Workshop: Android UI Testing

Mobile apps are growing, we have new features after every big release. Testing the app manually is time consuming. It means that it is time to integrate fast and reliable automated tests into your development process.

In this talk, we will discuss the following topics:
– How to create fast and reliable UI tests
– How to avoid flaky tests
– How to cover applications which include traditional and Jetpack Compose views and screens
– How to share UI tests between local and instrumentation tests
– How DSL can speed up adding stable UI tests to the project
– How to combine interaction and pixel-perfectness tests
– What tools to use for effective testing of different application components

Transcript

1. @alex_zhukovich https://alexzh.com/ Modern Android UI Testing Workshop
3. Android Testing World
4. ANDROID TESTS LOCAL INSTRUMENTATION
5. ANDROID TESTS LOCAL INSTRUMENTATION UI* Non-UI
6. ANDROID TESTS LOCAL INSTRUMENTATION UI* Non-UI UI Non-UI
7. app.apk tests.apk BUILD APKs
8. app.apk tests.apk >_ adb shell am instrument
9. app.apk tests.apk >_ adb shell am instrument
10. ACTIVITY FRAGMENT
11. ACTIVITY FRAGMENT COMPOSABLE FUNCTION
14. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule ActivityScenario.launch( MainActivity::class.java )
15. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule val activityOptions = bundleOf( Pair("param-1", 1), Pair("param-2", 2), Pair("param-3", 3), ) val scenario = ActivityScenario.launch( MainActivity::class.java, activityOptions ) scenario.moveToState(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) ActivityScenario.launch( MainActivity::class.java )
16. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule val scenario = launchFragmentInContainer( fragmentArgs: Bundle? = null, @StyleRes themeResId: Int = 
 R.style.FragmentScenarioEmptyFragmentActivityTheme, initialState: Lifecycle.State = 
 Lifecycle.State.RESUMED, factory: FragmentFactory? = null ) scenario.moveToState(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) debugImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:1.4.0"
17. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule Activity Fragment
18. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule androidx.fragment.app.testing.FragmentScenario$EmptyFragmentActivity Activity Fragment Compilation Added to AndroidManifest
19. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() composeTestRule.apply { setContent { LoginScreen() } onNodeWithTag("email") .performTextInput("test@test.com") onNodeWithTag("password") .performTextInput("password") onNodeWithTag("login") .performClick() ... } debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest:1:0:5"
20. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule Component Activity @Composable
21. launchActivity launchFragmentInContainer ComposeContentTestRule androidx.activity.ComponentActivity Component Activity @Composable Compilation Added to AndroidManifest
22. Testing Android Views
23. COMPONENT HAS ID PROPERTIES REAL CLOCK
24. onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .check(matchers(isDisplayed()))
25. Testing Composable code
26. NO ID 
 OF COMPONENT SEMANTIC PROPERTIES VIRTUAL CLOCK
27. class SubscribeBoxTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun shouldDisplaySnackbar_whenEmailIsEnteredAndSubscribeClicked() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { SubscribeBox() } onNode(hasTestTag("subscribe_email")) .performTextInput("test@test.com") onNode(hasText("SUBSCRIBE")) .performClick() onNode(hasText("You successfully subscribed")) .assertIsDisplayed() } } }
28. class SubscribeBoxTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun shouldDisplaySnackbar_whenEmailIsEnteredAndSubscribeClicked() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { SubscribeBox() } onNode(hasTestTag("subscribe_email")) .performTextInput("test@test.com") onNode(hasText("SUBSCRIBE")) .performClick() onNode(hasText("You successfully subscribed")) .assertIsDisplayed() } } } Finder Matcher
