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Railsアップグレード百景
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r7kamura
March 22, 2019
Technology
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6.5k
Railsアップグレード百景
2019年3月22日にRails Developers Meetup 2019で登壇した際の発表資料です。
r7kamura
March 22, 2019
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Transcript
RailsΞοϓάϨʔυඦܠ by r7kamura
ࣗݾհ • Ryo Nakamura • https://github.com/r7kamura • https://twitter.com/r7kamura • ϑϦʔϥϯεͰRailsͷࣄΛ͍ͬͯ·͢
• Rails 1͔Β6·ͰΞοϓάϨʔυͨ͜͠ͱ͋Γ
ࠓ͢͜ͱ ʮRailsͬͯ͜͏͍͏ײ͡ͰΞοϓάϨʔυ͍ͯ͘͠ͱ ྑ͍ͷͶʯͱ͍͏ͷ͕͔ͬͯΒ͑Δͱخ͍͠ • ࣄલ४උ • ΞοϓάϨʔυͷྲྀΕ (Rails 4, 5,
6͕ର) • ࣄྫू
ࠓ͞ͳ͍͜ͱ • Πϯϑϥͷ (1͚ͩΞοϓάϨʔυ͢ΔɺϦΫΤετΛෳ ͯ͠ݕূڥʹྲྀ͢) • ৫ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷ (ۀҕୗͰ୲͢Δ߹ͷ͋ Ε͜ΕɺϨϏϡΞʔׂͷ͋Ε͜Ε) •
QAख๏ͷ (ςετ߲ͷબఆํ๏ͳͲ) • ݩʑΞοϓάϨʔυͷ·ΓͲ͜Ζ100બʹ͢Δ༧ఆͩͬͨ
ࣄલ४උ
࡞ۀલʹ͓ͬͯ͘ͱྑ͍͜ͱ • GitHub Issuesͷϥϕϧͷཧ ← ࢁPRΛग़͢ͷͰ • ςετݕূڥͷඋ ← ԿσϓϩΠ͢ΔͷͰ
• ։ൃڥͷඋ ← ԿςετΛಈ͔͢ͷͰ • CIͷඋ ← Կಈ͔͢͜ͱʹͳΔͷͰ • RuboCopͷඋ ← ͍Ζ͍Ζॿ͔ΔͷͰ
GitHub Issuesͷϥϕϧͷཧ
ςετݕূڥͷඋ • RailsΞοϓάϨʔυ࣌ʹͦ͜ςετͷ͋Γ͕ͨ͞Λ ௧ײ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔ… • Pull Request͝ͱʹݕূڥ͕༻ҙ͞ΕΔ͕ͭ͋Δ ͱຊʹศར • μϛʔσʔλ͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔݕূڥͩͱϕετ
ʢ2ͭҎ্Ϩίʔυ͕͋Δͱࣦഊ͢Δͱ͔͋Δʣ
CIͷඋ • ߴԽ (ྫ: Performance Pricing PlanରԠ) • ςετͷछྨͷݟ͠ (ྫ:
db:migrationςετ) • ϩάͷݟ͠ (ྫ: ςετதͷෆཁͳඪ४ग़ྗ) • ςετ݁Ռͷू (ྫ: CircleCIͷςεταϚϦʔରԠ)
None
None
RuboCopͷඋ • Bundler/Gemfileʹै͓ͬͯ͘ͱޙͷมߋ࡞ۀָ͕ • RailsΧςΰϦͷCop༗ޮԽ͓ͯ͘͠ͱḿΔ • ηΩϡϦςΟύϑΥʔϚϯεͷݟͯ͘ΕΔ • ݹ͍APIͷݺͼग़͠Λauto-correctͰ͖Δͷศར
GemfileͰͷఆٛॱংͷ᠘ • গͳ͘ͱrailsઌ಄ʹॻ͍͓͍ͯͨํ͕ྑ͍ • ͜͏͍͏ίʔυؚ͕·ΕΔGem͕͋ΔͨΊ if defined?(Rails) … end
ΞοϓάϨʔυͷྲྀΕ
ΞοϓάϨʔυͷྲྀΕ 1. bundle update 2. ςετͱमਖ਼ 3. masterͷऔΓࠐΈ (ਵ࣌σϓϩΠ) 4.
όʔδϣϯมߋΛσϓϩΠ 5. ࣄޙॲཧ
bundle update • جຊతʹ —conservative ΦϓγϣϯΛ͚Δ • bundle update --conservative
actionmailer actionpack actionview activemodel activerecord activesupport rails railties Έ͍ͨʹΔ • ґଘgemΛઌʹΞοϓάϨʔυ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍έʔε͋Δ • deviserails-i18nΈ͍ͨʹಉ͡όʔδϣϯͰRails 4 & 5྆ରԠ Ͱ͖ͳ͍gem͋ΔͷͰҙ (͜͏͍͏gem͕ຊʹհ)
None
ςετͱमਖ਼ 1. ςετ͕ਖ਼ৗʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ 2. ςετͷࣦഊΛ0݅ʹ͢Δ 3. ܯࠂͷΛݮΒ͍ͯ͘͠ 4. masterʹมߋ͕͋ΕऔΓࠐΜͰ1ʹΔ
ςετҎ֎Ͱ͓͢͢Ίͷ֬ೝࣄ߲ • rails console ͕ਖ਼ৗʹىಈ͢Δ͔? • RubyCSSͷϑΝΠϧΛฤूͨ͠ͱ͖ө͞ΕΔ͔? • Rails.application.eager_load! ͕ޭ͢Δ͔?
