Cross-platform Mobile Applications with C# and .NET

NEBytes User Group 2012 - 15th August 2012

Transcript

1. Cross-platform Mobile Applications with C# and .NET NEBytes User Group 15th August 2012
2. Chris Hardy • C# Contractor • Work with Xamarin • Write some books • First spoke about MonoTouch in January 2010 • http://twitter.com/chrisntr
3. What is Mono? • Open source implementation of the .NET platform, based on ECMA 334/335 • 2001: Created to bring Windows applications to Linux • 2003: Acquired by Novell with Ximian • Matured at Novell in research mode; now a world-class runtime.
4. C# IronRuby IronPython Visual Basic F#
6. May 2011: Attachmate • May 2nd: Attachmate buys Novell - Mono team laid off • Xamarin founded 2 weeks later • Angry Mono customers pressure Novell to cooperate with Xamarin • Xamarin secures a perpetual license to all Mono IP: copyrights, patents and trademarks
7. C# IronRuby IronPython Visual Basic F#
8. Xamarin
9. Xamarin • Team of around 47 people • Over 150,000 downloads • Over 7,500 paid users • $12m Series A investment
10. MonoTouch
11. What is MonoTouch? • C# on iOS devices (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPads) What MonoTouch is not... • Silverlight for iOS devices • Compact Framework for iOS devices • iOS development without a Mac • A meta-platform
12. xamarin.com/apps/all
13. Commercial Product • Free for Simulator-only • $399 for Professional License (Requires Apple Dev License) • $999 for Enterprise License (Requires Apple Dev License Pro/Ent) • $2499 for Enterprise Priority License (Requires Apple Dev License Pro/Ent)
14. Demo Tweeting with MonoTouch
15. MonoTouch APIs .NET APIs Native APIs 3rd Party mscorlib System System.Core (LINQ) System.Data Mono.Data.Sqlite System.ServiceModel System.Json System.Web.Services (WCF) System.Xml System.Xml.Linq AddressBook/ AddressBookUI AudioToolbox/ AVFoundation CoreAnimation CoreGraphics CoreLocation EventKit/EventKitUI ExternalAccessory GameKit MapKit NewsstandKit StoreKit Twitter UIKit And so on.... OpenTK OpenGL OpenAL SQLite MonoGame RestSharp Json.NET ServiceStack Steema TeeChart Flurry Analytics RedLaser And so on...
16. Strong Types • Objective-C Arrays are weakly typed: NSArray return values. • MonoTouch has strong types: UIView[] Subviews { get; } vs NSArray *subviews; • Code Completion - explore the API...
17. MonoTouch Events • Supports Objective-C pattern (including blocks): webView.Delegate = new MyWebViewDelegate(); • C# style events as well: webView.PageLoaded += delegate { HideSpinningWheel(); }
18. Garbage Collection x2 • Automatic: • Mono’s GC will collect objects on demand • Deterministic: • Use when you need control. • Every object in MonoTouch implements IDisposable using (var image = UIImage.FromFile(“foo.png”)){ surface.DrawImage(image, 20, 20); }
19. MonoTouch Designer Integration • Integrates with Interface Builder inside of Xcode 4 • Supports Storyboards
20. Demo Xcode Integration
21. Using Third Party Libraries
22. Objective-C Library • Download the .a static library and header file • Run parse/btouch command to create a self contained .dll • Add reference to the project • Include any resources that are required
23. Rebuild your libraries • Can’t just use any DLL • Re-compile for each lib • Each framework has its own class library .NET Libraries
24. Mono for Android
25. What is Mono for Android? • C# on Android devices What Mono for Android is not... • Silverlight for Android devices • Compact Framework for Android devices • Supported for Linux • A meta-platform
26. xamarin.com/apps/all
27. • Available on Windows and Mac • First-class VS 2010 Support • MonoDevelop on Windows and Mac • JIT (Just in Time compilation) • Potential to support all .NET languages • Shared Runtime for Development • APK for release includes Mono + Linked Assemblies Mono for Android
28. Mono for Android Architecture
29. Mono for Android APIs .NET APIs Native APIs 3rd Party mscorlib System System.Core (LINQ) System.Data Mono.Data.Sqlite System.ServiceModel System.Json System.Web.Services (WCF) System.Xml System.Xml.Linq Android.Accounts Android.App.* Android.Bluetooth Android.Content.* Android.Database Android.Graphics Android.Hardware Android.Locations Android.Net.* Android.Nfc Android.Text Android.Util Android.Views.* Android.Widget Java.Lang.* Java.Util.* And so on.... OpenTK OpenGL OpenAL SQLite MonoGame RestSharp Json.NET ServiceStack Steema TeeChart And so on...