29. class SubscribeBoxTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun shouldDisplaySnackbar_whenEmailIsEnteredAndSubscribeClicked() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { SubscribeBox() } onNode(hasTestTag("subscribe_email")) .performTextInput("test@test.com") onNode(hasText("SUBSCRIBE")) .performClick() onNode(hasText("You successfully subscribed")) .assertIsDisplayed() } } } Finder Matcher Action
30. class SubscribeBoxTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun shouldDisplaySnackbar_whenEmailIsEnteredAndSubscribeClicked() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { SubscribeBox() } onNode(hasTestTag("subscribe_email")) .performTextInput("test@test.com") onNode(hasText("SUBSCRIBE")) .performClick() onNode(hasText("You successfully subscribed")) .assertIsDisplayed() } } } Finder Matcher Action Assertion
31. MERGED NODE TREE UNMERGED NODE TREE Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘false’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [OnClick, GetTextLayoutResult] MergeDescendants = 'true' Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘true’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' Actions = [OnClick] MergeDescendants = 'true' |-Node #4 at (l=321.0, t=1006.0, r=395.0, b=1080.0)px | ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' | Role = 'Image' |-Node #5 at (l=420.0, t=1014.0, r=785.0, b=1072.0)px Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [GetTextLayoutResult]
32. MERGED NODE TREE UNMERGED NODE TREE Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘true’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' Actions = [OnClick] MergeDescendants = 'true' |-Node #4 at (l=321.0, t=1006.0, r=395.0, b=1080.0)px | ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' | Role = 'Image' |-Node #5 at (l=420.0, t=1014.0, r=785.0, b=1072.0)px Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [GetTextLayoutResult] Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘false’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [OnClick, GetTextLayoutResult] MergeDescendants = 'true' composeTestRule .onRoot(useUnmergedTree = false) 
 .printToLog("MERGED") composeTestRule .onRoot(useUnmergedTree = true) .printToLog("UNMERGED")
33. MERGED NODE TREE UNMERGED NODE TREE onNode(hasText("Schedule a task"), useUnmergedTree = true) .assertHasClickAction() Error onNode(hasText("Schedule a task")) .assertHasClickAction() useUnmergedTree = false Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘true’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' Actions = [OnClick] MergeDescendants = 'true' |-Node #4 at (l=321.0, t=1006.0, r=395.0, b=1080.0)px | ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' | Role = 'Image' |-Node #5 at (l=420.0, t=1014.0, r=785.0, b=1072.0)px Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [GetTextLayoutResult] Printing with useUnmergedTree = ‘false’ Node #1 at (l=0.0, t=74.0, r=1080.0, b=2012.0)px |-Node #2 at (l=247.0, t=956.0, r=834.0, b=1130.0)px Role = 'Button' Focused = 'false' ContentDescription = '[Schedule a task]' Text = '[Schedule a task]' Actions = [OnClick, GetTextLayoutResult] MergeDescendants = 'true' composeTestRule .onRoot(useUnmergedTree = false) 
 .printToLog("MERGED") composeTestRule .onRoot(useUnmergedTree = true) .printToLog("UNMERGED")
34. onAllNodesWithContentDescription("Happy")[0] .assert(hasText(“08:30")) onAllNodes(hasContentDescription("Happy"))[1] .assert(hasText("19:45")) onNodeWithText("Add") .performClick()
36. @Preview @Composable fun Preview_MultipleRadioButtons() { val selectedValue = remember { mutableStateOf("") } val isSelectedItem: (String) -> Boolean = { selectedValue.value == it } val onChangeState: (String) -> Unit = { selectedValue.value = it } val items = listOf("Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3", "Item 4", "Item 5") Column(Modifier.padding(8.dp)) { Text(text = "Selected value: ${selectedValue.value.ifEmpty { "NONE" }}") items.forEach { item -> Row( verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically, modifier = Modifier.selectable( selected = isSelectedItem(item), onClick = { onChangeState(item) }, role = Role.RadioButton ).padding(8.dp) ) { RadioButton( selected = isSelectedItem(item), onClick = null ) Text( text = item, modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth() ) } } } }
