= Yt の1時点前のYの値, ε = 誤差 (ホワイトノイズ) Yt = c+φYt-1 +ε 現在のデータと1時点前のデータに線形の関係がある Φ= 0.1 Φ= 0.7 De Haan-Rietdijk, S., Gottman, J. M., Bergeman, C. S., & Hamaker, E. L. (2016). Get over it! A multilevel threshold autoregressive model for state-dependent affect regulation. psychometrika, 81(1), 217-241.
B. (2010). Emotional inertia and psychological maladjustment. Psychological science, 21(7), 984-991. Koval, P., Sütterlin, S., & Kuppens, P. (2016). Emotional inertia is associated with lower well- being when controlling for differences in emotional context. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 2016. Suls, J., Green, P., & Hillis, S. (1998). Emotional reactivity to everyday problems, affective inertia, and neuroticism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(2), 127-136. 健康な地域住民 (25-48才)48名にDRM. 神経症傾向の高い人は、ネガティブ気分の自己相関高く、 神経症傾向の低い人は、ネガティブ気分の自己相関低い 大学生80名にESM. 自尊心の低い人は、抑うつがある人は、 ネガティブ気分でもポジティブ気分でも自己相関高い 大学生約100名が気分誘導映像視聴後に気分を反復評定 (ポジティブ気分の自己相関よりも)ネガティブ気分の自己相関の 高さが抑うつ症状と関連(人生の満足度よりも)
Simons, C. J., Hartmann, J. A., Bos, E. H., & Wichers, M. (2019). Capturing the risk of persisting depressive symptoms: A dynamic network investigation of patients' daily symptom experiences. Psychiatry Research, 271, 640-648. ネットワーク中心性 (マルチレベル)VAR うつ病患者69名にESMを使った介入を実施。 介入前から介入後6ヶ月の抑うつ尺度の評定値から、症状維持群の改善群に分類。 介入期間中のESMデータについて(マルチレベル)VAR+ネットワークモデルを適用 ネットワーク中心性の高い指標(全てが億劫に感じる)が、他の指標よリも予後を予測
(mlVAR::mlVARcompare) Pe, M. L., Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Bringmann, L. F., Tuerlinckx, F., Mestdagh, M., ... & Kuppens, P. (2015). Emotion-network density in major depressive disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 292-300.
Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195-212.
30 Yang, X., Ram, N., Gest, S. D., Lydon-Staley, D. M., Conroy, D. E., Pincus, A. L., & Molenaar, P. (2018). Socioemotional Dynamics of Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms: A Person-Specific Network Approach. Complexity, 2018.
31 Yang, X., Ram, N., Gest, S. D., Lydon-Staley, D. M., Conroy, D. E., Pincus, A. L., & Molenaar, P. (2018). Socioemotional Dynamics of Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms: A Person-Specific Network Approach. Complexity, 2018.
– N of 1データのVAR+ネットワークモデル, VARのパラメータ推定に generalized lassoを使用 • pompom: – N of 1データのVAR+ネットワークモデル+インパルス応答関数, VARをuSEM で推定 • mlVAR – graphicalVARのマルチレベル版 VARモデル推定: Rの場合 32 Sacha Epskamp (2016). graphicalVAR: Graphical VAR for Experience Sampling Data. R package version 0.1.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=graphicalVAR Xiao Yang, Nilam Ram and Peter Molenaar (2018). pompom: Person-Oriented Method and Perturbation on the Model. R package version 0.2.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pompom Sacha Epskamp, Marie K. Deserno and Laura F.Bringmann (2019). mlVAR: Multi-Level Vector Autoregression. R package version 0.4.2. https://CRAN.R project.org/package=mlVAR
等間隔時間が前提 → 連続時間 VAR continuous-time VAR • 誤差に正規性を仮定 → 一般化VARモデルなど? Bringmann, L. F., Ferrer, E., Hamaker, E. L., Borsboom, D., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2018). Modeling nonstationary emotion dynamics in dyads using a time-varying vector-autoregressive model. Multivariate behavioral research, 53(3), 293-314. Driver, C. C., & Voelkle, M. C. (2017). Introduction to Hierarchical Continuous Time Dynamic Modelling With ctsem. R package Vignette. Available online at: https://cran. r-project. org/web/packages/ctsem/index. html.
ctsem (階層ベイズ) • 連続時間モデルをsemやmcmcで解く – Matlabのツールボックス(階層ベイズ) いずれもRで簡単に実施可能 38 Driver, C. C., Oud, J. H., & Voelkle, M. C. (2017). Continuous time structural equation modeling with R package ctsem. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joachim_Vandekerckhove/publication/265060395_BHOUM_A_ MATLAB_toolbox_for_Bayesian_Hierarchial_Ornstein- Uhlenbeck_modeling/links/54d11b6d0cf25ba0f040b4ee.pdf Wood, S.N. (2011) Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (B) 73(1):3-36