Sass

A quick introduction to the Sass CSS pre-processor, originally presented at Refresh Rochester in June 2013

Transcript

1. Sass Nathan Henderson Refresh Rochester – 6/25/2013
2. CSS & pre-processors
3. Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets
4. Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets
5. http://sass-lang.com
6. Sass Basics
7. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; } #contents #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #contents #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; } #contents #main h2 { color: blue; } #footer { height: 200px; } CSS body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; } #contents #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #contents #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; } #contents #main h2 { color: blue; } #footer { height: 200px; } Nested CSS
8. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; } #contents #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #contents #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; } #contents #main h2 { color: blue; } #footer { height: 200px; } Nested CSS
9. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; } #contents #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #contents #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; } #contents #main h2 { color: blue; } #footer { height: 200px; } Nested CSS
10. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS • SCSS = “Sassy CSS” • Default Sass syntax • Superset of CSS3 (CSS is SCSS!) • Nested selectors
11. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS • SCSS = “Sassy CSS” • Default Sass syntax • Superset of CSS3 (CSS is SCSS!) • Nested selectors • Nested properties too
12. • SCSS = “Sassy CSS” • Default Sass syntax • Superset of CSS3 (CSS is SCSS!) • Nested selectors • Nested properties too body { font: { family: sans-serif; size: 30em; weight: bold; } } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS
13. • SCSS = “Sassy CSS” • Default Sass syntax • Superset of CSS3 (CSS is SCSS!) • Nested selectors • Nested properties too • Indentation isn’t required, but… body { font: { family: sans-serif; size: 30em; weight: bold; } } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS
14. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px Sass
15. body { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 30em; font-weight: bold; } #contents { width: 800px; #sidebar { float: right; width: 200px; } #main { width: 600px; background: #eeeeee; h2 { color: blue; } } } #footer { height: 200px; } SCSS body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px Sass
16. • “Sass” or “indented” syntax • White space aware (2 space soft tabs are your friends) • Completely optional (I know, it’s not for everybody) body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px Sass
17. The Good Stuff
18. The Good Stuff ✦ Variables
19. Variables body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px // Variable Definitions $page-width: 800px $sidebar-width: 200px $primary-color: #eeeeee
20. Variables body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px // Variable Definitions $page-width: 800px $sidebar-width: 200px $primary-color: #eeeeee body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: ??? background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px
21. Variables body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px // Variable Definitions $page-width: 800px $sidebar-width: 200px $primary-color: #eeeeee body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: ??? background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px
22. Variables body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px // Variable Definitions $page-width: 800px $sidebar-width: 200px $primary-color: #eeeeee body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: ??? background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: $page-width - $sidebar-width background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px
23. Variables body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: 800px #sidebar float: right width: 200px #main width: 600px background: #eeeeee h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px // Variable Definitions $page-width: 800px $sidebar-width: 200px $primary-color: #eeeeee body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: ??? background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px body font-family: sans-serif font-size: 30em font-weight: bold #contents width: $page-width #sidebar float: right width: $sidebar-width #main width: $page-width - $sidebar-width background: $primary-color h2 color: blue #footer height: 200px MATH
24. Real World Example
25. Real World Example // Dimensions $page_width: 960px $nav_tabs: 6 // number of navigation tabs $tab_width: round($page_width / $nav_tabs) - 1
26. Real World Example // Dimensions $page_width: 960px $nav_tabs: 7 // number of navigation tabs $tab_width: round($page_width / $nav_tabs) - 1
27. Real World Example // Dimensions $page_width: 960px $nav_tabs: 7 // number of navigation tabs $tab_width: round($page_width / $nav_tabs) - 1
28. Using Variables ✦ Colors ✦ Font Stacks ✦ Margins & Padding ✦ Border widths ✦ Border radii
29. The Good Stuff ✦ Variables ✦ Mixins