37. @Preview @Composable fun Preview_MultipleRadioButtons() { val selectedValue = remember { mutableStateOf("") } val isSelectedItem: (String) -> Boolean = { selectedValue.value == it } val onChangeState: (String) -> Unit = { selectedValue.value = it } val items = listOf("Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3", "Item 4", "Item 5") Column(Modifier.padding(8.dp)) { Text(text = "Selected value: ${selectedValue.value.ifEmpty { "NONE" }}") items.forEach { item -> Row( verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically, modifier = Modifier.selectable( selected = isSelectedItem(item), onClick = { onChangeState(item) }, role = Role.RadioButton ).padding(8.dp) ) { RadioButton( selected = isSelectedItem(item), onClick = null ) Text( text = item, modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth() ) } } } }
38. @ExperimentalFoundationApi class RadioButtonTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun firstItemSelectedByDefault_whenThirdItemIsSelected_thenSelectedValueDisplayed() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { Demo_RadioButton () } onNodeWithRoleAndText(Role.RadioButton, "Item 1") .assertIsSelected() onNodeWithText("Item 3") .performClick() onNodeWithRoleAndText(Role.RadioButton, "Item 3") .assertIsSelected() onNodeWithText("Selected value: Item 3") .assertIsDisplayed() } } private fun withRole(role: Role): SemanticsMatcher { return SemanticsMatcher("${SemanticsProperties.Role.name} contains '$role'") { it.config.getOrNull(SemanticsProperties.Role) == role } } private fun SemanticsNodeInteractionsProvider.onNodeWithRoleAndText( role: Role, text: String ) = onNode( withRole(role) .and(isSelectable()) .and(isEnabled()) .and(hasText(text)) ) }
39. @ExperimentalFoundationApi class RadioButtonTest { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() @Test fun firstItemSelectedByDefault_whenThirdItemIsSelected_thenSelectedValueDisplayed() { composeTestRule.apply { setContent { Demo_RadioButton () } onNodeWithRoleAndText(Role.RadioButton, "Item 1") .assertIsSelected() onNodeWithText("Item 3") .performClick() onNodeWithRoleAndText(Role.RadioButton, "Item 3") .assertIsSelected() onNodeWithText("Selected value: Item 3") .assertIsDisplayed() } } private fun withRole(role: Role): SemanticsMatcher { return SemanticsMatcher("${SemanticsProperties.Role.name} contains '$role'") { it.config.getOrNull(SemanticsProperties.Role) == role } } private fun SemanticsNodeInteractionsProvider.onNodeWithRoleAndText( role: Role, text: String ) = onNode( withRole(role) .and(isSelectable()) .and(isEnabled()) .and(hasText(text)) ) }
40. Application
42. Presentation (UI) Data layer *Repository SessionManager SharedPreferences SharedPreferences Database
43. End-To-End tests
45. Database
47. Session Manager Shared Preferences
48. Functional tests
50. launchFragmentInContainer<LoginFragment>( themeResId = R.style.Theme_MoodTracker ) composeTestRule.apply { ... }
51. Server Database
52. Database Query Dependencies UI interaction
53. Prod server Dev server Mock/Fake
54. Prod server Dev server DATA SYNCHRONIZATION We need to synchronize data between the production and dev servers. INTERACTION WITH THE SERVER We make requests to the production server. The connection can require certificates, VPN, etc. PRODUCTION BACK-END We always use the latest available production environment.
55. Mock/Fake DATA SYNCHRONIZATION We need to synchronize predefined responses with responses from the production server. NO INTERACTION WITH THE SERVER Responses from the production server can differ from the predefined data. We can use predefined fake responses instead of calling the production server. MAKE TESTS MORE STABLE
56. Mock/Fake
57. Mock/Fake
58. END-TO-END (E2E) TESTS FUNCTIONAL TESTS ENTRY POINT Similar to the entry point of an app. APP VERIFICATION Slow veri fi cation of the app. NAVIGATION Navigate to the required screen. SERVER INTERACTION Interaction with the production server. ENTRY POINT Start the required screen of the app. SERVER INTERACTION Usually interaction with non- production server. NAVIGATION Usually no navigation. UI VERIFICATION Fast veri fi cation of components or screens.
