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Introduction to Go

Seth Vargo
February 26, 2015

Introduction to Go

This talk covers a very basic introduction to the Go programming language. It is designed for people who already have a cursory (or better) understanding of programming principles, but may not be familiar with the syntax, etc.

Seth Vargo

February 26, 2015
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  1. 2007 2008 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala

    "MODERN" Pick one: - efficient compilation - efficient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift
  2. 2007 2008 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala

    "MODERN" Pick one: - efficient compilation - efficient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift
  3. 2007 2008 2009 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS

    Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efficient compilation - efficient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies Go! Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift
  4. 2007 2008 2009 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS

    Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efficient compilation - efficient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies 2015 today Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift
  5. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  6. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  7. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  8. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  9. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  10. package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func

    main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go
  11. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  12. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  13. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  14. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  15. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  16. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  17. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  18. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  19. package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name:

    ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  20. package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) text, err

    := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  21. package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) text, err

    := reader.ReadString('\n') fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  22. package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name

    is %q!", strings.TrimSpace("Hi\n"))) } example.go
  23. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  24. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } ? example.go
  25. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  26. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func

    main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  27. package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" "io/ioutil" )

    func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go
  28. def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 ==

    0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" elsif i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" elsif i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" else puts i end end end fizzbuzz.rb
  29. func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <=

    max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") } else if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") } else if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") } else { fmt.Println(i) } } } fizzbuzz.go
  30. func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <=

    max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") } else if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") } else if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") } else { fmt.Println(i) } } } fizzbuzz.go def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 == 0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" elsif i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" elsif i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" else puts i end end end fizzbuzz.rb
  31. func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <=

    max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") continue } if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") continue } if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") continue } fmt.Println(i) } } fizzbuzz.go def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 == 0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" next end if i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" next end if i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" next end puts i end end fizzbuzz.rb
  32. def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return

    fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb
  33. func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 {

    return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go
  34. func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 {

    return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb
  35. func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 {

    return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) fib(40)
  36. func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 {

    return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) 1.02s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 1.027 total fib(40)
  37. func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 {

    return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) 1.02s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 1.027 total fib(40) 17.37s user 0.04s system 99% cpu 17.467 total
  38. func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1

    for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(40)
  39. func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1

    for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(40) 0.00s user 0.00s system 74% cpu 0.004 total
  40. func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1

    for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000)
  41. func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1

    for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000) 0.00s user 0.00s system 72% cpu 0.004 total
  42. func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1

    for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000) 0.00s user 0.00s system 72% cpu 0.004 total 43466557686937456435688527675040625802564660517371780402481729089536555417 94905189040387984007925516929592259308032263477520968962323987332247116164 2996440906533187938298969649928516003704476137795166849228875
  43. func fibGenerator() ? { for i, j := 0, 1;

    ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } return ? } fib.go
  44. func fibGenerator() ? { func() { for i, j :=

    0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go
  45. func fibGenerator() ? { go func() { for i, j

    := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go
  46. func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() {

    for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go
  47. func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() {

    for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return ? } fib.go
  48. func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() {

    for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go
  49. func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() {

    for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go
  50. func fibGenerator() ? { c := make(chan int) go func()

    { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go
  51. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go
  52. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go
  53. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go
  54. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println( ? ) } } fib.go
  55. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib) } } fib.go
  56. 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

    55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 fib.go
  57. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib) } } fib.go
  58. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib1 := fibGenerator() fib2 := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib1) } for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib2) } } fib.go
  59. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib1 := fibGenerator() fib2 := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib1) } for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib2) } } fib.go
  60. go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ;

    i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() fib.go
  61. for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j =

    i+j, i { c <- i } fib.go
  62. for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j =

    i+j, i { c <- i } fib.go
  63. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go

    func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go
  64. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50)

    go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go
  65. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50)

    go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go
  66. func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50)

    go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go
  67. type fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go
  68. type Fib struct { // Buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. Buffer int // Ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. Ch chan int } structs.go
  69. type Fib struct { // Buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. Buffer int // Ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. Ch chan int } func PublicFunc() {} func privateFunc() {} structs.go
  70. type fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go
  71. type fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } func NewFib(b int) (*Fib, error) { f := new(fib) f.buffer = b f.ch = make(chan int, b) go func(f *Fib) { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { f.ch <- i } }(f) return f, nil } structs.go
  72. func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err !=

    nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go
  73. func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err !=

    nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go
  74. type fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go
  75. type Fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } // Next gets the next number in the fib sequence. func (f *fib) Next() int { } structs.go
  76. type Fib struct { // buffer is the size of

    the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } // Next gets the next number in the fib sequence. func (f *fib) Next() int { return <-f.ch } structs.go
  77. func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err !=

    nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go
  78. func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err !=

    nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(f.Next()) } } structs.go
  79. func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err !=

    nil { panic(err) } for { fmt.Println(f.Next()) time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) } } structs.go
  80. 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

    55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 structs.go
  81. 1779979416004714189 2880067194370816120 4660046610375530309 7540113804746346429 -6246583658587674878 1293530146158671551 -4953053512429003327 -3659523366270331776 -8612576878699335103 6174643828739884737

    -2437933049959450366 3736710778780434371 1298777728820984005 5035488507601418376 6334266236422402381 -7076989329685730859 -742723093263328478 -7819712422949059337 -8562435516212387815 2064596134548104464 -6497839381664283351 -4433243247116178887 7515661444929089378 structs.go