30. Mixins @mixin large-text font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif font-size: 20px font-weight: bold color: #ff0000
31. Mixins @mixin large-text font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif font-size: 20px font-weight: bold color: #ff0000 #content h1 @include large-text
32. More Mixins @mixin ez-border($width, $color) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color
33. More Mixins @mixin ez-border($width, $color) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color #aboutbox @include ez-border(2px, #eee)
34. More Mixins @mixin ez-border($width, $color) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color #aboutbox @include ez-border(2px, #eee) @mixin ez-border($width: 2px, $color: #eee) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color #aboutbox @include ez-border
35. More Mixins @mixin ez-border($width, $color) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color #aboutbox @include ez-border(2px, #eee) @mixin ez-border($width: 2px, $color: #eee) border-width: $width border-style: solid border-color: $color #aboutbox @include ez-border #aboutbox @include ez-border(1px, #444)
36. Fun with Mixins ✦ Mixin definitions can include other mixins ✦ Try the ‘&’ parent selector ✦ Global variables in mixins
37. The Good Stuff ✦ Variables ✦ Mixins ✦ Selector Inheritance “@extend”
38. @extend <div class="alert criticalAlert"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div> .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808
39. @extend <div class="alert criticalAlert"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div> .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert @extend .alert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808
40. @extend <div class="alert criticalAlert"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div> .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 <div class="criticalAlert"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div> .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert @extend .alert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808
41. Multiple @extends .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 .greatGooglyMoogly @extend .alert @extend .criticalAlert border-style: dashed <div class="greatGooglyMoogly"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div>
42. Multiple @extends .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 .greatGooglyMoogly @extend .alert @extend .criticalAlert border-style: dashed <div class="greatGooglyMoogly"> Oh snap! The roof is on fire! </div> .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 .greatGooglyMoogly @extend .alert, .criticalAlert border-style: dashed
43. @extend vs. Mixins @extend modifies selectors, mixins add properties & values .alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert @extend .alert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 Sass Input (@extend) .alert, .criticalAlert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 CSS Output
44. @extend vs. Mixins @extend modifies selectors, mixins add properties & values @mixin alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert @mixin alert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 Sass Input (@mixin) .criticalAlert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 CSS Output
45. Placeholder selector %-prefixed selectors don’t get rendered to CSS %alert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert @extend %alert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 Sass Input .criticalAlert border: 1px #f00 background-color: #eee .criticalAlert border-width: 3px color: #8a0808 CSS Output
46. The Good Stuff ✦ Variables ✦ Mixins ✦ Selector Inheritance “@extend” ✦ Other goodies
47. Parent Selector a font-weight: bold text-decoration: none a:hover text-decoration: underline
48. Parent Selector a font-weight: bold text-decoration: none a:hover text-decoration: underline a font-weight: bold text-decoration: none &:hover text-decoration: underline
49. @import & Partials @import "rounded-corners", "text-shadow" filenames that start with an underscore won’t be compiled into the output directory _rounded-corners.sass _text-shadow.sass
50. Installing and Using Sass
51. Installing and Using Sass Command Line
52. Installing and Using Sass Command Line GUI Apps
53. Installing and Using Sass Command Line GUI Apps Other frameworks, templates, and project generators
54. Command Line ✦ Requires Ruby ✦ Best to use a new(ish) version of Ruby (1.9.3 or higher) ✦ Probably a good idea to use a Ruby version manager (RVM, rbenv, etc.)
55. Installing Sass gem install sass
56. Using Sass sass input.sass output.css
57. Using Sass sass input.sass output.css sass --watch input.sass:output.css
58. Using Sass sass input.sass output.css sass --watch input.sass:output.css sass --watch app/sass:public/stylesheets
59. GUI Apps ✦ CodeKit Mac http://incident57.com/codekit/ ✦ Scout Mac & Windows http://mhs.github.io/scout-app/ ✦ Compass.app Mac, Windows, and Linux http://compass.handlino.com ✦ Others
60. Other frameworks, templates, and project generators ✦ Yeoman http://yeoman.io ✦ Middleman http://middlemanapp.com
61. Also built into… codepen.io
62. More Awesome Stuff
63. http://compass-style.org
64. http://susy.oddbird.net
65. Around the Interwebs Demo time!
66. Q&A
67. Convinced?
68. @nathos nathos@nathos.com