59. Screenshot tests
61. What can we check with screenshot tests?
62. @Composable fun LoadingButton( onClick: () -> Unit, text: String, modifier: Modifier = Modifier, shape: Shape = MaterialTheme.shapes.small, enabled: Boolean = true, isLoading: Boolean = false, loadingIndicatorColor: Color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.surface ) { ... }
63. AndroidUiTestingUtils https://github.com/sergio-sastre/AndroidUiTestingUtils Locale Light/Dark mode Display size, screen orientation Font size
68. @Test fun settingsScreen_dark_defaultState() { val fragmentScenario = FragmentScenarioConfigurator .setUiMode(UiMode.NIGHT) .setTheme(R.style.Theme_MoodTracker) .launchInContainer( SettingsFragment::class.java ) compareScreenshot( fragment = fragmentScenario.waitForFragment(), name = "settingsScreen_dark" ) fragmentScenario.close() } @Test fun settingsScreen_light_defaultState() { val fragmentScenario = FragmentScenarioConfigurator .setUiMode(UiMode.DAY) .setTheme(R.style.Theme_MoodTracker) .launchInContainer( SettingsFragment::class.java ) compareScreenshot( fragment = fragmentScenario.waitForFragment(), name = "settingsScreen_light" ) fragmentScenario.close() }
69. What to test?
70. PIXEL PERFECTNESS INTERACTION TESTING UI COMPONENTS 
 (DESIGN SYSTEM) INTERACTION WITH SCREEN(S) SUPPORT MULTIPLE LANGUAGES SUPPORT DIFFERENT 
 COLOR THEMES SUPPORT ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS 
 (FONT SIZE, SCREEN SIZE, ETC) SUPPORT LTR & RTL PERMISSION TESTING YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
71. END-TO-END TESTS FUNCTIONAL TESTS SCREENSHOT TESTS
72. End To End testing 
 Maestro
74. •add-emotional-state.yaml •login-test-user.yaml •time-format-flow.yaml TA SK e2e-flow-test
75. appId: com.alexzh.moodtracker --- - launchApp: clearState: true - tapOn: "Add" - tapOn: "Excited" - tapOn: "Select a time" - tapOn: "8" - tapOn: "15" - tapOn: "OK" - tapOn: "Gaming" - tapOn: "Save" - assertVisible: "08:15" - assertVisible: "Gaming" @Test fun displayEmotion_WhenEmotionHistoryWasAddedViaAddMoodScreen() { ActivityScenario.launch(HomeActivity::class.java) composableTestRule.apply { waitUntil { onAllNodesWithText("Emotions") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNode(hasContentDescription("Add")) .performClick() waitUntil { onAllNodesWithContentDescription("Happy") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNodeWithContentDescription("Happy") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Reading") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Gaming") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Note") .performTextInput("Test note") onNode(hasText("Save")) .performScrollTo() .performClick() waitUntil { onAllNodesWithText("Emotions") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNode(withEmotionStateAndNote("Happy", "Test note")) .assert(hasAnyChild(hasText("Gaming"))) onNode(hasContentDescription("Happy")) .performSemanticsAction(SemanticsActions.OnClick) } }
76. appId: com.alexzh.moodtracker --- - launchApp: clearState: true - tapOn: "Add" - tapOn: "Excited" - tapOn: "Select a time" - tapOn: "8" - tapOn: "15" - tapOn: "OK" - tapOn: "Gaming" - tapOn: "Save" - assertVisible: "08:15" - assertVisible: "Gaming" launchApp() todayScreen { addEmotionalState() } addMoodScreen { selectEmotion("Happy") selectActivity("Reading", "Gaming") enterNote(note) save() } todayScreen { hasItem( "Happy", “Test note”, "Reading", "Gaming" ) openEmotionalItem("Happy") } addMoodScreen { delete() }