• rails db:rollback db:migration ͕ޭ͢Δ͔? • RAILE_ENV=production rails assets:precompile ͕ޭ͢Δ͔?
None
None
masterͷऔΓࠐΈ • Ұʹࢁมߋ͢ΔͱݕূrevertେมͳͷͰɺ όʔδϣϯมߋ࣌ͷࠩ࠷খԽ͍ͨ͠ • มߋ৽چόʔδϣϯ྆ରԠͳܗͰՃ͑Δ • ςετͷमਖ਼ͱฒߦͯ͠masterʹมߋΛೖΕ͍ͯ͘ (ͷͰ༧Ίcommit͚͓ͯ͜͏)
ࠩΛখ͘͢͞Δ • bundle update ͷ —conservative Φϓγϣϯ • rails_kwargs_testing •
activerecord-compatible_legacy_migration
rails_kwargs_testing • ςετͰͷϝιουҾ͕ get “/”, params: { page: “1” }
ʹ • RSpecͷϩά͕ܯࠂͰຒΊਚ͘͞Εͯ͠·͏ • 5.0Ҡߦͱಉ࣌ʹೖΕΔͱɺ࡞ۀதʹmasterଆͰςετ͕ॻ ͖ΘΔͱconflict͢Δ͠৭ʑେม • 4.2Ͱ৽ܗࣜͰॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͘͠ΕΔͷ͕͜ͷgem
Rails/HttpPositionalArguments • લड़ͷϝιουҾΛݕࠪ͢ΔCop • લճrails5-spec-converterΛ͕ͬͨbuggy… • CopͰauto-correct͢Δͷ͕ྑͦ͞͏
activerecord-compatible_legacy_migration • class Foo < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]; end ͷΑ͏ʹόʔδϣ ϯΛࢦఆ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͘ͳͬͨ (5.0Ͱܯࠂɺ5.1Ͱྫ֎)
• 4.2ͰActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]ͱॻ͚ͳ͍ͷͰɺࣄલʹର ԠͰ͖ͣɺόʔδϣϯมߋ࣌ʹ͜ͷରԠಉ࣌ʹؚ·Εͯ͠·͏ • 4.2Ͱ5.xͰಈ࡞͢ΔܧঝݩΛఏڙͯ͘͠ΕΔͷ͕͜ͷgem • ※·͋ԿରԠͤͣ5.0ʹͯ͠db:migration࣌ʹͪΐͬͱܯࠂ͕ ग़ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ͚͔ͩͩΒɺͦΜͳʹॏཁͰͳ͍͔
ࣄྫू
Rails 4.2.9ʹͨ͠ΒparamsपΓͰྫ֎͕… • get “/search/:query”, to: “items#search” • Rails 4.2.9ͩͱURIύε͕ASCII-8BITʹͳΔ
• Rails 4.2.9ͰյΕͯ4.2.10Ͱͬͨ • RailsͷύονόʔδϣϯҰؾʹ࠷৽·Ͱ্͛Α͏
Rails 5ʹͨ͠ΒINSERTͰྫ֎͕… • `created_on` DATE DEFAULT ‘0’ • Rails 5͔ΒσϑΥϧτͰMySQLαʔόଆͷSQLϞʔυ
ߟྀ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ • ݁ՌతʹNO_ZERO_DATEͱSTRICT_TRANS_TABLES ͕༗ޮԽ͞ΕͯΤϥʔʹ • Rails 4ͷ͔Βݫ͓ͯ͘͘͠͠ͱ٢
Rails 5ʹͨ͠Βىಈ࣌ʹྫ֎͕… • ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_controller) { include Foo } • APIϞʔυͬͯͳ͍ͷʹ
ActionController::API ͕ྫ֎Λ ग़͢Α͏ʹͳͬͨͧ??? • ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_controller) ActionController::API ͷಡΈࠐΈ࣌ʹൃՐ͢Δ • Rails 4 ࣌ʹఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ى͖ͨ
Rails 5ʹͨ͠Β404͕204ʹ… • ςϯϓϨʔτ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖ͷڍಈ͕มΘͬͨ • Rails 4ͩͱྫ֎͕ൃੜͯ͠404 • Rails 5ͩͱ204