30. Commercial Product • Free for Simulator-only • $399 for Professional License • $999 for Enterprise License • $2499 for Enterprise Priority License
31. Xamarin Designer for Android
32. Xamarin Designer for Android
33. x86 Emulator Support • Much faster deployment • Debugging is almost instant • Only supported on Intel • Provided by Google
34. Demo Mono for Android
35. MonoTouch and Mono for Android Features
36. Features • MonoDevelop iPhone/Android Add-In • Visual Studio support for Android • monotouch.dll / monoandroid.dll • Full static AOT compiler / Allow JIT for Android • Support for all your existing code • Reflection • Generics • LINQ • Anonymous Methods • Lambda’s etc...
37. Linker and the application size...
38. What about App Size? • 50 MB (compressed) limit on 3G/Edge downloads • .Net BCL and other libraries are huge • Mono Linker to the rescue!
39. Linking Assemblies
40. What about App Size? • iOS - ~2.6MB Compressed...ish • Android - ~2.6MB Compressed...ish
41. Cross platform with MonoTouch, Mono for Android, WP7
42. Win/WP7 WPF Silverlight OSX MonoMac C# Plus ECMA languages .NET iOS MonoTouch Android Mono for Android Mono Business Logic and Middleware (engine, core and 3rd party) Native UI APIs Runtime OS Code sharing and native experience
43. MWC 2012 http://bit.ly/mwc2012xamarin
44. MWC 2012 • 1,635 Lines of shared code - 771 for ORM • iPhone + iPad (2,476 LOC / 2 Apps) - 57% Re-use • Android (1,095 LOC) - 60% Re-use • Windows Phone 7 (896 LOC) - 65% Re-use
45. Techniques for Cross Platform Code 1. Portable Library Tools 2. Linking Files 3. Project Linker 4. Xamarin.Mobile
46. Portable Library Tools http://bit.ly/portablelibrarytools
47. Portable Library Tools • Pros • One class library to rule them all • Common subset across all platforms • Cons • No Pre-processor Directives • No platform specific-code • Limited API set - no System.Xml.Linq or System.Net.WebClient
48. Demo Telephone Converter
49. Linking Files
50. Demo Twitter App
51. Project Linker http://bit.ly/projectlinkervs
52. Project Linker • Pros • Auto-link files between projects • Cons • Does not work with MonoDevelop • Must have all projects in the same solution
53. Xamarin.Mobile
54. http://xamarin.com/mobileapi
55. StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); String lineSep = System.getProperty("line.separator"); ContentResolver content = getContentResolver(); Cursor ncursor = null; try { ncursor = content.query (ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE, ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY, ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME }, ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE + "=? AND " + ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.FAMILY_NAME + "=?", new String[] { ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, "Eric" }, null); while (ncursor.moveToNext()) { builder.append (ncursor.getString(ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME)) + lineSep); String lookupKey = ncursor.getString (ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY)); Cursor dcursor = null; try { dcursor = content.query (ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER, ContactsContract.Data.DATA1 }, ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY + "=?", new String[] { lookupKey }, null); while (dcursor.moveToNext()) { String type = dcursor.getString (ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE)); if (type.equals (ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)) builder.append ("Phone: " + dcursor.getString(dcursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)) + lineSep); else if (type.equals (ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)) builder.append ("Email: " + dcursor.getString(dcursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA1)) + lineSep); } builder.append(lineSep); } finally { if (dcursor != null) dcursor.close(); } } } finally { if (ncursor != null) ncursor.close(); } t.setText(builder.toString());