77. @Test fun displayEmotion_WhenEmotionHistoryWasAddedViaAddMoodScreen() { ActivityScenario.launch(HomeActivity::class.java) composableTestRule.apply { waitUntil { onAllNodesWithText("Emotions") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNode(hasContentDescription("Add")) .performClick() waitUntil { onAllNodesWithContentDescription("Happy") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNodeWithContentDescription("Happy") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Reading") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Gaming") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Note") .performTextInput("Test note") onNode(hasText("Save")) .performScrollTo() .performClick() waitUntil { onAllNodesWithText("Emotions") .fetchSemanticsNodes().size == 1 } onNode(withEmotionStateAndNote("Happy", "Test note")) .assert(hasAnyChild(hasText("Gaming"))) onNode(hasContentDescription("Happy")) .performSemanticsAction(SemanticsActions.OnClick) } } launchApp() todayScreen { addEmotionalState() } addMoodScreen { selectEmotion("Happy") selectActivity("Reading", "Gaming") enterNote(note) save() } todayScreen { hasItem( "Happy", note, "Reading", "Gaming" ) openEmotionalItem("Happy") } addMoodScreen { delete() }
78. Screenshot tests
80. https://github.com/cashapp/paparazzi https://github.com/pedrovgs/Shot SHOT PAPARAZZI
81. SHOT PAPARAZZI https://github.com/cashapp/paparazzi https://github.com/pedrovgs/Shot DEVICE JVM
82. https://github.com/cashapp/paparazzi https://github.com/pedrovgs/Shot SHOT DEVICE PAPARAZZI JVM
83. Testing Components 
 in isolation
85. TA SK LoadingButtonColorModeScreenshotTest •loadingButton_light_defaultState •loadingButton_dark_defaultState •loadingButton_light_loadingState •loadingButton_dark_loadingState •loadingButton_loadingAnimation (LoadingButtonAnimationTest)
86. TA SK WeekCalendarColorModeScreenshotTest •weekCalendar_light_todayInSelectedDate •weekCalendar_dark_todayInSelectedDate •weekCalendar_light_todayInNotSelectedDate •weekCalendar_dark_todayInNotSelectedDate
87. Testing Screens 
 in isolation
88. TA SK SettingsScreenScreenshotTest •settingsScreen_light_defaultState •settingsScreen_dark_defaultState
89. Parameterized tests
90. TestParameterInjector https://github.com/google/TestParameterInjector Strings Enums Primitive Types
92. TA SK LoadingButtonParamScreenshotTest •loadingButton_customUiModeAndLoadingStateAndTitle
93. TA SK WeekCalendarParamScreenshotTest •weekCalendar_paramUiModeAndSelectedDate
94. TA SK SettingsScreenParamScreenshotTest •settingsScreen_customFontSizeAnUiMode
95. Functional testing
96. END-TO-END (E2E) TESTS FUNCTIONAL TESTS ENTRY POINT Similar to the entry point of an app. APP VERIFICATION Slow veri fi cation of the app. NAVIGATION Navigate to the required screen. SERVER INTERACTION Interaction with the production server. ENTRY POINT Start the required screen of the app. SERVER INTERACTION Usually interaction with non- production server. NAVIGATION Usually no navigation. UI VERIFICATION Fast veri fi cation of components or screens.
