YouTubeにおける撤回論文の参照実態 / metascience-meetup2026

以下のイベントでの発表資料です。
・メタサイエンス研究会 - メタサイエンス・ミートアップ 2026 https://sites.google.com/view/metascience/meetup/meetup2026?authuser=0
・【2日目】2026年3月15日（日）
> 10:30〜　セッション3：Sci-Sciとの協働―そのハードルと解決策
> 「YouTubeにおける『撤回論文』の参照実態：大規模データセットに基づく定量的分析」吉川次郎（和歌山大学）

Transcript

1. ࿨Վࢁେֶ
   γεςϜ޻ֶ෦
   ߨࢣ ٢઒
   ࣍࿠ 1 ϝλαΠΤϯεɾϛʔτΞοϓ
   2026 Sci-Sciͱͷڠಇ
   ʕ
   ͦͷϋʔυϧͱղܾࡦ YouTubeʹ͓͚Δ
   ఫճ࿦จͷࢀর࣮ଶ
2. 2 • ത࢜
   ਤॻؗ৘ใֶ
   
   
   
   ࿨Վࢁେֶ
   γεςϜ޻ֶ෦
   ߨࢣ n ݚڀ෼໺ɾΩʔϫʔυ ֶज़৘ใྲྀ௨ɺܭྔॻࢽֶɺσδλϧϥΠϒϥϦɺιʔγϟϧϝσΟΞ n ΦϯϥΠϯίϛϡχςΟʹ͓͚Δֶज़৘ใͷར׆༻ • ຊདྷɺ࿦จͷಡΈख͸ݚڀऀ΍ઐ໳ՈͰ͕ͨ͠ɺۙ೥Ͱ͸ ৽ͨͳಈ޲ͱͯ͠ɺWikipedia΍ YouTubeͳͲͰͷ ஌ࣝڞ༗ͷͨΊʹར༻͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ • ΢Σϒ্Ͱͷ࿦จͷ৽ͨͳར׆༻ͷ࣮ଶղ໌΍ ར׆༻ͷଅਐΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷݚڀʹैࣄ͍ͯ͠·͢ ˠ
   ֶज़৘ใͰ୭΋͕޾ͤʹͳΕΔࣾձΛ!! ࣗݾ঺հ:
   ٢઒ ࣍࿠ ͖͔ͬΘ
   ͡Ζ͏
3. YouTube ʹ͓͚Δ ࿦จͷࢀরͱ͸ 3
4. 4 Read this paper in the ACM Digital Library: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3243734.3243817 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPYsWn13yhM • ֶڠձʹΑͬͯYouTubeʹಈը͕౤ߘ͞Ε͍ͯΔࣄྫ • ࠃࡍձٞͷΞʔΧΠϒɺಈըऩ࿥͞ΕͨݚڀൃදϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯ
5. 5 SciShow - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/@SciShow • Պֶχϡʔεʹয఺Λ౰ͯͨYouTubeνϟϯωϧ • ϋϯΫɾάϦʔϯࢯ͕࢘ձΛ຿Ίɺަ୅Ͱڞԋऀ͕ग़ԋ͍ͯ͠Δ • SciShow͸2012೥ʹ։ઃ͞ΕͯҎདྷɺܧଓతʹ৽͍͠ಈըΛެ։͍ͯ͠Δ ࢀߟ: SciShow - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciShow
6. 6 ྫ: How Smart Are Crows Actually? - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=nk8-tTFIBk8 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/ pii/S0003347208000122 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33458-z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC684 2945/ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb1447 ֓ཁཝͷจࣈ਺੍ݶ ൒֯5,000จࣈ (શ֯2,500จࣈ) ·Ͱ
7. 7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEdugL5_5ic ࿦จ΁ͷ֎෦ϦϯΫ ಈըͷ֓ཁཝ ಈըͷ֓ཁཝʹ͸จࣈ਺੍ݶ͋Γ ൒֯ 5,000 จࣈ (શ֯ 2,500 จࣈ) ·Ͱ
8. YouTubeಈըΛ௨ֶͨ͡ज़ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ n ݚڀऀɾઐ໳ՈʹͱͬͯͷԸܙ • ීஈɺ࿦จΛಡ·ͳ͍ਓʹ΋ݚڀ੒ՌΛൃ৴Ͱ͖Δ • ݚڀऀʹͱͬͯ͸ઐ໳෼໺֎ͷ৘ใऩूʹ΋໾ཱͭ n ࣾձҰൠͷਓʑʹͱͬͯͷԸܙ • Θ͔Γ΍͍͢ܗͰֶज़஌ࣝɾ੒Ռʹ৮ΕΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • ৴པͰ͖Δίϯςϯπʹ৮ΕΔ͜ͱͰɺΑΓྑ͍ҙࢥܾఆΛ ߦ͑Δࣾձ
   ֶज़৘ใͰ୭΋͕޾ͤʹͳΕΔࣾձ) ͕࣮ݱͰ͖Δ nϝλαΠΤϯεతͳ՝୊ • ͦ΋ͦ΋ɺͲ͏΍ͬͯ࿦จͷࢀরΛݕग़ɾऩू͢Δͷ͔ • ͍ͭɺ୭͕ɺͲΜͳಈըΛ
   ԿͷͨΊʹ
   ެ։͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ • ಺༰Λ৴པͯ͠େৎ෉
   ˠ
   ྫ
   ఫճ࿦จͷࢀর 8 ຊ೔ͷ࿩୊
9. 7 Hacks To Make Any Guy Hotter - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzACvn26X2c Example: YouTube video referencing a retracted article without acknowledging its retraction 9
10. 7 Hacks To Make Any Guy Hotter - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzACvn26X2c 10.1M subscribers 10,550,133 views 撤回論⽂ !! Example: YouTube video referencing a retracted article without acknowledging its retraction 10
