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グリーンマイニングが Bitcoin プロトコルに及ぼす影響 / Impact of Gree...
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Kenji Saito
PRO
November 21, 2024
Technology
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17
グリーンマイニングが Bitcoin プロトコルに及ぼす影響 / Impact of Green Mining on the Bitcoin Protocol
2024年11月21日(木)、オンラインで開催された DASF (自律分散社会フォーラム) の定例ミーティングで使用したスライドです。
Kenji Saito
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November 21, 2024
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Transcript
Bitcoin green mininig — generated by Stable Diffusion XL v1.0
Bitcoin ( ) Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.1/18
Bitcoin : ( ) ( ) Bitcoin Work in Progress
Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.2/18
Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.3/18
( ) ೖྗ σδλϧͳΒԿͰΑ͍σʔλͷू߹ ແݶ ग़ྗ CJU ͳͲݻఆͷͷू߹ ༗ݶ ग़ྗʮμΠδΣετʯͱݺΕΔ
খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ 4)"ͳͲͷؔ 4)"4FDVSF)BTI"MHPSJUIN Ұ༷ʹ ϋογϡؔͷੑ࣭ ภͬͯ Ϛοϐϯάʹ๏ଇੑ͕ແ͍Α͏ʹݟ͑ɺ ˠͷํʹ҆ՁʹܭࢉͰ͖Δ͕ɺ ٯͷํʹܭࢉͰ͖ͳ͍ Ұํੑ ҉߸ֶతϋογϡؔͷੑ࣭ ແݶΛ༗ݶʹϚοϐϯά͢ΔͷͰɺҟͳΔೖྗ͕ ಉ͡ग़ྗ݁ՌʹͳΔ߹͘͝رʹ͋Δ িಥ িಥ ͤ͞Δํ๏ ͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨ҉߸ֶతϋογϡ ؔ҆શͱݟͳ͞Εͳ͍ Bitcoin SHA-256d Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.4/18
( ) ൿີ伴 伴ϖΞ ͋Β͔͡Ί ੜ ൿີʹӅ࣋ͭ͠ ͋Β͔͡Ί͓͍ͯͯ͠Α͍ ॺ໊Λ࡞ͬͨͷެ։伴ʹ ରԠ͢Δൿີ伴Λ͑Δ୭
͔ ͢ͳΘͪॺ໊ऀ ͩ͠ɺ ݩͷσʔλॺ໊ޙCJU มΘͬ ͍ͯͳ͍ ͜ͷΈ͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊʹɺ ड͚औͬͨެ։伴͕ຊʹॺ໊ऀͷͷ Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏ԿΒ͔ͷূ໌͕ඞཁ ʲॺ໊ΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗݩͷσʔλɺ ൿີ伴 ग़ྗॺ໊ ʲॺ໊ݕূΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗݩͷσʔλɺ ॺ໊ɺ ެ։伴 ग़ྗ0,·ͨ/( ެ։伴 ॺ໊ऀ ॺ໊ ΞϧΰϦζϜ ॺ໊ݕূ ΞϧΰϦζϜ 0, ·ͨ /( Πϯλʔωοτ ݕূऀ ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ެ։ ެ։伴 ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ݩͷ σʔλ ݩͷ σʔλ ॺ໊ ॺ໊ Bitcoin ECDSA ( ) Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.5/18
ϒϩοΫ O ࣌ؒ ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ
σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫ O ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫͷμΠδΣετ ͦͷϒϩοΫΛҰҙʹࣔ͢ ࣝผࢠͱͯ͠༻͍ΒΕΔ औҾσʔλͷআͰϒϩοΫͷ ༰͕มΘΕɺͦͷμΠδΣετ มΘΔͷͰɺໃ६͕ੜ͡Δ औҾσʔλʹૹ৴ऀͷσδλϧ ॺ໊͕͍͍ͯΔͷͰվ͟Μ ࠔ͕ͩɺऔҾσʔλΛؙ͝ͱ আ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δ ࣍ͷϒϩοΫʹμΠδΣετ͕ ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱͰɺखલͷ ϒϩοΫͷ༰ϩοΫ͞Εͯ ͍Δͱݴ͑Δ͕ʜ ܨ͕͍ͬͯΔϒϩοΫͷϔομʔ ͷதͷμΠδΣετΛ࣍ʑͱॻ͖ ͍͚͑ͯໃ६ͳ͘վ͟ΜͰ͖ ΔͷͰɺϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δ͜ͱࣗମ ʹେ͖ͳίετΛඞཁʹͯ͠कΔ Proof of Work ( ) : ( ) Bitcoin 2,016 ( 2 ) ( ) bitcoin 100 ( 17 ) Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.6/18
( ) > ( ) → ( ) → <
( ) ( ) → ( ) → ⇒ Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.7/18
Bitcoin (∼2024 11 ) Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.8/18
Bitcoin 17GW DASF 50% Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.9/18
Bitcoin https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/charts/hash-rate 750,000,000 TH/s → 750EH/s or 7.5 H/s https://minerstat.com/hardware/asics
TH/W T H s·W → T H·s s·J TH/J 10 SHA-256(d) mining ASIC : 0.045TH/J 750,000,000 TH/s ÷ 0.045 TH/J = 16,666,666,666.6667 W ≈ 17GW 660GW 5.5kW 17GW 310 Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.10/18
-12 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
9 11 Time Zone (UTC-relative) Capacity (GW) Bitcoin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Solar power by country ( ) 17GW (13 ) Bitcoin 13 Bitcoin 1 4 4.25GW 29 UTC Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.11/18
Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.12/18
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Hour of the
Day Relative Hash Rate 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Total Rate (+2.0) Total Rate (+1.0) Total Rate (+0.5) Baseline Rate άϦʔϯϚΠχϯάͷϦϓϨʔε͕ ى͖ͨͱߟ͑ΕϕʔεϥΠϯԼ͢Δ 1 0.5 1.0 2.0 1 : 12 , : 2 2,016 . . . 0.5 ( 1.1 ) 11 7.3 1.0 ( 1.21 ) 12.1 6.1 2.0 ( 1.42 ) 14.2 4.7 Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.13/18
: DAA (Difficulty Adjustment Algorithm) 2,016 BitcoinCash Bitcoin — 2024-11-21
– p.14/18
51% Bitcoin 50% Bitcoin ( ) 50% selfish mining (
) Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.15/18
100 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Hour of
the Day Relative Hash Rate 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Total Rate (+2.0) Total Rate (+1.0) Total Rate (+0.5) Baseline Rate άϦʔϯϚΠχϯάͷϦϓϨʔε͕ ى͖ͨͱߟ͑ΕϕʔεϥΠϯԼ͢Δ ϒϩοΫ ϒϩοΫ ߈ܸΛ։࢝ తΛୡ ϒϩοΫ ( ) Bitcoin 2 1∼2 1∼2 17 DAA Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.16/18
: 100 block rule → 144 block rule 100 144
bitcoin Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.17/18
(1) DAA (2) selfish mining (3) bitcoin 100 144 Bitcoin
Bitcoin — 2024-11-21 – p.18/18