97. TA SK ProfileScreenTest •displayUserInfo_WhenUserIsLoggedIn •displayCreateAccountAndLoginOptions_WhenUserIsNotLoggedIn
98. TA SK LoginScreenTest •displayEmailIsTooShortError_whenEnteredEmailIsShorterThanFourSymbols •displayPasswordIsTooShortError_whenEnteredPasswordIsShorterThanFourSymbols
99. TA SK TodayScreenTest •displaySuccessWithSimpleItem_whenDataIsAvailable •displaySuccessWithMultipleItems_whenDataIsAvailable •displayEmptyState_whenDataIsNotAvailable
100. Readability
101. onNodeWithText("Login") .performClick() onNodeWithText("Email") .performTextInput("test@alexzh.com") onNodeWithText("Password") .performTextInput("password") onNode(hasText("LOGIN")) .performClick() onNodeWithText("Alex") .assertIsDisplayed() onNodeWithText(“test@alexzh.com") .assertIsDisplayed()
102. // Profile screen onNodeWithText("Login") .performClick() // Login screen onNodeWithText("Email") .performTextInput("test@alexzh.com") onNodeWithText("Password") .performTextInput("password") onNode(hasText("LOGIN")) .performClick() // Profile screen onNodeWithText("Alex") .assertIsDisplayed() onNodeWithText("test@alexzh.com") .assertIsDisplayed()
103. profileScreen(composeTestRule) { tapOnLogin() } loginScreen(composeTestRule) { login( email = "test@alexzh.com", password = "password" ) } profileScreen(composeTestRule) { hasUserInfo( email = "test@alexzh.com", name = "Alex" ) }
104. BASIC OPERATIONS SCREEN ROBOTS TEST CASES @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyEmailErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterEmail(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmailErrorsWhenValueIsNotEmail() { loginScreen { enterEmail(INCORRECT_EMAIL) incorrectEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyPasswordErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterPassword(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyPasswordErrorDisplayed() } } ... } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun enterEmail(email: String) = enterText(R.id.email, email) fun enterPassword(email: String) = 
 enterText(R.id.password, password) ... } open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } 
 ... } ESPRESSO
105. BASIC OPERATIONS SCREEN ROBOTS TEST CASES @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyEmailErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterEmail(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmailErrorsWhenValueIsNotEmail() { loginScreen { enterEmail(INCORRECT_EMAIL) incorrectEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyPasswordErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterPassword(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyPasswordErrorDisplayed() } } ... } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun enterEmail(email: String) = enterText(R.id.email, email) fun enterPassword(email: String) = 
 enterText(R.id.password, password) ... } open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { val view = device.findObject(By.res(resId(viewId))) view.text = text } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { device.findObject(By.res(resIf(viewId))) 
 .click() } 
 ... } UI AUTOMATOR
106. open class BaseTestRobot { @get:Rule val composeTestRule = createComposeRule() fun enterText(tag: String, text: String) { composeTestRule.onNodeWithTag(tag) .performTextInput(text) } fun clickOnView(tag: String) { composeTestRule.onNodeWithTag(tag) .performClick() } } @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyEmailErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterEmail(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmailErrorsWhenValueIsNotEmail() { loginScreen { enterEmail(INCORRECT_EMAIL) incorrectEmailErrorDisplayed() } } @Test fun shouldBeDisplayedEmptyPasswordErrorsWhenValueIsEmpty() { loginScreen { enterPassword(EMPTY_VALUE) emptyPasswordErrorDisplayed() } } ... } BASIC OPERATIONS SCREEN ROBOTS TEST CASES COMPOSE UI TESTS class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun enterEmail(email: String) = enterText("email", email) fun enterPassword(email: String) = 
 enterText("password", password) ... }
107. TA SK TodayScreenE2ETestDsl •displayEmotion_WhenEmotionHistoryWasAddedViaAddMoodScreen
108. Flaky Tests
109. External dependencies Framework Test case execution Device and emulator
110. External dependencies - Network connection (VPN) - Network speed - Back-end
111. Framework - Framework issues - Toast, Snackbar, etc - Custom Views
112. Device and emulator - Performance - Noti fi cations - Device memory
113. Test case execution - Simulate User actions - Incorrect state before/after a test case - Toast, Snackbar, etc
114. - Network connection (VPN) - Network speed - Back-end - Framework issues - Toast, Snackbar, etc - Custom Views - Simulate User actions - Incorrect state before/after a test case - Toast, Snackbar, etc - Performance - Noti fi cations - Device memory External dependencies Framework Test case execution Device and emulator
115. ? ? ?
116. #ExploreMore UI Testing @alex_zhukovich https://alexzh.com/