11. Example: Retraction notice and reasons attached to the article Retraction Reason: drawing attention to serious ethical concerns and the possibility of unreliable data reporting. 11
12. Retraction Watch
    º
    Crossref https://doi.org/10.13003/c23rw1d9 ʮCrossrefͷ2025೥1݄29೔෇͚ͷϒϩάهࣄͰɺRetraction Watch͕ఏڙ͢Δ ֶज़࿦จͷఫճɾగਖ਼ʹؔ͢Δ৘ใ͕ɺCrossrefͷREST APIΛ௨ͯ͡ར༻Մೳʹ ͳͬͨ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯൃද͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻʯ CrossrefɺRetraction Watch͕ఏڙ͢Δֶज़࿦จͷఫճɾగਖ਼৘ใ͕APIΛ௨ͯ͡ར༻Մೳʹ | ΧϨϯτΞ΢ΣΞωεɾϙʔλϧ https://current.ndl.go.jp/car/239555 12
13. 13 ఫճ
    ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔಈըΛ୳͠ग़͢ n Ͳͷಈը͔ΒɺͲͷ࿦จ͕ࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔
    Λಛఆ 1. Altmetric Explorer (Altmetric.com) Λ༻͍ͯऩू 2. YouTubeͷWeb APIΛ༻͍ͨݕࡧʹΑΓऩू 7.7ສ݅ͷYouTubeνϟϯωϧʹΑͬͯ2023೥຤·Ͱʹ ެ։͞Εͨɺ32ສ݅ͷಈըʹ͓͚Δ74ສ݅ͷ࿦จࢀরΛಛఆ 714݅ͷYouTubeνϟϯωϧʹΑͬͯެ։͞Εͨɺ956݅ͷ ಈըʹ͓͍ͯɺ1,002݅ͷఫճ࿦จ͕ࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ൑໌ Retraction WatchΛ༻͍ͨߜΓࠐΈ ౷߹
14. ఫճཧ༝ͷਂࠁ౓ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺWoo & WalshʹΑΔ෼ྨΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ɻ Woo, S., Walsh, J.P.: On the shoulders of fallen giants: What do references to retracted research tell us about citation behaviors? Quantitative Science Studies 5 (1), 1–30 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00303 14 ఫճཧ༝ͷਂࠁ౓ ࿦จͷࢀর݅਺ 論⽂ (DOI) ͷҟͳΓ਺ ಈըͷҟͳΓ਺ Severe (深刻) 458 45.7% 183 50.8% 435 45.5% Moderate (中程度) 303 30.2% 104 28.9% 299 31.3% Minor (軽微) 235 23.5% 70 19.4% 232 24.3% ෆ໌ 6 0.6% 3 0.8% 5 0.5% શମ 1,002 100.0% 360 100.0% 956 100.0% ද: ఫճཧ༝ͷਂࠁ౓ผʹݟͨɺYouTubeʹ͓͚Δఫճ࿦จͷࢀরʹؔ͢Δ෼෍ 714݅ͷYouTubeνϟϯωϧʹΑͬͯެ։͞Εͨɺ956݅ͷ ಈըʹ͓͍ͯɺ1,002݅ͷఫճ࿦จ ͕ࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ൑໌ • Severe
    ፻଄ɾվ͟Μɺࠪಡͷෆਖ਼౳ • Moderate
    σʔλɾը૾ɾ݁Ռ΍ख๏ʹؔ͢Δෆඋ౳ • Minor
    ॏෳܝࡌɺႮ઄ɺಉҙঝೝखଓ͖ෆඋɺܝࡌྉ
    (APC) ͷະ෷͍౳
15. ఫճཧ༝ͷਂࠁ౓ ಈըͷ࠶ੜճ਺ʹؔ͢Δ౷ܭ஋ ࠷খ஋ ࠷େ஋ தԝ஋ ඪ४ภࠩ Severe 1 11,571,512 2,272 1,018,914.38 Moderate 4 9,517,798 4,258 629,195.41 Minor 1 12,921,007 8,077 923,338.11 ෆ໌ 14 89,758 3,205 38,466.65 શମ 1 12,921,007 3,861 842,142.55 ఫճ࿦จΛࢀরͨ͠ಈը͸ ͲΕ͚ͩ࠶ੜ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ͔ • ࠶ੜճ਺ͷதԝ஋: Minor > Moderate > Severe → ܰඍͳఫճཧ༝ͷ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠Δಈըͷ΄͏͕࠶ੜ͞Ε͍ͯΔ?? • ࠶ੜճ਺ͷ࠷େ஋ʹண໨͢ΔͱɺSevereɺModerateɺSevereͷ ͍ͣΕ΋1,000ສճ΄Ͳࢹௌ͞Ε͍ͯΔಈըؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ → ఫճͷࣄ࣮͕։ࣔ͞Εͳ͍··޿֦͘ࢄ͞ΕΔϦεΫ͕ࣔࠦ͞ΕΔ 15
16. YouTubeͰ܁Γฦ͠ࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔఫճ࿦จ 撤回理由の深刻度 動画の件数 論⽂の出版年 論⽂の撤回年 ࿦จᶃ Minor 94 2003 2021 உੑͷࣹਫ਼ͱςετεςϩϯ஋ͷؔ܎Λѻͬͨ࿦จ தࠃޠͰެදࡁΈͷ࿦จΛɺӳޠͰ౤ߘͨ͜͠ͱ
    ଟॏ౤ߘ
    ʹىҼ͢Δఫճ ࿦จᶄ Moderate 59 2020 2024 COVID-19ͷ࣏ྍ
    ώυϩΩγΫϩϩΩϯʴΞδεϩϚΠγϯ
    Λѻͬͨ࿦จ ࿦จᶅ Severe 43 1998 2010 ӳࠃͷݩҩࢣAndrew WakefieldࢯΒʹΑΔɺ৽ࡾछࠞ߹ϫΫνϯͱࣗด঱ͷ ؔ࿈Λࣔࠦͨ͠࿦จ
    (Lancet) ※ݚڀෆਖ਼ʹؔ͢Δڭҭతͳಈըίϯςϯπ ఫճ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠Δಈը
    