• ͜͜Ͱʮ͍ͭͰʹϦϑΝΫλϦϯάͯ͠͠·͓͏ʯ ͱ͔Γ࢝ΊΔͱຊʹྑ͘ͳ͍…
Rails 5ʹͨ͠ΒControllerͷςετ͕… post “/login”, name: “…”, password: “…” post “/articles”,
body: “…” • Rails 5.0 ʹROW_POST_DATA͕Ҿ͖ܧ͕ΕΔෆ۩߹͕ • Rails 5.2 Ͱमਖ਼͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ 5.0 Ͱͦͷ·· • దʹΞϓϦଆͰύον͙ͯͯ྇ͷ͕ྑͦ͞͏
Rails 5ʹͨ͠ΒparamsपΓͰςετ͕… • get “/foo”, bar: nil, baz: Time.current •
Rails 4 ·ͰςετͰͨ͠paramsͱͯͨ͠͠ΦϒδΣΫ τ͕ControllerͰࢀর͞Ε͍ͯͨ • Rails 5͔Βී௨ʹΤϯίʔυ/σίʔυ͞ΕΔ • ຊདྷ͋Γಘͳ͍݅ͷςετ͕େྔʹଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠ • Content-Typeparamsͷ༰Λࡉ͔͘ݟͯ͠ରԠ͢Δ
Rails 5ʹͨ͠ΒparamsपΓͰྫ֎͕… • ActionController::Parameters͕HashΛܧঝ͠ͳ͘ͳͬͨ (େม͗͢Δ) • ҰԠ5.0Ͱܯࠂ͖ͰHash૬ͷϝιου͕ݺͼग़ͤΔ Α͏ʹߟྀ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ͔͠͠
params.is_a?(Hash) ʹഊ • ͜ͷܧঝݩมߋͷӨڹ͕Rails 5ԽͰҰ൪ා͍
Rails 5.1ʹͨ͠ΒparamsपΓͰςετ͕… • get “/”, params: nil ʹͯ͠ΔͱRails 5.1͔Βྫ֎͕ग़Δͧ??? •
υΩϡϝϯτΛݟΔݶΓparamsnilͰྑͦ͞͏ • Ͳ͏ΒRails 5.1ʹ͢Δͱ͖ʹ࣮ΛϛεͬͨͬΆ͍ • rails/rails#34737 Λग़ͯ͠mergeࡁΈ • Rails 6 ʹ͔͠ೖΒͳ͍ͷͰ 5 Ͱ݁ہ nil Λͤͳ͍
Rails 5.1ʹͨ͠ΒARͷthrough͕… • Rails 5.1͔Β has_many :b, through: a ͕ޮ͔ͳ͍ͧ???
• ௐࠪͨ͠ΒҰ࿈ͷincludeͷதͰ͜͏͍͏͜ͱ͕ى͖͍ͯͨ X.has_many :a X.has_many :b, through: :a X.has_many :a # ← ͜͜Ͱthrough: :aͷఆ͕ٛফ͑Δ
Rails 6ʹͨ͠Βvalidation͕… • Rails 6͔Βhas-and-belongs-to-manyͳதؒϨίʔυͰ ఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δvalidation͕ಈ͔ͳ͘ͳͬͨ…? • ࠶ݱίʔυॻ͍ͯTwitterͰΰωͯͨΒkamipo͞Μ͕ rails/rails#35116 Ͱͯ͘͠Εͨ
• ͜ͷޙผ݅Ͱ࠶ݱίʔυॻ͍ͯ2ʙ3ճΰωͯͨΒ kamipo͞Μ͕શ෦ͯ͘͠Εͨ…
Rails 6ʹͨ͠Βbelongs_toͷڍಈ͕… • ಉ͡Ϋϥε͔Βಉ͡Ϋϥεʹbelongs_toΛผ໊Ͱఆ ͍ٛͯ͠ΔϞσϧͰɺinverse_of͕ڞ༻͞Εͯ͠·͏ • ࠶ݱՄೳ͕ͩະղܾ • rails/rails#35204 ͰIssueΛཱͯͯௐࠪத
Tips1: Contributing to Rails͕ศར • rails/railsͷIssueͷग़͠ํ • Pull Requestͷग़͠ํ •
ςετͷಈ͔͠ํ • ࠷খͷ࠶ݱίʔυΛॻ͘ͱ͖ͷςϯϓϨʔτ
Tips2: r7kamuraʹؙ͛͢Δબࢶ • ࣮ࡍRailsΞοϓάϨʔυΛ୭͕୲͢Δͷ͔ʁ • ਓࣄධՁݸʑਓͷϞνϕʔγϣϯͷ͕͋Δ • ୲ऀΛ͚ͯۀҕୗͷਓʹؙ͛͢Δͱ͍͏ͷ ৭ʑߟ͑ΔͱΘΓͱ༗ޮͩͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔ •
RailsΞοϓάϨʔυͷࣄΛืू͍ͯ͠·͢
͓͞Β͍
͓͞Β͍ • ࡞ۀͱฒߦͯ͠։ൃج൫Λ͍͑ͯ͜͏ • ύονόʔδϣϯҰؾʹ্͛Α͏ • όʔδϣϯมߋ࣌ͷࠩΛ࠷খԽ͍ͯ͜͠͏ • ᠘ଟ͍͕ਅ໘ʹςετॻ͍ͯͨΒݕͰ͖Δ •
Railsଆ͕͓͔͍͠ͳͱࢥͬͨΒ࠶ݱίʔυΛॻ͜͏