56. var builder = new StringBuilder(); var abook = new AddressBook(this); foreach (Contact c in abook.Where (c => c.FirstName == "Eric" && c.Phones.Any())) { builder.AppendLine (c.DisplayName); foreach (Phone p in c.Phones) builder.AppendLine (String.Format ("{0}: {1}", p.Label, p.Number)); builder.AppendLine(); } Console.WriteLine (builder.ToString());
57. StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); String lineSep = System.getProperty("line.separator"); ContentResolver content = getContentResolver(); Cursor ncursor = null; try { ncursor = content.query (ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE, ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY, ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME }, ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE + "=? AND " + ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.FAMILY_NAME + "=?", new String[] { ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, "Eric" }, null); while (ncursor.moveToNext()) { builder.append (ncursor.getString(ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME)) + lineSep); String lookupKey = ncursor.getString (ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY)); Cursor dcursor = null; try { dcursor = content.query (ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER, ContactsContract.Data.DATA1 }, ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY + "=?", new String[] { lookupKey }, null); while (dcursor.moveToNext()) { String type = dcursor.getString (ncursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE)); if (type.equals (ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)) builder.append ("Phone: " + dcursor.getString(dcursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)) + lineSep); else if (type.equals (ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE)) builder.append ("Email: " + dcursor.getString(dcursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA1)) + lineSep); } builder.append(lineSep); } finally { if (dcursor != null) dcursor.close(); } } } finally { if (ncursor != null) ncursor.close(); } t.setText(builder.toString()); Manually in Java
58. var builder = new StringBuilder(); var abook = new AddressBook(this); foreach (Contact c in abook.Where (c => c.FirstName == "Eric" && c.Phones.Any())) { builder.AppendLine (c.DisplayName); foreach (Phone p in c.Phones) builder.AppendLine (String.Format ("{0}: {1}", p.Label, p.Number)); builder.AppendLine(); } Console.WriteLine (builder.ToString()); Xamarin.Mobile for Android
59. var builder = new StringBuilder(); var abook = new AddressBook(); foreach (Contact c in abook.Where (c => c.FirstName == "Eric" && c.Phones.Any())) { builder.AppendLine (c.DisplayName); foreach (Phone p in c.Phones) builder.AppendLine (String.Format ("{0}: {1}", p.Label, p.Number)); builder.AppendLine(); } Console.WriteLine (builder.ToString()); Xamarin.Mobile for iOS
60. var builder = new StringBuilder(); var abook = new AddressBook(); foreach (Contact c in abook.Where (c => c.FirstName == "Eric" && c.Phones.Any())) { builder.AppendLine (c.DisplayName); foreach (Phone p in c.Phones) builder.AppendLine (String.Format ("{0}: {1}", p.Label, p.Number)); builder.AppendLine(); } Console.WriteLine (builder.ToString()); Xamarin.Mobile for Windows Phone 7.1
61. Taking this further MonoCross MVVMCross
62. MonoCross • MVC framework where Model and Controller are shared • Open Source (MIT License) • Views are native to the individual platform • www.monocross.net
63. MVVMCross • MonoCross for MVVM pattern • Open Source (MS-PL) • Separation of Concerns • Designability/Testability • Cross-platform code re-use • github.com/slodge/MvvmCross
64. More resources? • http://docs.xamarin.com • Forums / Mailing Lists • StackOverflow • contact@xamarin.com • twitter.com/xamarinhq
65. Creating amazing applications!
66. Q & A Thanks!