    ৴པ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕ྑͦ͞͏
    ͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍! ࿦จᶆ Moderate 22 2023 2024 ΠϯυωγΞͷάψϯύμϯҨ੻Λʮੈք࠷ݹͷϐϥϛουʯͱࣔࠦͨ͠࿦จ Netflixͷ൪૊ͰऔΓ্͛ΒΕͨ͜ͱ͕Өڹ͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͋Γ ࿦จᶇ Severe 20 2020 2020 τϨʔχϯάܦݧͷ͋Δঁੑʹ͓͚ΔےྗτϨʔχϯάྔͷ্ݶΛѻͬͨ࿦จ ࿦จᶈ Moderate 17 2013 2018 ஍தւ৯ʹΑΔ৺݂؅࣬ױͷҰ࣍༧๷Λѻͬͨ࿦จ ࿦จᶉ Severe 15 2020 2020 ܞଳɾWi-FiɾBluetoothͷి࣓೾ϦεΫΛѻͬͨ࿦จ ແઢ௨৴ͷి࣓೾͸҆શ͔? Λ໰͓͏ͱͨ͠࿦จ (IEEE Access) 16
17. ಈըͷ౤ߘ͸ɺఫճલ
    ͦΕͱ΋ఫճޙ • ఫճ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠Δಈըͷ͏ͪ53.6%͕ఫճલʹެ։͞Εͨ΋ͷ • ఫճཧ༝ͷॏେੑʹண໨͢ΔͱɺSevere
    ·ͨ͸ Moderate
    ʹ෼ྨ͞Εͨ ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠Δಈըʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺఫճલͷέʔεͷ΄͏͕ଟ͍ → ఫճͷࣄ࣮͕։ࣔ͞Εͣʹ֦ࢄ͞Εͯ͠·͏ϦεΫ͕ࣔࠦ͞ΕΔ • ͦͷଞͷ෼ੳ݁Ռ͸ɺTPDL2025ʹͯൃදࡁΈ ಈը͕౤ߘ͞Εͨ λΠϛϯά 件数 撤回理由の深刻度 Severe Moderate Minor 不明 ࿦จͷఫճΑΓ΋લ 537 (53.6%) 253 (25.3%) 187 (18.9%) 97 (9.7%) 0 (0.0%) ࿦จͷఫճΑΓ΋ޙ 465 (46.4%) 205 (20.5%) 116 (11.6%) 138 (13.8%) 6 (0.6%) ߹ܭ 1,002 (100.0%) 458 (45.7%) 303 (30.2%) 235 (23.5%) 6 (0.6%) 17 Kikkawa, Jiro; Takaku, Masao: “How Retracted Article Persists on YouTube: Retraction Severity, Visibility, and Disclosure” https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05409-8_9 🏆 TPDL 2025 Best Paper Award https://tpdl2025.github.io/
18. ݱঢ়Ͱͷݶքɺࠓޙͷ՝୊ 18 • ෼ੳର৅͕ɺ֓ཁཝͰ࿦จ΁ͷ֎෦ϦϯΫ͕ॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ͚ͩ ˠ
    ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ৘ใݯɾग़యΛ໌͍ࣔͯ͠ͳ͍έʔε͸ • ఫճ࿦จΛࢀর͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛӾཡऀʹؾ͔ͮͤΔ࢓૊Έ͕ඞཁ • ͦΕͧΕͷಈըͰͷݴٴՕॴɺޠΒΕํΛ౿·࣮͑ͨଶͷղ໌ ˠ
    Պݚඅɾج൫ݚڀ# (2026-2030) ࠾୒
    !
    
