Restricted Generational Garbage Collector!
Ruby 1.8: Simple M&S! Credits: http://tmm1.net/ruby21-rgengc/!
Ruby 1.9.3: Lazy Sweep! Credits: http://tmm1.net/ruby21-rgengc/!
Ruby 2.0: Bitmap for COW-Safety! Credits: http://tmm1.net/ruby21-rgengc/!
Ruby 2.1: RGenGC! Credits: http://tmm1.net/ruby21-rgengc/!
Generational GC! Key Idea:! ! Objects that are most recently
created often die young.!
Generational GC! • split objects into young and old based
on whether they survive a garbage collection run.! • concentrate on freeing up memory on the young generation.!
Why "Restricted"?! • still using Mark and Sweep to garbage
collect young/ old generations! • preserve compatibility with C extensions!
None
Ojbect Allocation Tracing
require 'objspace'! ! class Post! def initialize(title)! @title = title!
end! ! def tags! %w(ruby programming code).map do |tag|! tag.upcase! end! end! end!
ObjectSpace.trace_object_allocations_start! a = Post.new("title")! b = a.tags! ObjectSpace.trace_object_allocations_stop! ! !
ObjectSpace.allocation_sourcefile(b) # post.rb! ObjectSpace.allocation_sourceline(b) # ObjectSpace.allocation_class_path(b) # Array! ObjectSpace.allocation_method_id(b) # map! Object Allocation Tracing!
Ojbect Allocation Tracing gives only raw data.!
gem install allocation_stats! https://github.com/srawlins/ allocation_stats!
require 'allocation_stats'! ! class Post! def initialize(title)! @title = title!
end! ! def tags! %w(ruby programming code).map do |tag|! tag.upcase! end! end! end! ! stats = AllocationStats.trace do! post = Post.new("title")! post.tags! end! ! puts stats.allocations(alias_paths: true).to_text!
sourcefile sourceline class_path method_id memsize class! ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------- ------! post.rb 10 String upcase 0 String! post.rb 10 String upcase 0 String! post.rb 10 String upcase 0 String! post.rb 9 Array map 0 Array! post.rb 9 Post tags 0 Array! post.rb 9 Post tags 0 String! post.rb 9 Post tags 0 String! post.rb 9 Post tags 0 String! post.rb 17 Class new 0 Post! post.rb 17 0 String! Object Allocation Tracing!
None
gem install allocation_stats! https://github.com/srawlins/ allocation_stats!
What's New?! 1. Rational Number & Complex ! Number Literals
! 2. def‘s return value! 3. Refinements! 4. Required Keyword Arguments! 5. Garbage Collector! 6. Object Allocation Tracing!
USE Ruby 2.1!
FOllow me on twitter! @bentanweihao!
http://www.exotpbook.com/! Learn to build your own concurrent, distributed web application
– The fun & easy way!
Thanks! <3 @bentanweihao benjamintanweihao.github.io!