of data and converts it to another type of data. In the case of HTML and CSS, some of the more popular preprocessor languages include Haml and Sass. Haml is processed into HTML and Sass is processed into CSS.
code written in one programming language, and produce the equivalent code in another language. Languages you write that transpile to JavaScript are often called compile-to-JS languages, and are said to target JavaScript.
and TypeScript. CoffeeScript provides syntactic sugar for a number of features not yet native to JavaScript, while discouraging some of JavaScript's "bad parts". TypeScript is more drastic, adding classical object-oriented semantics to a fundamentally different language. Anything you can write in JavaScript, you can write in CoffeeScript or TypeScript. Examples of transcompiled languages include Closure Compiler, Haxe, Dart, TypeScript and Emscripten.