    ϓϩδΣΫτΛਪਐ ;PUFSP
    จݙ؅ཧπʔϧ
    ʹ͸ɺఫճ࿦จΛ ొ࿥͢ΔͱΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔػೳ͕͋Δ
19. ·ͱΊ 19 • :PV5VCF্ͷ࿦จࢀরΛେن໛ʹऩूɾ෼ੳͨ݁͠Ռɺ݅ͷ ಈըΛ௨ͯ͡ ݅ͷఫճ࿦จ͕ࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ • ఫճཧ༝ͷਂࠁ౓Ͱ͸ɺ4FWFSFͱ.PEFSBUF͕શମͷ໿෼ͷΛ ઎Ί͓ͯΓɺਂࠁͳ໰୊Λ࣋ͭ࿦จ΋গͳ͔Βͣࢀর͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ਺ඦສճن໛Ͱେྔʹ࠶ੜ͞Ε͍ͯΔಈը΋ؚ·Ε͓ͯΓɺ ఫճ࿦จ͕ఫճޙ΋޿͘ྲྀ௨͠͏Δ͜ͱΛࣔ݁͢Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨ • Ұ෦ʹ͸൷൑తɾڭҭతͳࢀর΋͕͋ͬͨɺఫճʹݴٴͤͣʹ ਖ਼౰ͳ஌ࣝݯͷΑ͏ʹѻ͏ಈը΋֬ೝ͞Εͨ